H YMENOPTERA. 
i7 
wounds being subsequently closed with a viscid secretion which protects the eggs. 
As many as twenty eggs may thus be deposited in a single needle. When young, 
and also just before turning into pupae, the grubs are very susceptible to sudden 
FEMALE AND MALE OF GIANT-TAILED WASP (nat, size). 
cold or heavy rain, which will kill off thousands. In addition to these destructive 
agencies, nearly forty different kinds of parasites infest the grubs, while mice 
devour numbers of the pupae. The illustration below shows all the stages of de- 
1, pine saw-fly, larvae on pine needles, and also pupae cases shut and open ; 2, broad-bodied saw-ily, 
with larvse and nest. (All nat. size.) 
velopment, one of the grubs being drawn in the act of endeavouring to ward off the 
attacks of a parasite by the ejection from its mouth of an offensive fluid. To the 
same family belongs the turnip saw-fly (Athctlicc spinavuvri), which is one of the 
VOL. vi. — 2 
