44° 
UNGULATES. 
and these small caps are worn away at an early period. They curve in an upward 
and inward direction, and sometimes project as much as 8f inches from the jaw, 
having a basal girth of 5 inches. The shorter and more slender lower tusks have a 
nearly similar curvature, and are coated throughout with enamel. 
The tusks are not, however, the only peculiarity in the dentition of the wart- 
hogs. In young animals there are thirty-four teeth, namely, one pair of upper and 
three pairs of lower incisors, a pair of tusks in each jaw, and six cheek-teeth on each 
side of the upper, and five in the lower jaw. In the adult, the incisors and anterior 
cheek-teeth tend, however, to disappear, till in some instances the tusks and the 
last molars alone remain, thus leaving a total of eight teeth. This paucity in the 
number of cheek-teeth is compensated, however, by the enormous size and complex 
structure of the single molar remaining in each jaw. The tooth in question is 
composed of a number of small elongated cylindrical denticules, closely packed 
together; its total length from back to front, being something over 2 inches, and 
its height proportionately great, although its width is small. This is, however, only 
an extreme development of the structure already referred to as occurring in certain 
extinct species of the genus Sws; and in possessing such a single tooth on each 
side of the jaws in the adult condition, the wart-hogs may be compared to the 
elephants. 
The body in these animals is massive and nearly cylindrical, the ears are small 
and sharply-pointed, the tail is long and tufted at the tip, and the neck and back 
are furnished with a mane of long bristly hair, the rest of the body being nearly 
naked. The young are uniformly coloured. 
Of the two species, ^Elian’s wart-hog (Phacochoerus africanus) (figured on 
p. 439) is distributed over a large part of the eastern side of Africa, ranging as far 
north as Abyssinia, On the 
other hand, Pallas’s wart- 
hog (P. pallasi), of which 
the head is here figured, is 
confined to South-Eastern 
Africa. Both species stand 
about 27 \ inches at the 
shoulder. The second is 
distinguished from the first 
species by its shorter head, 
which is more convex be¬ 
tween the eyes; and it has 
also the warts below the 
latter very long and pen¬ 
dent, instead of projecting 
outwards, while the tusks are more inclined outwards. The mane is also wider 
and shorter, and there is a greater development of hair on the top of the 
head and the ears. It has also been considered that it is only this species in 
which all the teeth, except the tusks and last molars are habitually shed, but 
this is doubtful. The colour of Pallas’s wart-hog is redder than that of its 
northern relative. 
HEAD OF PALLAS’S WART-HOG. 
(From Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869.) 
