3^ 
UNGULATES. 
have no additional column on the inner side. All the horns of the male are short, 
conical, and smooth; the front pair being often reduced to mere knobs, and not 
unfrequently absent. In height the male cliousingha 
stands 254 inches at the withers, but an inch and a half 
higher over the haunches. The fur is thin, harsh, and 
short, and longer on the upper surface of the tail than 
elsewhere. The general colour is dull pale brown, with a 
more or less marked rufous tinge above, passing gradually 
into white on the under-parts and inner sides and lower 
portions of the limbs. There is a dark streak down the 
front of each leg, which is larger in the fore than in the 
hind pair. The second pair of horns usually vary from 
34 to 4 inches in length, and do not appear to exceed 44 
inches. The front pair are generally not more than 14 
inches in length, but may reach 24 inches; they are fre¬ 
quently absent in specimens from Madras. 
The chousingha is found along the foot of the Himalaya from the 
Punjab to Nipal, and over the greater part of Peninsular India in 
wooded and hilly country, although it avoids dense jungle. It is unknown in the 
plain of the Ganges, on the Malabar coast in Madras, and likewise in Ceylon. 
Mr. Blanford writes that the chousingha “ differs from all other 
Indian antelopes in habits as much as in structure. It is not gregari¬ 
ous, very rarely are more than two seen together; it haunts thin forest and bush, 
and keeps chiefly to undulating or hilly ground. It drinks daily, and is never seen 
far from water. It is a shy animal, and moves with a peculiar jerky action whether 
walking or running The rutting season is in the rains, and the young, one or two 
in number, are born about January or February.” General Kinloch writes that 
these animals “ conceal themselves in long grass or among low bushes, and some¬ 
what resemble hares in their habits. They are seldom to be seen out feeding, but 
usually jump up at the feet of the hunter and bound away at a great pace.” Fossil 
remains of the existing species have been discovered in a cave in Madras; and it is 
believed that the genus is represented in the Pliocene deposits of the Siwalik Hills 
at the foot of the Himalaya. 
SKULL OF FOUR-HORNED 
ANTELOPE. 
Distribution. 
Habits. 
Wildebeests. 
Genus Connochoetes. 
The last group of the antelopes is represented by the wildebeests and their 
allies the hartebeests and blessbok; and is mainly confined to Africa, although one 
species of hartebeest ranges into Syria. All these antelopes are of large size, and 
are characterised by the presence of horns in both sexes, as well as by the circum¬ 
stance that the withers are more or less elevated above the level of the haunches. 
The muzzle is naked; and there is a small gland below the eye, marked by a tuft 
of hairs. The tail is long, and the general colour mostly uniform. The horns are 
more or less lyrate or recurved, and at their origin are placed more or less closely 
together. Unlike those of other antelopes, the bony cores of the horns are honey- 
