464 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. VII, No. 11 
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society and again in his “Farm In¬ 
sects” (6, p. 289). While there are minor points in Curtis’s description 
and figures which seem to disagree, as a whole they apply quite well for 
M. granarium auct., and it is reasonably certain that he had this spe¬ 
cies before him when he made his description. 
In 1843 Kaltenbach (2, p. 16) described Aphis cerealis. Pergande 
(11, p. 13-23) considered this to be distinct from M. granarium , basing 
his opinion largely on the presence or absence of abdominal macula- 
tions. However, this character is unreliable, as has been proved in 
breeding experiments where individuals showing all degrees of abdom¬ 
inal markings and some without the faintest trace of maculations were 
reared from the same mother. Most European authors now consider the 
two species M. granarium and A . cerealis as synonyms, and on inquiry 
the following replies have been received from the respective eminent 
European aphidologists. Under date of February 15, 1913, Prof. Feed 
W. Theobald writes: “I look upon cerealis and granarium as the same. 
I can see no difference.” Under date of January 17, 1913, Mr. P. van 
der Goot writes as follows: “M. granarium and M. cerealis I must con¬ 
sider as one species.” Dr. G. del Guercio has the following to say in a 
letter dated December 13, 1911: 
I have examined the specimens of Macrosiphum or Siphonopkora granariae. They 
show some differences on which it may be possible for ns to distinguish certain forms, 
which, however, as far as I am concerned, could never be considered varieties, let 
alone species. Fundamentally the Siph. granariae there (in America) is the Siph. 
cerealis here, and both in fact, secondary differences aside, are the same species. 
Your specimens have the antennae a little longer than the body, while in our forms, 
at least those of Italy and of the European basin of the Mediterranean, the antennae 
are shorter than the body. Buckton [7, p. 114-119, pi. 6], in his first volume, gives a 
good representation of Siphonopkora granariae . (Free translation from the Italian.) 
In 1849 Walker (4, p. 45-46) described this species as Aphis avenae 
Fab. The species was transferred to the genus Siphonophora by Koch 
(5, p. 186-187) in 1857, to Nectarophora by Oestlund (8, p. 82) in 1887, 
and finally to the genus Macrosiphum by Schouteden (10, p. 113-117) 
in 1901. In 1905 Kirkaldy (12, p. 132) proposed the name M. aveni- 
vorum for M. granaria Buckton, nec Kirby, and this must now be con¬ 
sidered a synonym of M . granarium. 
The synonymy as it now stands is as follows: 
Macrosiphum granarium Kirby. 
Aphis granaria Kirby, 1798, in Trans. Ihm. Soc. [London], v. 4, p. 238. 
t Aphis hordei Kyber, 1815, in Mag. Eat. [Germar], 1798, in v. 1, pt. 2, p. 211, nomen nudum. 
Aphis cerealis, Kaltenb., 1843, Monog. Fam. Pflanzenlause, p. 16. 
Aphis granaria Curtis, 1845?, i860. Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc., England, v. 6, p. 504; Farm Insects, p. 289. 
Aphis avenae Walker (nec Fab.), 1849, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., s. 2, v. 3. P- 4S“46. 
Bromaphis Amyot, 1847, in Ann. Soc. Ent. France, s. 2, v. 5. P- 479 - 
Siphonophora cerealis Koch, 1857, Monog. Pflanzenlause, p. 186-187. 
Siphonophora granaria Buckton, 1876, Monog. Brit. Aphides, v. 1, p. 114-119, pi. 6. 
Nectarophora granaria Oestl., 1887, in Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Minn. Bui. 4, p. 82. 
Macrosiphum granarium Schout., 1901, in Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., t. 45, p. 113-117. 
Macrosiphum avenivorum Kirkaldy, 1905, in Entomologist, v. 38, p. 132. 
