LEPIDOPTERA. 
107 
procession, as represented in the illustration. One, the leader, marches at the 
head, followed by two, three, and so on, forming a wedge-shaped column. They 
ascend the oak-trees and return again in the same manner to their resting-place. 
They also spin their cocoons together as in Fig. 5 of the illustration. The species is 
common throughout Central and Southern Europe in August and September. As 
our last representative 
of the family we take 
the lackey-moth ( Glis - 
iocampa neustria), 
which is common in 
England and all through 
Europe and North and 
Western Asia during 
July and August. The 
fore - wings are dull 
ochre-brown, with two 
oblique transverse 
brown bars. The eggs 
are laid by the female 
in the late summer in 
a firmly attached ring 
round some small twigs, 
as shown in the illustration. The larvae hatch in the spring following, and are 
brown with blue, white, red, and yellow longitudinal stripes; all feed on the leaves 
of the pear and other fruit trees, and spin a long sulphurous yellow cocoon amongst 
the leaves. 
LACKEY-MOTH. 
Perfect insect, eggs, larra, and cocoon. 
Family L YMANTRIIDJE. 
This group includes a number of moths in which the males have the antennae 
strongly pectinated, while in the case of the genus Orgyia the female is wingless. 
None possess a proboscis. The larvae are hairy, and clothed with long thick tufts, 
springing in some places from wart-like prominences. The hairs of the larvae are 
woven into the cocoon, and if they come in contact with the skin cause great 
irritation. In this family are included some well-known British moths, such as the 
vapourer ( Orgyia antiqua), the pale tussock ( Dasycliira pudibunda), the black 
arches ( Lymantria monacha), the gold-tail and brown-tail, the satin-moth, and 
many others. In the gipsy-moth ( Ocneria 
dispar) the wings of the male are smoky 
black, while those of the female are grey; 
the appearance of the two sexes being very 
different indeed. The larvae feed on various 
trees, and though very rare in England are 
sometimes so abundant on the Continent as 
to prove very destructive to all kinds of 
trees and herbage ; stripping even maize and 
hermaphrodite gipsy-moth. millet-fields, orchard, and vegetable produce. 
