472 
UNGULATES. 
Mr. JBlanford considers that from 4 feet to 4j feet will represent about the 
average height at the shoulder. In the above-mentioned specimen the height at 
the shoulder was 4 feet 4 inches, and the length from the tip of the snout to the 
root of the tail 8 feet; the weight of the animal being about 2000 lbs. On the 
other hand, in an adult female from the Malay Peninsula, the shoulder-height was 
only 3 feet 8 inches. There is also great variation in regard to the length of the 
horns, the hinder one being in some cases reduced to an almost invisible knob. 
Mr. E. Bartlett gives the following particulars of Bornean specimens. In one 
example the front horn was 4| and the second 2 inches in length; in a second, 
while the front horn measured 5 inches, the hind one was a mere knob; and in a 
third, the front horn had a length of 19 inches with a girth of 16 inches, the 
second horn being fairly developed, although not more than about 3 inches in 
height. A single specimen of a front horn had a length of 11 inches, with a basal 
girth of 111 inches; but the maximum recorded length is upwards of 32 inches 
along the curve. 
The molar teeth of this species are almost indistinguishable from 
Habits. 1 ° 
those of the Javan rhinoceros, and as its habits appear to be very 
much the same as those of the latter, the diet of the two is probably also similar. 
The Sumatran rhinoceros inhabits hilly forest-districts, and it has been observed 
in Tenasserim at an elevation of four thousand feet above the sea. It is a good 
swimmer, and is reported to have been seen swimming in the sea in the Mergui 
Archipelago. Although shy and timid in the wild state, in captivity it soon 
becomes tame. 
Mr. E. Bartlett states that in Borneo the dyaks are very partial to the flesh of 
this species as an article of diet. And he adds that the kyans—a race very 
distinct from the dyaks—procure the horns for barter, for which they receive a 
high price from the Chinese, who import them to China for medicine. The horns 
are ground into powder for some diseases, while others are cut into minute 
fragments to carry about the person. The same writer further states that this 
rhinoceros is becoming extremely rare in the province of Sarawak, on account 
of the value set upon its horns, but in Central and North Borneo in the very old 
jungle it is more plentiful. 
In 1872 a Sumatran rhinoceros, recently imported into London, gave birth to 
a calf; and this event afforded Mr. A. I). Bartlett data for considering that the 
period of gestation was a little over seven months. This however, as Mr. Blanford 
points out, seems a very short period for such a large animal, and contrasts very 
markedly with the length of time assigned by Hodgson to the great Indian 
rhinoceros. 
Allied Extinct No fossil species allied to the Sumatran rhinoceros has hitherto 
Species. been obtained from the Tertiary deposits of India, whence we may 
conclude that the latter is probably a comparatively recent immigrant into North- 
Eastern India. Schleiermacher’s rhinoceros ( R. schleiermacheri ) of the Miocene 
and lower Pliocene deposits of France and Germany appears, however, to have 
been very closely allied to the Sumatran species; and thus affords, in common 
with some other fossil mammals, evidence of an eastward migration of types 
formerly inhabiting Western Europe. 
