43 6 
UNGULATES. 
Himalaya. In this monster the length of the skull was 23 inches, against 16 in 
an average-sized Indian wild pig, so that the height of the animal could not have 
been much less than that of a fair-sized mule. The same deposits have also yielded 
remains of an extinct species which did not exceed the living pigmy hog in point 
of size. Still more noteworthy are Falconer’s pig (S. falconeri) from the Siwalik 
Hills, and some allied species from the Pleistocene deposits of Southern India and 
Algeria, which, in the extreme complexity of the lower teeth, approximated to the 
under-mentioned wart-hogs. The Auvergne pig (S. arvernensis ) from the Pliocene 
of France, is believed, on the other hand, to be related to the African bush-pigs. 
In most of these extinct species the tusks of the boars, as already mentioned, 
were relatively small. 
The Babirusa. 
Genus Babirusa. 
The extraordinary development of the tusks in the males of the animal to 
which the Malays have given the name of Babirusa (meaning pig-deer) is so 
remarkable as to suggest at first sight the idea of a malformation. The babirusa 
(.Babirusa alfurus), which is an inhabitant of Celebes and Boru, and is the sole 
representative of its genus, has, indeed, derived its name from these abnormally- 
developed tusks, which have led the Malays to liken them to the antlers of 
the deer. In the boars, as is well exhibited in our figure of the skull, the 
upper tusks, while curving upwards like those of an ordinary wild pig, instead 
of protruding from the margins of the jaws, arise close together near the middle 
line of the face, and thence, after being directed upwards for a short distance, 
sweep backwards, frequently coming into contact with the surface of the forehead, 
and are then finally directed forwards at the tip. The lower tusks have the same 
upwards-and-backwards direction as those of the upper jaw, but are frequently 
less strongly curved, although in other cases the direction of their sweep is not 
very different from that of the latter. Both pairs of tusks are quite devoid of 
enamel, and, as there is no abrasion of the one pair against the other, both grow 
uninterruptedly; the upper tusks occasionally attaining a length of 14| inches, we 
believe, exclusive of the portion buried in the socket. In addition to the peculiar 
conformation of its tusks, the babirusa differs from ordinary pigs in the diminished 
number of its teeth, of which the total is oidy thirty-four; the missing teeth 
comprising the outermost incisors and the first two premolars on each side of both 
the upper and lower jaws. The molar teeth are characterised by their simple 
structure and the small development of the third lobe of the last one in each 
jaw. 
The babirusa has a nearly naked skin of a dark ashy grey colour, sparsely covered 
with hair along the line of the back, and thrown into numerous wrinkles. The 
ears are small, the tail is short and devoid of a terminal tuft, and the back is much 
arched. The female has small tusks, and only a single pair of teats. The height 
at the middle of the back is about 42 inches. The young, of which there are either 
one or two at a birth, are devoid of stripes. 
