Vlll 
CONTENTS 
PACK 
Pond-Snails (Viviparidce)—Valvatidce—Ampullariidce—Cyclophoridce—Cyclostomatid(B— 
Truncatellidoe — Hipponychidce—Calyptrceidce — Xenophorulce—Naticidce — Section Pteno- 
glossa —Violet Snails (lanthinidce)— Wentle-Traps (Scalariidce )—Section Gymnoglossa— 
Eulimidce — Pyramidellidce —Suborder Heteropoda — Pterotracheidce — Atlantidce — Sub¬ 
order Scutibranchiata — Section Rhipidoglossa — Helicenidce — Neritidce — Turbinidce — 
Trochidce — Delphinulidce— Orrners ( Haliotidce ) — Plextrotomariid.ee — Keyhole Limpets 
(Fissurellidce)— Section Docoglossa — Acmceida ?—Limpets ( Patellidce )— Lepetidce,. - 341 
CHAPTER XI.—Molluscs,— concluded. Classes Amphineura, Scaphopoda, and Pelecypoda 
The Chiton Group (Class Amphineura )—Chitons (Order Polyplacophora )—Order Aplacophora 
—The Tooth-Shells (Class Scaphopoda )—The Bivalves (Class Pelecypoda )—Order Proto- 
branchiata —Order Filibranchiata —Order Pseudolamellibranchiata —Order Eulamelli- 
branchiata —Suborder Submytilacea —Suborder Tellinacea —Suborder Veneracea —Sub¬ 
order Cardiacea — Suborder Myacea — Suborder Pholadacea — Suborder Anatinacea 
—Order Septibranchiata, ......... 398 
CHAPTER XII.—Moss-Animals and Lamp-Shells,—S ubkingdom Molluscoidea. 
The Moss-Animals (Class Bryozoa )—Characteristics of the Group—Subclass Ectoprocta —Order 
Phylactolcemata —Order Gymnolcemata —Subclass Entoprocta —The Lamp-Shells (Class 
Bracliiopoda) and their Characteristics—Hinged Group (Order Testicardines) —Hinge¬ 
less Group (Order Ecardines), . . . . . . . .419 
CHAPTER XIII.— The Worm-Like Animals,—S ubkingdom Vermes. 
Characteristics of Worms—Bristle-Worms, or Annelids (Class Annelida )—Their Distinctive 
Features—Many-Bristled Group (Order Polychceta )—Sparsely-Bristled Group (Order 
Oligochceta )—The Leeches (Class Hirudinea )—The Gepliyrean Worms (Class Gephyrea) 
The Wheel-Animalcules (Class Rotifera )—The Thread-Worms, or Round-Worms (Class 
Nematohelminthes )—Spiny-Headed Thread-Worms (Order Acanthocephala )—Typical 
Thread-Worms (Order Nematoidea) —Arrow-Worms (Order Ghcetognatha )—The Nemer- 
tine Worms (Class Nemertinea )—The Flat-Worms (Class Platyhelminthes) — Tape- 
Worms (Order Cestoda )—Trematode Worms (Order Trematoda )—Many-Suckered Group 
(Suborder Polystomece ) — Two-Suckered Group (Suborder Distomece) — Turbellarian 
Worms (Order Turbellaria )—Suborder Rhabdoccela —Suborder Dendroccela —Group of 
Uncertain Ppsition (Orthonectidce and Dicyemidce), ..... 432 
CHAPTER XIY.—Jelly-Fish, Corals, and Sea-Anemones,—S ubkingdom Ccelenterata. 
Distinctive Features of Coelenterates—The Ctenophores (Group Ctenophora )—Stinging Series 
(Group Cnidaria )—The Jelly-Fish and their Allies (Class Polypomedusce )—Order 
Siphonopliora —Order Fbydromedusce —Fresh-water Forms—Order Scyphomedusce —The 
Sea-Anemones and Corals (Class Anthozoa) —Six-Rayed Polyps (Order Hexactinia )— 
Horny Corals ( Antipatliaria )—Eight-Rayed Polyps (Order Odactinia) —Coral-Reefs and 
Mauds, . .. 474 
CHAPTER XV.— The Sponges,— Subkingdom Porifera. 
Distinctive Characters of the Group—Reproduction — The Calcareous Sponges (Class Calcarea) 
Six-Rayed, or Glass-Sponges (Class Hexactinellida) —The Common Sponges (Class 
Demospongia) Four-Rayed Sponges (Order Tetractinellida) - The Fleshy Sponges 
(Order Carnosa)— Single-Rayed Sponges (Order Monaxonida)— Fresh-Water Sponges— 
Horny Sponges (Order Ceratosa), ... 
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