24 
Provided, that, if such stay is protracted be¬ 
yond the period of two years, it shall be pre¬ 
sumed to be permanent, in the absence of 
sufficient evidence showing that return to the 
territory of the other country will take place 
within a short time. 
36. PORTUGAL. All physically able male 
Portuguese citizens are liable to military serv¬ 
ice from their twentieth until their forty-fifth 
year (in time of war, from their seventeenth 
to their forty-fifth year), active service lasting 
10 years, reserve 10, and service with terri¬ 
torial troops 5 years. Actual service in the 
army varies according to the branch of the 
service but is usually for a period of one year. 
All Portuguese citizens who for any reason fail 
to render military service, are obliged to pay a 
military tax, the amount of which varies ac¬ 
cording to the income of the person subject to 
the tax. Enrollment as a recruit usually takes 
place in the month of January of the twentieth 
year of the citizen, who must appear for mili¬ 
tary service in the following November. 
The treaty of naturalization in force between 
the United States and Portugal provides that 
Portuguese citizens who have become citizens of 
the United States shall be recognized as such 
upon their return to Portuguese dominions if 
they have resided in the United States five 
years. But a naturalized American of Por¬ 
tuguese birth is liable to trial and punishment 
upon return to Portuguese dominions for an 
offense against Portuguese laws committed be¬ 
25 
fore the emigration, but not for the emigra¬ 
tion itself, saving always the limitations of the 
laws of Portugal. Thus if a Portuguese citi¬ 
zen emigrated after he was enrolled as a re¬ 
cruit, either in the active or reserve army, his 
parents or grandparents are liable, in his ab¬ 
sence, to pay the military tax in double (which 
varies according to the income of the person 
subject.to the tax) or, if apprehended in Por¬ 
tuguese dominions, he is subject to a period of 
two years’ service in the active army. 
37. SWEDEN. Subjects of Sweden are liable 
to performance of military duty in and after 
the calendar year in which they reach their 
twenty-first year. 
A person born in the United States of a Swed¬ 
ish father and domiciled in Sweden is a Swedish 
subject according to Swedish law and may be 
required to perform military service after two 
years’ residence in Sweden and upon attaining 
the age when Swedish subjects become liable 
to military service. 
Under the naturalization treaty between the 
United States and Sweden and Norway a nat¬ 
uralized citizen of the United States formerly 
a subject of Sweden is recognized as an Ameri¬ 
can citizen upon his return to the country of 
his origin. He is liable, however, to punish¬ 
ment for an offense against the laws of Sweden 
committed before his emigration, saving always 
the limitations and remissions established by 
those laws. Emigration itself is not an offense, 
