86 
INSECTS. 
is the Camberwell beauty ( V. antiopa). Its large angular wings are rich brown above, 
with a broad yellow border, enclosing on its inner margin a row of blue spots. 
In the tropics the place of the preceding genus is taken by Junonia, the 
members of which are not perhaps so richly coloured as the tortoiseshells. They 
occur all over Eastern and Southern Asia, and are also found in North and South 
America, the Oriental countries, and Africa. The caterpillars are spinous, as are 
those of the two tortoiseshells. A figure of the beautiful, although dark- 
coloured, Swinhoe’s tortoiseshell (J. 
swinhoei), is given at the lower left- 
hand corner of the coloured Plate. 
As an example of the genus Pyra- 
meis, we may take the red admiral 
(P. citalantd), which is a well-known 
and richly-coloured British butterfly, 
appearing in the autumn in woods, 
and also in orchards where it feeds 
upon the juices of decajdng apples. 
The large black wings with a scarlet 
band across the upper, and a margin 
of the same colour around the lower, 
together with the group of pure 
white blotches towards the tip of the 
former, render it a very conspicuous 
insect. When, however, the wings 
are closed, the mottled black and 
brown render it almost invisible. 
The larvae are black and spinous, 
and feed upon the common nettle; 
and the species is found all over 
Europe and North Africa, North and 
West Asia, and North and Central 
America. In many other regions its 
place is taken by some very closely 
allied forms. In the painted lady 
1, Peacock butterfly; 2, The same just emerged; 3, The (p t -x f w hj P h the caterr.il 1 avq 
caterpillar; 4, The chrysalis; 5, Meadow-brown; 6, The \ l ’ caraui )> 01 Wllicn tile cateipillars 
caterpillar (nat. size). feed upon the thistle, the wings 
are orange-red, black-spotted, and 
black-tipped, the latter area bearing a group of white spots. It is abundant in 
almost every country of the world, except the Arctic regions and South America. 
Nearly allied are the porcelains ( Cyrestis ), which measure from 2 to 3 inches across 
the wings, and are found in India, the Malay Archipelago, and a few in West 
Africa and Madagascar. The sooty-veined porcelain (0. tliyodamas ) represented on 
the coloured Plate, No. 3 from the lower right corner, is an inhabitant of 
Madagascar. Of the genus Limenitis, the large white admiral ( L. populi ) occurs 
in Central Europe, South Scandinavia, and Finland, but has not been met with in 
the British Islands or in Holland. It is nearly twice the size of the English white 
GROUP OF BUTTERFLIES. 
