UNGULATES. 
402 
generally found near the banks of river and lakes, and its mode of life is said to be 
much like that of pigs. 
The water-chevrotain has but three premolar teeth in the lower jaw, but in 
the somewhat larger species found in the Pliocene and Miocene strata of Europe 
there were four of these teeth. The species occurring in the Pliocene of the Punjab 
was of still larger dimensions; and affords one more instance of the intimate 
connection existing between the Tertiary Mammalian fauna of India and that of 
Africa at the present day. 
In its separate metacarpal bones, the water-chevrotain makes a 
decided approach towards the pigs; and in the Tertiary deposits of 
Europe and North America there occur numerous small Ungulates, which appear 
to have connected the chevrotains with the deer. Such is Gelocus, from the lower 
Miocene of France, in which the middle metacarpal bones were separate, while the 
metatarsals were fused into a cannon-bone, which has been regarded as the common 
ancestor of the two families. Prodremotherium of the upper Eocene of France, 
has cannon-bones in both limbs; while in the American Hypertragidus both the 
metacarpals and metatarsals were separate. 
Extinct Forms. 
The Camels and Llamas. 
Family Camelidce. 
The camels of the Old World, and the llamas of the New, form, as already 
stated, a group of ruminating Ungulates distinguished widely both from the true 
SKELETON OF THE ARABIAN CAMEL. 
Ruminants and the chevrotains, and which probably have had a totally distinct 
origin from more primitive even-toed Ungulates. 
