Vlll 
CONTENTS 
BIRDS 
CHAPTER I.—General Characteristics. 
PAGE 
Distinctive Characters of Birds—Skeleton—Skull—External Characters—Plumage—Change 
of Plumage—Eggs—Migration—Distribution—Classification, .... 289 
CHAPTER II.—Perching-Birds,—O rder Passeres. 
Characters of the Order.—T he Crow Tribe (Corvidce )—Ravens and Crows (Gorvus)— Rook- 
Jackdaw— Nutcrackers (Nucifraga )—Magpies (Pica)— Azure-Winged Magpies (Cyano- 
pica )—Blue Magpies ( Urocissa )—Indian Tree-Pies (Dendrocitta )—Jays ( Garrulus )— 
Siberian Jay (Perisoreus)— Long-Crested Jay (Cyanocitta )—Urraca Jay —(Gyanocorax) 
—Struthidea—Piping Crows (Gymnorhina )—Choughs (Graculus )—Chough - Thrushes 
(Podoces )—Huia - Bird (Heteralocha )—Birds of Paradise (Paradis&idcB)— Twelve-Wired 
Bird of Paradise (Seleucides )—Allied Genera—Gorget Bird of Paradise ( Astrapia )— 
Wattled Bird of Paradise ( Paradigalla )—Typical Group (Paradisea )—King Paradise- 
Bird ( Gincinnurus )—Wilson’s Bird of Paradise ( Diphyllodes )—Six-Plumed Bird of 
Paradise ( Parotia) —Standard-Wing ( Semioptera )—Superb Bird of Paradise (Lophorhina) 
—Bower-Birds ( Ptilonorhynchidce ) — Satin Bower-Bird ( Ptilonorhynchus )—Spotted 
Bower-Bird ( Chlamydodera )—Gardener Bower-Bird (Arnblyornis )—Starlings ( Sturnidce ) 
Typical Group ( Sturnus ) — Rose-Coloured Starling ( Pastor )—Other Genera—Ox- 
Peckers ( Buphaga ) — Glossy Starlings and Grackles ( Eulabetidce ) — African Glossy 
Starlings (Lamprotornis and Lamprocolius )—Grackles or Hill Mynas ( Eulabes )—Asiatic 
Glossy Starlings ( Calornis )—Drongos ( Dicruridce )—Orioles ( Oriolidce )—Cassiques and 
Hangnests ( Ideridce )—Cassiques (Ostinops and Cassicus )—True Hangnests ( Icterus )— 
Rice-Birds ( Dolichonyx )—Cow-Birds ( Molotlirus )—Red-Shouldered Starling (Agelceus) 
—Troupials ( Quiscalus )—Weaver-Birds ( Ploceidce )—Ox-Birds ( Textor )—White-Headed 
Weaver (Dinemellia )—True Weaver-Birds (Ploceus )—Masked Weaver (Hyphantornis )— 
Paradise Whydah Birds (Vidua) —Bishop-Birds (Pyromelana )—Sociable Weavers 
(Pliilceterus) — Cut - Throat Weaver - Finches (A madina) — Munias (Munia) — Blood 
Weaver-Finches (Estrilda )—Tanagers (Tanagridce )—Violet Tanager (Euphonia)— 
Scarlet Tanagers (Pyranga) — White - Capped Tanager (Stephanophorus) — Honey- 
Creeper (Cccrebiclce )—West Indian Honey-Creepers ( Certhiola )—Banana-Quit, . . 305 
CHAPTER III. —Perching-Birds,— continued. 
Finches (Fringillidce) —Grosbeak Group ( Coccothraustince) —Greenfinches (Ligurinus) —Haw¬ 
finches (Coccothraustes) —Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Hedymeles)— Red Cardinals (Gardin- 
alis) —True Finches (Fringillince) —Chaffinches (Fringilla) —Siskins (Chrysomitris) — 
Linnets (Linaria) —Snow-Finches (Montifringilla) —Desert Finches (Erythrospiza) — 
Rock-Sparrows (Petronia) —True Sparrows (Passer) —Serin Finches (Serinus) —Canary 
Rose-Finches (Carpodacus) — Bullfinches (Pyrrhula) — Pine-Grosbeak (Pinicola) — 
Crossbills ( Loxia )—Laysan Finch (Telespiza) —The Buntings (Emberizince) —Snow- 
Bunting (Plectroplienax) —Lapland Bunting (Calcarius) —Typical Group (Emberiza) — 
Reed Bunting—Common Bunting—Black-Headed Bunting—Yellow-Breasted Bunting 
—Yellow Bunting—Cirl Bunting—Ortolan Bunting—Meadow Bunting — Allied 
Genera, ........... 
377 
CHAPTER IV. —Perching-Birds,— continued. 
The LARKs(AZa«<ffd«j) — Skylarks (Alauda) — Woodlark (Lullula) — Crested Larks (Galerita )— 
Desert-Lark (Alcemon) —Short-Toed Larks (Calandrella) —Calandra Larks (Melano- 
corypha) —Horned Larks (Otocorys) —The Wagtails and Pipits (Motacillidce) —Wagtails 
