HADDOCK, WHITING, AND YOUNG AND ADULT COD (J nat. size). 
most instances not attached to the isthmus ; while if false gills are present at all 
they are either glandular or rudimental. As a rule, there is an air-bladder. 
Mostly marine, the members of the cod family are mainly characteristic of the 
Arctic and Temperate seas, where they are comparatively shallow-water fishes. 
There are, however, a certain number of deep-water types among the family, and 
these have a much more extensive distribution, some of them occurring in the 
tropical Indian seas. The fresh-water forms are limited to two or three. Although 
the flesh of the cod tribe is by no means remarkable for its delicacy or flavour, 
43 2 
SOFT-FINNED GROUP. 
dorsal being divided into two moieties. More or less elongate and subcyclindrical 
in form, the body is covered with small cycloid scales; there are either one, two, 
or three dorsal fins, occupying nearly the entire length of the back, the rays of 
the hindmost being well developed ; the anal is either single or divided; and the 
jugular pelvic fins are usually formed of several rays, but if reduced to filaments, 
there is always a double dorsal. The gill-opening is wide, and the gill-membrane in 
