2 l8 
1 VHIP-S C ORPIONS. 
cephalothorax is divided into two regions by the jointing of the carapace, the 
region which corresponds to the posterior two pairs of legs having a small but 
distinct tergal plate of its own. Moreover, the eyes are either absent or reduced 
to a single pair, and the tail-piece, which is jointed to the last segment of the 
abdomen, is short and undivided. There is a single family of this tribe, the 
Schizonotidoe, so-called on account of the jointing of the carapace. The family 
contains two genera, Schizonotus and Tripeltis, the species of which are pale- 
coloured forms, less than quarter 
of an inch in length, and con¬ 
fined to Burma and Ceylon. 
The term Oxopoei, or acid- 
producers, is applied to the 
family Thelyphonidce, or whip- 
scorpions, which differ from the 
last in having the carapace 
undivided, and the tail long, 
thread-like, and many jointed. 
The last three segments of the 
abdomen, too, are very narrow, 
forming a movable stalk for the 
filiform tail, and on its last 
segment there are generally 
two, sometimes four, clear yellow 
spots, the ommatoids. The eyes 
are always well developed, two 
of them being situated close to 
the front edge of the carapace, 
and the others, of which there 
are eight or ten, arranged in two 
clusters of three or five each at 
the sides of the head, some 
distance behind the front eyes. 
The adult males differ from the 
females in having longer and 
often differently shaped pincers, 
female of bornean whip-scorpion. Thelyphonus hosci (nat. size), and also very generally in 
having the first ventral plate of 
the abdomen larger and more swollen. The females of some genera ( Thelyphonus , 
Typopeltis), on the other hand, have the segments of the tarsus of the first pair 
of legs peculiarly modified. 
Considering their antiquity and wide range, the whip-scorpions are strikingly 
uniform in structure. The largest specimens, measuring about 4 inches in length, 
have been met with in North-East India and Central and South America. All 
the species seem to be nocturnal, spending the day hiding beneath stones, logs of 
wood, etc., and, when surprised, hurrying away with considerable speed into any 
holes or crevices that are handy. The Indian species require moist surroundings, 
