142 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. VIII, No. 4 
perature and was distributed to the different boxes according to the 
cooling required, only a small amount of heating was necessary to main¬ 
tain the desired temperature in the inner boxes, two 6o-watt electric 
lamps being sufficient in any one box. These lamps were thrown on and 
off by means of ordinary telegraphic relays operated by mercury regu¬ 
lators. The lamps were placed in the duct that carried the air across 
the inner box, thus preventing local heating and also the access of light 
to the fruit. 
The apparatus as described gave very satisfactory results. The circu¬ 
lation of the air was sufficient to maintain uniform temperatures through¬ 
out the box and the regulation sufficiently delicate to secure practically 
straight lines on the thermograph charts. The use of the inner box and 
the double circulation of air made it possible to maintain higher humidities 
than could have been done if the air that circulated over the fruit had 
been exposed to the drying effects of the brine pipes. 
In the 5 0 compartment no inner box was used; and although the air 
was stirred with a blower fan, the top of the box was about one degree 
wanner than the bottom. The temperature was regulated as with the 
other boxes and the lamps were inclosed so as to prevent lighting the 
compartment. 
For obtaining the 30° temperature mentioned in the experiments, an 
ordinary water-jacket incubator with electric heater was used. The air 
was not stirred and was about a half degree too warm in the top of the 
chamber and a half degree too cold in the bottom. 
FUNGI 
The following fungi were used in the experiments: Alternaria sp., 
Botrytis cinerea , Cephalothecium roseum , Fusarium radicicola Wollenw., 
Glomerella cingulata (Atk.) S. and S., Neofabraea malicorticis (Cord.) 
Jackson, Penicillium expansum (Lk.) Thom, Pestalozzia funerea Desm., 
Sclerotinia cinerea (Bon) Schroeter, Sphaeropsis malorum , Trichoderma 
sp., and Volutella fructi S. and H. 
They were obtained from decayed fruit collected in various parts of 
the United States, and were selected as the most virulent organisms 
from a much larger number that were found capable of producing 
more or less decay on ripe pome fruits. Each fungus was tried on 
various culture media to find a substance upon which it would make a 
good growth and good spore production. Most of the fungi were kept 
in culture on corn-meal agar. Fusarium radicicola was usually grown 
on potato agar and Penicillium expansum on either apple or potato agar. 
Only cultures that appeared to be in a vigorous condition were used. 
The inoculations were in most cases made with spores, but with fungi 
such as Sphaeropsis malorum that did not fruit readily in culture, 
mycelium was sometimes used. So far as observed, no contrasts were 
seen between the results with spore inoculations and those with mycelium. 
