62 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. VIII, No. 3 
CLASS III 
Susquehanna clay. —This soil to a depth of 3 to 6 inches is a stiff, 
red, sandy clay. The subsoil to a depth of 3 feet or more is a bright- 
red or yellowish heavy clay mottled with lighter colors. The subsoil is 
very impervious and the type as a whole does not retain moisture. 
The type is usually regarded as having a rather low agricultural value. 
Cecil clay loam. —The surface soil is a bright-red, reddish gray, or 
reddish brown sandy clay loam 5 to 12 inches deep. The subsoil is a 
heavy, red, friable clay to a depth of 3 feet or more. Mica flakes and 
sharp fragments of quartz are found throughout the subsoil. This type 
is residual, being derived by weathering from gneiss and granite. The 
topography is rolling and the drainage is good. This is a valuable soil 
for general-farming purposes. 
ColTs-nECK loam. —The soil of this type is a brownish red to reddish 
brown loam 8 to 10 inches deep. The subsoil is a dull-red clay loam 
which grades into a moderately friable and somewhat sandy clay. The 
type occupies round knolls. Ferruginous rock of reddish color is com¬ 
mon in the substratum. Colts-neck loam is Collington loam in an 
advanced stage of oxidation. 
Mecklenburg clay loam. —The soil to a depth of 8 inches is a 
reddish brown to red day loam. The subsoil is a yellowish brown or 
yellow, stiff, plastic clay. At 18 to 24 inches the partially decomposed 
parent rock is encountered. Iron concretions occur on the surface. 
The topography varies from undulating to rolling. Surface drainage is 
usually good. This type is residual soil derived from the diorite and 
gabbro principally. This is one of the best soils in the Piedmont, and 
good crops of cotton, wheat, and com are secured. Of late years it has 
become noted as an alfalfa soil. 
CLASS IV 
Grundy silt loam. —The soil of this type is a slate loam ranging in 
color from dark brown to black, but this is underlain at about 8 inches 
by light-gray or ashy-gray silt loam. This light-gray layer gradually 
becomes heavier in texture downward. At 18 inches it is underlain by 
a dark-brown or dark-drab, heavy, tenacious clay, mottled with yel¬ 
lowish brown spots. At 24 inches it becomes more silty and assumes a 
drab or light-gray appearance. The type occupies almost level to 
gently rolling areas. It is derived by weathering from silty or silty 
clay layers overlying a coarser drift sheet. The soil is very productive, 
and large yields of com, wheat, and oats are secured. 
Chariton silt loam. —This soil is a dark-brown silt loam which 
becomes heavy in texture with depth. At 8 inches mottlings of lighter 
gray begin which increase until the soil is a light ashy-gray color. This 
is underlain at depths of 8 to 15 inches by a dark-gray or dark brownish 
gray clay mottled with yellow. Below 26 inches the mottling becomes 
