WALRUS. 
I2 5 
depending from the upper jaw. In the adult animal internally to these tusks there 
is usually a row of four small teeth, of which in the young state the first is 
situated in advance of the latter, and is, therefore, an incisor; the other three being 
premolars. The lower jaw has but four teeth on each side, of which the foremost 
corresponds to the upper tusk, while the other three represent the premolars. 
Consequently, an adult walrus has but eighteen teeth altogether. The young 
animal has, however, two pairs of incisor teeth in both jaws, and five upper and 
four lower cheek-teeth ; thus, with the tusks, bringing up the total number of teeth 
to thirty. We thus see that the young walrus presents resemblances to the eared 
seals in respect of the number of its teeth, which are totally lost in the adult 
animal. Our figure of the skeleton 
of the walrus shows the tusks in 
their full development; the illus¬ 
tration of the living animal being 
taken from examples with poorly- 
developed tusks. With the excep¬ 
tion of these large upper tusks, all 
the teeth have low, blunted, sub- 
conical crowns, admirably adapted 
for crushing the molluscs on which 
these animals so largely subsist. 
In comparison with the size 
of the body, the head of the walrus 
is rather small, and while squared 
and abruptly truncated in front is 
somewhat rounded behind; this 
rounded appearance being increased 
by the absence of all trace of 
external ears. The muzzle seems to 
be divided into two lobes by the 
vertical groove below the nostrils, and is furnished on either side with a number of 
stout translucent bristles growing from the upper lips. The eye is very small; and 
the entire head has a remarkably rugged and battered appearance; the lower jaw 
narrowing to a point between the upper tusks. The latter, which ordinarily project 
to a length of from 12 to 15 or more inches below the level of the gum, com¬ 
municate, of course, the most striking and characteristic feature to the head, and 
indeed to the whole animal. Although relatively longer than in the true seals, the 
neck is shorter than in the eared seals, and gradually thickens posteriorly, where 
it imperceptibly merges into the trunk. The body is extremely bulky and 
ungainly, with a rounded outline, and diminishing gradually in size from the 
shoulders to the hind-quarters. The tail is very small; and the limbs are to a 
great extent enclosed in the skin of the trunk. There are five rudimentary claws 
on both the fore and the hind-feet, the soles of which are completely devoid 
of hair. 
In the young of the walrus the body is thickly covered with short, yellowish brown 
fur, which is thinner and shorter on the under-parts and limbs than elsewhere, 
HEAD OF WALRUS. 
