SAILING VESSELS: 
(a) A full-rigged ship has usually three masts, on all of 
which are square sails. 
(b) A bark has three or four masts, all square-rigged except 
the after or mizzenmast, which is fore-and-aft rigged. 
(c) A barkentine has three masts, the foremast square- 
rigged, the other two fore-and-aft rigged. 
(d) A brig has two masts, both square-rigged. 
(e) A brigantine has two masts, square-rigged except for 
a fore-and-aft mainsail. 
(f) A schooner has two or more masts, with fore-and-aft 
sails. 
(g) A sloop has a single mast, fore-and-aft rigged. 
SCREW: The ship's propeller. 
SCUPPERS: Drains from the edge of a deck, discharging overboard. 
SEXTANT: An instrument for measuring angular distance, used in 
ascertaining the ship's position by taking the altitude of heav¬ 
enly bodies. 
SHAFT: Long, round, heavy forging, connecting engine and 
propeller. 
SOUNDINGS: Means of measuring the depth of the water by 
dropping a lead. 
SPAR: A round timber for extending a sail; a mast, a yard or a 
boom. 
SPRING TIDE: High tide caused by the sun and moon being on 
Meridian together, or in opposition. 
STARBOARD: The right side of a ship. French, tribord. 
STEM: A nearly upright timber or metal piece constituting the 
forward member of a vessel's hull; the bow. 
STERN: The rear end of a vessel. 
TAFFRAIL: A rail around a vessel's stern; the upper part of a ves¬ 
sel's stern. 
TENDER: As applied to ocean travel, a small steamer for meeting 
ships in ports and taking off or putting on passengers. 
THWARTSHIP: Crosswise to the ship. 
WEATHERSIDE, WINDWARD: Side of vessel toward the wind. 
WINCH: A small hoisting engine. 
YARDS: Spars set crosswise of a mast and used to support square- 
sails. 
