2 10 
MILLIPEDES. 
sumatran pill-millipede. Sphceopceus (nat. size) 
the antennse are seven-jointed, and the body is not furnished with tufts of scale-like 
hairs. The group is divisible into the orders Oniscomorpha, Limacomorpha, and 
Helminthomorpha. In the former, as represented by the pill-millipedes, the body 
is short and broad, convex above and flat 
below, with the second and last segments 
enormously enlarged, and capable of being 
rolled up into a ball. The skeletal pieces 
which compose the segments are distinct and 
movably jointed together. Each typical 
segment consists of seven pieces; a large 
and vaulted tergum forming the upper sur¬ 
face and concealing the legs ; while beneath this on each side there is a small pleural 
piece, and between this and the two legs two still smaller tracheal plates bearing the 
stigmata. The legs are in contact in the middle line of the body, and those of the 
last pair are enlarged in the male and transformed into a pair of clasping organs. 
Of the two families into which the order is divided the Glomeridce, or small pill- 
millipedes of Europe, have the antennae close together upon the front of the head 
the eyes with a single row of ocelli, and the 
body consists of only twelve segments. In 
the Zephroniidoi, or large tropical pill- 
millipedes, the antennae are situated on the 
sides of the head, the eyes are composed of 
a spherical cluster of ocelli, and the body 
consists of thirteen segments. In the South 
African genus Sphcerotherium the last 
pair of legs in the male is furnished with 
a well developed stridulating apparatus, 
consisting of a finely ridged plate, which 
by being rubbed against a set of granules 
on the inner surface of the last tergal shield, 
gives rise to an audible sound. Although 
no representatives occur in America, the order is spread over the Eastern Hemi¬ 
sphere, the Glomeridce ranging over Europe and thence into India and Borneo, while 
the Zephroniidoi occur in South Africa, Madagascar, India, the Malay Peninsula, 
Australia, and New Zealand. 
The Limacomorpha, or slug-like millipedes, form a small group, containing but 
two known genera and three species included in the family Glomeridesmidce. 
The body is composed of nineteen or twenty segments, all of them being approxi¬ 
mately equal in size and similar in form, and none of them abruptly larger than the 
rest. The body is capable of being spirally coiled; its segments are formed 
much as in the Oniscomorpha, but the tracheal plates are not distinct. The last 
tergal plate, although small, forms a hood which covers over the last pair of legs, 
and these are modified in form as in the males of the Oniscomorpha. The rest of 
the legs are composed of only six segments, the basal of which is much enlarged. 
There are no true eyes. Glomeridesmus, the typical genus, is known from two 
species, found respectively in New Granada and in St. Vincent; the other genus, 
ENGLISH PILL-MILLIPEDE (nat. size). 
