3°8 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. VIII, No. 8 
judging from the absence of symptoms in the foliage for several weeks 
after the trunks were treated. Owing to the dark color and firm texture, 
the heavy bark does not show externally the injury that is taking place 
until long after the tissues are dead; and it seemed undesirable to disturb 
the experiments by cutting into the bark until there was other evidence 
that injury had taken place. 
Table VIII .—Results of treating the unwounded trunks of apple trees with cfifferent 
chemicals applied on July 12, 1912, to show injury through rough bark 
Chemical, 
Injury 2>2 months after treatment . a 
Sodium arsenite, 
Merck, 10 gm. 
.do. 
Bark dead for 8 to 12 inches above 
funnel. Nearly half the leaves 
killed. Bark and wood of branches 
not discolored. 
Bark above funnel nearly all sound. 
Streak runs up 2 feet. About half 
the leaves killed and many of the 
remainder spotted. 
Two streaks run up trunk about 1 
foot. No leaves killed or spotted. 
About half the fruit softening and 
streaked throughout with brown. 
No untreated trees have fruit in 
this condition. 
No dead bark above funnel. Other¬ 
wise like No. 3. 
Arsenic trioxid, Bak¬ 
er, 500 gm. 
.do. 
Copper aceto arsenite. 
Baker, 500 gm. 
No dead bark above funnel. Fruit 
softened and streaked like No. 3. 
.....do. 
No visible injury to bark, leaves, or 
fruit. 
Bark sound above bandage. Fruit 
softened and discolored like No. 3. 
No visible injury to bark, leaves, or 
fruit. 
No visible injury. 
Lead arsenate, tri- 
plumbic, Baker, 500 
gm. 
.do. 
Water only (control).. 
Injury 8 l A months after treatment. 
Tree dead throughout. Bark dark 
and friable below and under fun- 
, nels, especially around the crowns 
where covered by earth. 
Do. 
Trunk girdled under funnel. Streak 
runs up 6 inches. Bark dead below 
funnel to the roots. Rather dark 
colored and friable. 
Trunk girdled under funnel. Streak 
runs up 2 feet. Otherwise like 
No. 3. 
Trunk girdled under funnel and ir¬ 
regular patch of dead bark extends 
several inches above. Bark below 
funnel killed on one side of trunk to 
roots. Below ground it is dark red¬ 
dish brown and friable. 
Trunk girdled under funnel. Wide 
streak on one side ex tends from fun¬ 
nel nearly to ground. 
Funnels left for later notes (see first 
paragraph following this table. 
Do. 
No injury of any kind. 
a When these first notes were taken, the funnels werenot removed and the injury below the funnels could 
not be traced externally. When the last notes were taken the funnels were removed and the trees cut up. 
It will be noted from the table that No. 7 and 8, the two trees treated 
with lead arsenate, were not disturbed at the time the notes were taken, 
8X months after treatment. It was desired to ascertain whether or not 
the injury would continue, these two being the only trees not girdled and 
therefore the only ones we could hope would survive. One of these trees, 
No. 7, was removed from the orchard through a misunderstanding before 
final notes were taken. The other, No. 8, showed no injury externally 
on October 28,1914, 2 % years after treatment. On removing the funnel 
and cutting into the bark on that date, however, a dead spot was found 
under the bandage from which a streak ran down to the roots. 
It is worthy of note that in these cases where the absorption was slow 
the visible injury was not always continuous as where the absorption was 
rapid through a wound. Most of the bark and sapwood between the 
funnel and the discolored leaves in No. 1 and 2, 2 % months after treat¬ 
ment, was normal in appearance, and in No. 3,4, and 7 most of the bark 
and sapwood was not discolored months after treatment, although the 
fruit had shown injury the previous September. 
