CONTENTS 
Vll 
PAGE 
{Coluber) —Black-Marked Snake—Wood-Snakes ( Herpetodryas) — Tree-Snakes ( Dend- 
rophis and Dendrelaphis) —Egg-Eating Snake ( Dasypeltis )—Moon-Snakes ( Scytale) —Cat- 
Snake ( Tarbophis )—Nocturnal Tree-Snakes ( Dipsas) —Back-Fanged Tree-Snakes 
{Philodryas and Dryopliis ) — Sharp - Nosed Snakes ( Oxybelis )—Oriental Fresh-Water 
Snakes ( Homalopsince )—Coral-Snake (Elaps )—Resplendent Adders ( Gallophis )—Long- 
Glanded Snakes ( Adeniophis )—Craits ( Bungarus )—Cobras ( Naia )—Their Habits— 
Death - Adders ( Pseudechis )—Sea - Snakes (Hydrophiin.ee) —Broad-Tailed Sea - Snakes 
(Platurus) —Parti-Coloured Sea-Snake ( Hydrus) —Black-Banded Sea-Snake (Distira )— 
The Vipers (Viperidce )—True Vipers ( Viperince )—Common Viper ( Vipera )—Southern 
Viper—Long-Nosed Viper—Russell’s Viper—Puff-Adder—Horned Vipers ( Cerastes )— 
Desert Saw-Vipers ( Echis) —Rattle-Snakes ( Crotalince )—Common Rattle-Snake (Cro- 
talus )—Diamond Rattle-Snake—South American Rattle-Snakes—Habits of Rattle- 
Snakes— The Buslimaster ( Lachesis )—Halys Vipers (Ancistrodon )—Himalayan Halys 
Siberian Halys—Copper-Head Snake—Water-Viper—Typical Pit-Vipers ( Trimere - 
saurus) — Jararaca — Extinct Groups of Scaled Reptiles—Long-Necked Lizards 
( Dolichosauria )—Cretaceous Sea-Serpents (Pythonomorpha), . . . .174 
CHAPTER VI.— The Remaining Groups of Reptiles, —Orders Ichthyopterygia, 
Bhynchocephalia, and Anomodontia. 
The Fish-Lizards (Order Ichthyopterygia )—The Beaked Lizards (Order Bhynchocephalia )—The 
Tuatera (Sphenodon )—Allied Extinct Families (Homoeosauridce and Bhynchosauridce )— 
Oldest Types (Praterosaurus, etc.)—The Anomodonts, or Mammal-Like Reptiles (Order 
Anomodontia) —Dicynodonts and Theriodonts, ...... 250 
AMPHIBIANS 
CHAPTER I.—General Characteristics of the Class Amphibia—Frogs and Toads 
— Order Ecaudata. 
Distinction between Amphibians and Reptiles—S kin of Amphibians—Skeleton—Soft 
Parts—Development—Distribution—Habits—Characteristics of Frogs and Toads—The 
Typical Frogs (Banidce) —Water-Frogs (Bana )—European Frogs—Bull-Frogs— Oxy- 
glossus — Flying Frogs ( Bhacophorus) — Solid-Chested Tree-Frogs (Dendrobatidce )— 
The Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Engystomatidce) —Sharp-Nosed Frog (Ceratobatrachidce )— 
The Southern Frogs (Leptodactylidce )—Horned Frogs (Ceratophrys) —Leaf-Frogs (Hylodes) 
—Piping-Frogs (Leptodadylus )—The Toads (Bufonidce )—True Toads (Bufo )—Green 
Toad — Natterjack Toad — Sharp-Nosed Toad (Bliinophrynus) — The Overlapping- 
Chested Tree-Frogs (Hylidce) —Grasshopper-Frog (Acris )—Typical Tree-Frogs (Hyla) 
—Their Nesting-Habits — Pouched Tree-Frogs (Nototrema) — Pouched Tree-Frogs 
(Pelobatidce )—Brown Toad-Frog (Pelobates )—Other Genera (Peloclytes, etc.)—Allied 
Extinct Frogs (Palceobatrachidcc )—The Disc-Tongued Frogs (Discoglossidce) —Fire- 
Bellied Frog (Bombinator)— Midwife-Frogs (Alytes )—Other Families (Amphignathodon- 
tidee and Hemiphr act idee )—The Tongueless Frogs (Xenopodidce and Pipidce) —Spur-Toed 
Frogs (Xenopus )—Surinam Water-Toad ( Pipa ), ...... 257 
CHAPTER II.—Newts, Salamanders, and Ccecilians,—O rders Catidata and Apoda. 
Distinctive Characters of the Caudata—Their Distribution and Habits—The Salamander 
Tribe ( Scilamandridce )—Typical Salamanders (Salamandra) — Alpine Salamander— 
Spanish Salamander (Chioglossa )—Newts (Molge )—Crested Newt—Marbled Newt— 
Alpine Newt—Common Newt—Webbed Newt—Other Species—Habits of Newts— 
Spectacled Salamander (Salamanclrina )—Other Genera (Tylotriton and Pachytriton)— 
Axolotls ( Amblystoma )—Other Genera—The Fish-Like Salamanders ( Amphiumidce ) — 
Giant Salamander (Megalobatraclms) — Hell-Bender (Cryptobranchus) —Three-Toed 
