RHINOCEROSES. 
475 
Size of Horns. 
Blanford, the length of the tip of the snout to the end of the tail measured along 
the curves was 6 feet 9 inches, of which 1 foot 94 inches was occupied by the tail, 
and the height at the shoulder 4 feet 8| inches. These dimensions are, however, 
exceeded by males, which, according to Sir S. Baker, may stand from 5 feet 6 
inches to 5 feet 8 inches at the shoulder. 
The proportions of the two horns to one another vary greatly, the front one 
being in some cases much longer than the hinder, while in others the two are 
nearly or quite equal, and, more rarely, the second horn may be the longer of the 
two. The native name boreli is applied to those individuals in which the second 
horn is the shorter, while keitloa is restricted to such as have horns of equal 
length, or the second longer than the first. Mr. Selous has shown that there is a 
complete transition from the one to the other type, and consequently that such 
differences cannot have any specific value. 
In regard to the length attained by the horns of this species, it 
appears that in Abyssinia and other parts of North-East Africa, from 
Sir S. Baker’s experience, the front horn rarely or never exceeds 23 or 24 inches, 
but much larger dimensions are recorded in South and East African specimens. 
Thus examples of the front horn are described as measuring 44, 43, 41, 40, and 381- 
inches in length; but with the exception of the last, in which its length is 21 
inches, in none of these examples are the dimensions of the second horn recorded. 
In one specimen the length of the first and second horns were respectively 31 and 
194 inches, in another 28f and 15^, in a third 28J and 8§, in a fourth 27 and 16^, 
in a fifth 21^ and 18f, and in a sixth 14f and 14f inches. The front horn is 
generally nearly circular in section and slightly curved backwards, while the second 
is nearly straight, much compressed, and with its hinder edge often sharper than 
the front one. Sir J. Willoughby killed in East Africa an example of this rhinoceros 
having a small rudimental third horn behind the normal pair. 
In Abyssinia Mr. Blanford states that this rhinoceros is confined 
to the lower elevations, not ascending above some five thousand feet. 
In the valley of the Anseba he writes that it “ inhabits the dense thickets on the 
bank of the stream, which are intersected in all directions by the paths made by 
these animals. In the densest parts, where roots and stems render the jungle 
almost impervious, there are places known by the inhabitants as rhinoceros-houses. 
The stems and branches have generally been broken away or pushed back, so as to 
leave a clear space, about fifteen or twenty feet in diameter, at the bottom of which 
the ground has been worn into a hollow by the trampling and rolling of the animal 
in wet weather. These houses are used as retreats during the heat of the day. On 
two or three occasions we disturbed a rhinoceros from one of these, and he rushed 
off with much noise and loud snorts through the bushes. So far as we could learn 
from our observations, these animals enter the thick jungle early in the morning 
and rest until one or two o’clock in the day, then they leave their thickets and go 
out to feed, usually remaining, however, amongst high bushes. At the time of year 
in which we visited the country, rain generally set in in the afternoon, and, even if 
it did not rain, the sky was overcast. In the clear weather the rhinoceroses are 
said never to appear before evening. They are great browsers, feeding chiefly on 
the young shoots and branches of acacia and other trees, or on fruits; so far as I 
Habits. 
