152 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. VIII, No. 4 
means of needle punctures. A like number of each variety of apples 
were allowed to stand for a few minutes in water that had been 
abundantly inoculated with spores or mycelium from cultures of the 
particular fungus. The fruit was thus well covered with possible sources 
of infection. The treated apples were divided into two lots, placed in 
paper bags, and packed in the middle of barrels with other apples 
around them. Half of the apples were taken immediately to cold storage, 
while the other half were kept in the laboratory for one week and then 
taken to cold storage. They were removed from storage on February 
28, and notes were taken immediately. The results are given in 
Table III. 
Table III .—Results of the development of rot on Arkansas and York Imperial apples 
in commercial cold storage. Inoculations made on October ig; notes taken on Feb¬ 
ruary 28 
Fungus. 
Average diameter of rot (in millimeters). 
Inoculated by puncture. 
Washed in spore suspensions. 
Immediate 
storage. 
Storage delayed 
7 days. 
Immediate 
storage. 
Storage delayed 
7 days. 
Ar¬ 
kan¬ 
sas. 
York 
Impe¬ 
rial. 
Ar¬ 
kan¬ 
sas. 
York 
Impe¬ 
rial. 
Ar¬ 
kan¬ 
sas. 
York 
Impe¬ 
rial. 
Ar¬ 
kan¬ 
sas. 
York 
Impe¬ 
rial. 
Alternaria sp. 399. 
O 
0 
6 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Alternaria sp. 365. 
O 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Aspergillus niger . 
O 
0 
23 
20 
O 
0 
0 
0 
Botrytis cinerea . 
O 
0 
0 
O 
O 
0 
0 
0 
Cephalothecium roseum . 
6 
7 
8 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fusarium radicicola . 
0 
0 
7 
35 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Glomerella cingulata . 
0 
0 
9 
21 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mucor stolonifer . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
(a) 
Neofabraea malicorticis . 
12 
15 
12 
18 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Penicillium expansum . 
0 
0 
3 
57 
0 
0 
( b ) 
0 
Sphaeropsis malorum . 
5 
16 
25 
26 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Sclerotinia cinerea . 
75 
72 
75 
75 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Volutella fructi . 
0 
0 
6 
7 
0 
0 
0 
0 
a One 45, others o. One 75, others o. 
The contrasts between immediate and delayed storage are quite 
striking. The species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Glomerella, Volutella, 
Altemaria, and Penicillium produced no rot when the fruit was imme¬ 
diately stored at o°; while, when storage was delayed for seven days, all 
produced more or less decay. With the first three of these probably all 
or nearly all of the rot was produced before the fruit was cooled. This 
may have been true also of Alternaria sp. and Volutella fructi , but could 
not have been the case with Penicillium expansum on York Imperial 
apples, as the experiments already reported show that it is not able to 
produce rots 57 mm. in diameter in one week. The fact that such an 
important storage-rot as P. expansum failed to start when placed at o° 
