174 
UNGULATES. 
the Hindus, and are allowed to perambulate the bazaars of the Indian towns at 
will. In certain parts of India humped cattle have run wild; those found on the 
sea-coast near Nellore, in the Carnatic, have been in this state for a long period, anc 
Jerdon describes them as being extremely shy and wild, their size being large and 
their horns long. 
INDIAN HUMPED BULL (Jj Bat. size). 
Humped cattle are also found in China, Africa, and Madagascar; 
GaU 1 Cattle - anc [ Blyth was of opinion that the group might have had an African 
origin. In Central Africa the humped cattle are represented by the Galla ox 
or sunga, characterised by the enormous size and thickness of the horns, as shown 
in the figure of the back of the skull on p. 173. In this breed the forehead of 
the skull lacks the convexity characteristic of the Indian humped cattle; and 
as the curvature of the horns is somewhat similar, Professor Rutimeyer believes 
that the Galla ox is most nearly related to the Asiatic banting mentioned 
later on. 
In concluding our notice of the typical oxen it may be mentioned 
that several species occur fossil in India. Among these is the 
magnificent Narbada ox ( B . namadicus), of the gravels of the valley of the 
Narbada, which was fully equal in size to the aurochs, and in the typical form 
had horns with a cylindrical section. It is, however, noteworthy that in one race 
of this species the horns were somewhat flattened, and thus approximate to those 
of the living wild cattle of India. In the somewhat older deposits of the Siwalik 
Extinct Species. 
