226 
EDENTATES. 
number on each side of the jaws), which were divided into three prisms by a pair 
of deep vertical grooves on each side. In all of them the carapace consists of a 
single solid shield, formed of a number of polygonal bony plates, which are 
firmly united together by suture. A peculiar form from Brazil known as the 
chlamydothere serves in some respects to connect the glyptodonts with the arma¬ 
dillos, having the carapace of the latter, and the teeth approximating to those of 
the former. The typical species was about the size of a rhinoceros; but others 
were smaller. 
In all the glyptodonts the skull was short, the feet were short and massive, 
generally with five toes in front and four behind; and the limbs were likewise 
short and massive. In the larger forms the bony plates of the carapace were fully 
an inch in thickness; and in all the species the head 
was protected by a bony shield, somewhat similar in 
structure to the carapace. In the larger types, constitut¬ 
ing the genus Glyptodon, the carapace was much vaulted, 
and its margins ornamented with a number of large 
projecting tubercles; while the tail was protected by a 
series of bony rings, also ornamented with bosses, 
gradually diminishing in size from root to tip. In one 
species the total length, along the curve of the back, 
from the nose to the end of the tail was 11A feet, while 
the carapace measured 7 feet in length and 9 in width, 
inclusive of the curves. On the other hand, in the 
mostly smaller forms known as Lomaphorus, the carapace was less vaulted, and 
devoid of bosses on the margin; while the tail had several movable smooth rings 
at the root, and terminated in a long bony tube of more than a yard in length. 
The extremity of such a tube, showing the large bony plates with which its 
surface is covered, is shown in the accompanying cut. 
Another gigantic kind from the pampas, distinguished by the tail terminating 
in a huge flattened club, armed during life with horns, is known as Doedicurus. 
In the Miocene beds of Patagonia all the glyptodonts were of smaller size. 
The Pangolins. 
Family MANIDJE. 
Stranger even than the armadillos are the Edentates commonly known as 
pangolins, or scaly ant-eaters, which may be compared in appearance to an animated 
spruce-fir cone furnished with a head and legs. These creatures constitute a family 
by themselves, in which there is but a single genus— Manis, and, like the remaining 
representatives of the order, they are confined to the Old World. As already 
mentioned, the relationship of the pangolins to the typical New World Edentates, 
is remote; and it may be even questioned whether the group is rightly included 
in the same order. Their internal anatomy is of a different type; and the joints 
of the backbone lack the additional articular processes characterising most of the 
American Edentates. 
