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CONTENTS 
PAGE 
CHAPTER XIX.—Carnivores,— concluded. 
Eared Seals, Walruses, and Seals ( Otariidce, Trichechidce, and Phocidce ).—Distinctive 
Characters of the Group—The Eared Seals (Otariidce) —Habits—Hair-Seals and Fur- 
Seals—Southern Sea-Lion—Distribution and Habits—Nor them Sea-Lion—Distribution 
—Californian Sea-Lion—Hooker’s Sea-Lion—Australian Hair-Seal—The Northern 
Sea-Bear—Seal-Rookeries—Southern Fur-Seals—South American Fur-Seal—Cape 
Fur-Seal—New Zealand Fur-Seal—The Walrus ( Trichechus )—The True, or Earless 
Seals (Phocidce )—Their Distinctive Features, Distribution, and Habits—The Grey Seal 
(Halichocrus )—Common and Greenland Seals (Phoca )—Allied Species—The Monk-Seal 
(Monachus )—West Indian Seal—The Leopard-Seal (Ogmorhinus) —Crab-Eating Seal 
( Lobodon )—Weddell’s Seal (Leptonychotes) —Ross’s Seal ( Ommatophoca )—Crested Seal 
(Oystophora) —Elephant-Seal (Macrorhinus)— Seal-Hunting—The Primitive Carnivores, 102 
CHAPTER XX.—The Ungulates, or Hoofed Mammals,—O rder Ungulata. 
The Hollow-Horned Ruminants (Bovidce ).—Characters of Ungulates—Their Feet—Odd- 
Toed and Even-Toed Groups—Structure of Teeth—Characteristics—Size—Horns— 
Distribution — Hollow-Horned Ruminants — Even-Toed Ungulates —Oxen (Bos )— 
Characters, Distribution, Habits, and Specialisation—Aurochs and Domestic Oxen— 
Domestication—Park Cattle—Chillingham Cattle—Cadzow Cattle—Chartley Cattle— 
Other Herds—Shetland Cattle—Highland Breed—Welsh Breed—Kerry Breed—Polled 
Angus—Galloways—Polled Suffolk — Alderneys and Jerseys—Ayrshire—Devons— 
Herefords—Longhorns— Shorthorns—Continental Breeds—Indian Cattle—American 
and Australian Cattle—Humped Cattle—Galla Cattle—Extinct Species—The Gaur 
—The Gayal—The Banting—The Yak—European Bison—The American Bison—- 
Extinct Bison—The Cape Buffalo—Short-Horned Buffalo—Extinct Forms—The Indian 
Buffalo—Fossil Indian Species—The Tamarao—The Anoa—The Musk-Ox ( Ovibos )— 
Its Distribution and Habits—Sheep (Ovis )—Their Characters and Distribution— 
American and Kamschatkan Wild Sheep—The Mongolian and Tibetan Argalis—The 
Pamir Wild Sheep—The Urial or Sha—Armenian and Cyprian Sheep—The Mouflon 
—Domestic Sheep—Flat-Tailed Sheep—Shetland Breed—Scotch Breeds—Welsh Sheep 
—Irish Breeds—Heath Breed—Cheviots—Norfolk Breed—Moor Breeds—Southdowns 
— Dorsets—Merino and Long-Woolled Breeds—The Bharal—Barbary Sheep—The 
Goats (Capra )—Their Characteristics and Distribution—Caucasian Wild Goats, or Tur 
—Pallas’s Tur—Caucasian Tur—Severtzow’s Tur—Spanish Wild Goat—Persian Wild 
Goat—Domestic Goats—Angora Breed—Kashmir Goat—Syrian Goat—Egyptian Goat 
—Sudan Goat—Feral Goats — Ibex—Alpine Ibex—Himalayan Ibex—Arabian Ibex 
—Abyssinian Ibex—The Markhor—The Tahr and Nilgiri Wild Goat ( Hemitragus ) 
—The Gorals (Qemas )—The Serows ( Nemorhcedus )—-The Takin ( Budorcas )—Rocky 
Mountain Goat (Haploceros )—The Chamois ( Rupicapra )—Eland (Orias )—Character 
and Distribution of Antelopes—Size, Distribution, and Habits of Eland—Derbian 
Eland—Kudu (Strepsiceros )—Common and Lesser Kudu—Harnessed Antelopes (Trag- 
elaphus) —-Bongo—Nyala—West African Harnessed Antelope—Nakong—Guib—The 
Nilgai (Boselaphus )—The Adclax (Addax) —Ory x(Oryx) —Gemsbok—Beisa—East African 
Oryx—Beatrix Antelope—Sabre-Horned Antelope—Extinct Forms—Sable Antelope 
and Roan Antelope (Hippotragus) —Blaubok—Baker’s Antelope—Extinct Species, . 151 
CHAPTER XXI.— Ungulates,— continued. 
The Hollow-Horned Ruminants, — continued. —The Gazelles (Gazella)— Springbok—Dorcas 
Gazelle—Indian Gazelle—Persian Gazelle—Grant’s Gazelle—Thomson’s Gazelle—Other 
Species—Clarke’s Antelope (Ammodorcas) —Gerenuk (Lithocranius) —Chiru, or Tibetan 
Antelope (Pantholops) —The Saiga (Saiga) —Palas (SEpyceros) —Lesser Pala—Angola 
