DEER. 
395 
colour of the pelage in winter is tawny grey, with white on the under-parts and 
throat, and the face is grey, with a darker forehead, the legs being dark cinnamon 
colour. In summer the colour changes to hay. 
Habits In k a frik s and gait this deer closely resembles the mule-deer, but 
it is said to occasionally produce as many as three fawns at a birth. 
Mr. Grinnell states that the black-tail is chiefly found in the deepest recesses of the 
coniferous forests of the Pacific ranges, and seldom wanders far away from the 
protection of the woods. Where they have been but little molested, these deer 
frequently come down to the shore to feed upon a particular kind of seaweed, and 
during such visits many are killed by the Indians, who paddle stealthily along the 
shore in their canoes. 
The Pudu Deer. 
Genus Pudua. 
The tiny little deer from the Chilian Andes, known as the pudu (Pudua 
humilis), although allied to the brockets, is so distinct from all others as to 
necessitate its reference to a separate genus. 
This deer, which is scarcely larger than a hare, 
has a rounded head, with rather large ears, 
between which in the males are a pair of 
minute spike-like antlers, placed comparatively 
near together. The fur is of a reddish brown 
colour, becoming paler on the under-parts. There 
are no tusks in the upper jaw, and the skull 
differs from those of all the other American 
deer except the guemals in that the premaxillary 
bones, which form the extremity of the muzzle, 
extend upwards to join the nasal bones covering 
the cavity of the nose. The ankle-joint ex¬ 
hibits certain peculiarities of structure unknown 
in any other species. 
head OF the pudu deer. (From Sclater, 
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866.) 
The Musk-Deer. 
Genus Moschus. 
The musk-deer (Moschus moschiferus ) of the Himalaya differs so remarkably 
in several important points from all other deer that it must certainly be regarded 
as forming a subfamily by itself, while some authorities consider it entitled to 
rank as the representative of a distinct family. These peculiarities are chiefly 
internal. Among the most important is the presence of a gall-bladder to the liver, 
as in the Ox family, while the brain is much less convoluted than in other deer The 
absence of antlers in both sexes cannot, however, be taken as a character of more 
than generic importance, since the same feature occurs in the Chinese water-deer. 
The musk-deer is a somewhat clumsily built animal, standing about 20 inches 
