colonics that give on© swarm must perish 
the eighth year, a great part o* them, and 
those that give two swarms must, most of 
them, perish the fourth year. 
There will be a greater or less number 
perish, according to the excess of the colo¬ 
nies over the capacity of the field. The fifth 
year gives thirty-two colonies in the first 
class, two more than the supposed supply. 
The operation will be, some of th© strongest 
colonics will give some surplus ; but a num¬ 
ber of the weakest colonies must be fed or 
Btarve to death. If we suppose the field to 
sustain <»uc hundred colonies, the colonies 
giving one swarm must reach u starving 
point in seven years ; and those giving two 
swarms each, in five years. Famine is at¬ 
tended with, or followed by, other diseases. 
Some of the combs arc all daubed up with 
fasces ; but the real cause of failure was lack 
of food. How much better to use hives that, 
from the abundant room given, have not the 
disposition to swarm, but will give from one 
hundred to two hundred pounds of surplus. 
than those from which ale has been made. 
The price is reckoned at per quarter (which 
is eight bushels) and is less than half the price 
in the United States. For cows, those not 
eaten the day they are fetched from the 
brewery are put in large vats or anywhere 
where they can be trodden down hard and 
a little salt mixed with them, and they keep 
well in this way, to be dug out with shovel 
or otherwise. Horses get very fat with 
plenty of good feed mixed with grains ; they 
cause a sharper appetite and promote health, 
Barclay & Perkins’ dray horses are the 
finest in the world. 
A Working Farmer. 
‘‘JOINT STOCK FARMING 
NOTES FOR HORSEMEN 
In reading the Rural New-Yorker of the 
7th of February, page 06, I felt particularly 
interested in an article which, in its closing 
sentence, says, “ We commend this subject 
to the attention of our agricultural readers.” 
“This is attracting attention and causing 
discussion in England.” Probably no more 
so than in some other countries. Is this dis¬ 
cussion caused by a legitimate or a fictitious 
demand for co-operation ? If it stands on a 
scientific basis, it is legitimate; therefore 
will prevail. But if it is founded on a ficti¬ 
tious basis it will prove an abortion. Is “the 
association of men and women in such in¬ 
dustrial communities as the Oneida and 
Shaker and other semi-religious communi¬ 
ties an index of the possibility which the as¬ 
sociation of capital and it3 intelligent direc¬ 
tion in agriculture may result iu ?’ Is it 
trueth't there is strength in union ? Is it 
true that in the multitude of counselors 
there is safety? Ii it not true that intelligent 
men have one particular tact for doing oie 
and only one kind of business successfully? 
Each man, in order to bo successful in his 
business, must act in accordance with the 
promptings of his predominating faculty for 
doing business. Hence we see very many 
intelligent men, who, by mistaking their 
calling, or who are unable to establish them¬ 
selves in the business they are qualified to 
lo, are unable to secure th© comforts of life. 
But on the other hand, let one hundred of 
.he poorest class earnestly enter into heart, 
become ri;h and 
Daily Feed of a Horse. —The Maine Farm¬ 
er says:—A “A Young Farmer” gives us 
his manner of feeding a horse that is doing 
no other work than the general driving. In 
t’ e morning his first feed is one quart of 
oats, after which he has six pounds of cut 
hay and Ls then watered ; at noon he is first 
watered ami is then f**d eight pounds of cut 
hay; at night he Is watered, given one quart 
of oats and six pounds of cut hay. This 
makes a daily allowance of twenty pounds 
of lmy and two quarts of oats, which, with 
hay at §20 and oats at 70c., will cost 24%c. 
He has sail iu his crib and is given a dose oi 
salt and ash as once a week; once a week 
alRo he has a quart of finely-cut carrots. If 
the horse works, the quantity of the oats is 
double 1, Our correspondent says Show us 
your better or cdieaper methods of feeding. 
Wants to Know How to Tell When a 
Mare is in Foal. — P ease let mu know, 
through the Rural New-Yoiucer, the best 
and most reliable way to tell when a mare is 
with colt. I have a fine “ Messenger” mare 
from which 1 should like to have a colt. She 
was w-ith the stallion on the 22d of July last, 
but I cannot see any symptoms of her being 
with coit, more than thut she seems to be 
more irritable than formerly when other 
Imr es are about, and appears to be heavier 
in her body than her condition would other 
wise indicate. Any ono giving me reliable 
information, will much oblige.—M. D., Derry 
Church, Dauphin Co., Fa. 
Hone with Swollen Limb. —Last Septem¬ 
ber ahorse of mine came from the pasture 
with one of Ids legs badly swollen — as large 
as two le/a —with gluey-looking water oozing 
out all over his leg. The swelling has gone 
down con».i .erably, but never wholly yet. 1 
use him. It don’t seem to hurt him, except 
in stepping over a log or a fence. He eats 
well and does pood work, but looks bad. 
Some have thought it caused by a snake bite. 
Can any of your renders give me infoimation 
that will help mo to cure him f —W. . Wade. 
Thnnthy Bloom Qlviny Hornes Heaves.— 
What next ? Mouldy hay will help to pro¬ 
duce heaves, but almost all diseases of the 
wind in horses is hereditary. I have bred 
horses largely, and have had knowledge of a 
great deal of breeding in England, and have 
known numerous oases of mares having colts 
by d fie re tit horses, all of which have been 
“ ro uvrs,” or broken-winded, at some time 
during their existence. All hay should be 
made from grass in bloom. — A WORKING 
Farmer. 
Determining the Age of Horses. — An 
Illinois farmer is said to determine the age oi 
all animals over nine years old by the i'ol- 
lowi.ig novel method :—After the horse is 
nine years old a wrinkle comes on the upper 
corner of the lower lid, and every year there 
after he has one well-dcfiued wrinkle for 
ever year over nine, If, for instance, a horse 
has three wrinkles, ho is twelve, if he has 
four, he is thirteen. Add the number of 
,,j inkies to nine and you will get it. 
Anoth r Large, Coll, is owned by Chas. A. 
French, Kennebec Co., Me., which he de¬ 
scribes as a “Knox staliion colt, one year 
old June 11, 1873; stands 15 % hands high, 
measures 20 iuohes around the forearm, and 
weighs 880 pounds.” 
A SWILL CART 
For the benefit of C. G. 8., who asks, 
“ Will some of vour readers give directions 
for making a convenient swill cart ?” We 
herewith give illustrations of an approved 
DO BEES INJURE FRUIT? 
Having just perused the article with the 
above title in Rural New Yorker, March 
21, permit me to say that whenever “ Argus” 
cares to lay aside the pseudonym and file his 
opinions under his real name, it will give me 
great pleasure to consider whatever argu¬ 
ments he may bring forth. Time is too pre¬ 
cious to waste iu argument with mythical 
personages. The possession of “youthful 
zeal” is a sin that has been charged to me 
for at least twelve years, and doubtless will 
be should I live yet forty more. Opinions 
co-operation and they soon 
able to secure all the comforts and conven¬ 
iences that are attainable. Call on Shakers 
for proof. The ono hundred inferior men, 
each having hut one talent, organized into 
one body, make cne whole big man, capable 
of transacting all the business in a skillful 
way that needs to be done. Is there not a 
reliable source from which may be obtained 
i true knowledge of the legitimate needs of 
life ? Does not science establish the fact 
that man is a social being, and that he is de¬ 
pendent on social relations for convenience, 
comfort and happiness ? Does it. not prove 
that man, who is in the image of GOD, alter 
his likeness, is composed of unselfish facul¬ 
ties of mind? The sayings of Jesus, "Lay 
not up for yourselves treasures upon earth; 
ye cannot serve God and mammon in har¬ 
mony with the principles of rational life, 
which is unlimitedly reciprocal and fully 
in the exercise of that charity or love 
which seeketli not his own but the common 
good of all living.” If we accept J ksus as u 
teacher and an example, we most assuredly 
are under the necessity of laying aside en¬ 
tirely personal interest. Happiness is the 
fruit of rational life, which, in its natural 
condition, is pure love. N. P. Stearns, 
Fig. 2. 
emptying it. Fig. 3 shows the form and 
mode of supporting the tub or barrel which 
contains the swill in the cart. Fig. 4 showi 
the manner in which the forward part of 
CLOTH COVERS FOR COLD FRAMES 
Fig. 3, Fig. 4. 
the frame is attached to and supported by 
the axle of the cart. Every swine-herd will 
see its a Ivautages and uses w ithout furthei 
description. 
usbandra 
between that and u het-bed by using less 
manure than we do in March. After being 
well foikcd over, it was made into a bed 
fourteen feet in length by five in width, and 
about two feet above the ground. On this 
our frame, twelve loot by three, was set, 
and a compost made of six parts of rich gar¬ 
den soil, one of leaf mold, and one of very 
old manure mixed with a little sand, was 
filled iu to the depth of eight inches. Three 
narrow boards, nailed across the top of the 
frame, divided it into four sections, and be¬ 
neath one of these a wider board was fitted 
in, making a separate compartment for deli¬ 
cate. plants that needed little exposure at 
iii-st to sail and air. 
For the covers we had in readiness four 
frames, each a yard square, made of two- 
inch boards nicely joined at the corners, and 
strengthened by a cross piece through the 
center. Heavy sheeting, yard wide, was 
Btretehed tightly over them and fastened 
with carpet tacks, while two coats of a thin 
mixture of linseed oil and whiting made 
them tight enough to shed rain. Loops of 
stout twine, dipped over large nails outlie 
euds aud sides of the cold 1'nune, held the 
covers in place when closed; but we think it 
would be an improvement to have the cloth 
wide enough to come over the frame two 
inches, so as to exclude the air on cold days 
and nights. 
The housewife whose kitchen work and 
flower culture must go along together, will 
find such i frame us 1 have described very 
convenient, aud plants will thrive without 
such constant care as those need which are 
grown under glass. R - L - 
PARASITE IN SHEEP’8 LUNG 
Dr. Cressv of the Connecticut State oafd 
of Agriculture, has found a parasite worm m 
the lungs of sheep, and describes t.ie appear¬ 
ance of sheep with the disease aud of the 
lungs after death. The scientific name tf 
the parasite as given by Dr. Crkssy is stron- 
gylus Jilaria or round 1 1 read worm. The 
sheep uficcted run a little at the nose, cough 
by spells, aud when doing it draw themselves 
up together ; stand with head down to the 
ground and feet near together, w.th back 
arched up, luive a very loose state of the 
bowels toward the last stage of the disease. 
They grow very poor aud weak, often falling 
down as they walk, aud making hard work 
to get on their feet again. On opening after 
death, the lungs are found very small, pale 
iu oolor, and covered with whitish spots on 
the outside, the under side of the lungs often 
colored with purple spots, tue air tubes pale 
and stilT, and with a fine thread-like worm 
nearly while. The lungs are often specked 
with gritty bunches of a shelly character, 
aud the bowels covered with numerous 
bunches of like character. Dr. Cressy’s 
remedy is to give a teaspoonful of spirits of 
turpentine twice a day. 
STRONG COLONIES DESIRABLE. 
Jasper Hazen writes to the Bee World as 
follows t—There is a singular idea prevailing 
among bee keepers that, to secure a greet 
roauy colonies oi' bees, is success in the busi¬ 
ness. This is a mistake. It is not bees we 
want, it is the fruit of their labor, honey, 
that we desire to obtain. It is not a great 
number of workers iu one field that can 
secure this, but a large force in one hive. If 
we place a large number of workers iu one 
hive they can supply the brood and store a 
large amount of surplus. 100, 200, o00 pounds 
in boxes have been reached by one colony in 
a season. In one season I placed four colo¬ 
nies iu four new hives, aud their product the 
second season was four new swarms and 500 
pounds of honey in boxes. 1 have since had 
from one hive in one season 100 pounds, 
Another season 140 pounds, another 145 lbs, 
aud in one season, 20.J pounds. 
The almost universal history of bee keeping 
in the common swarming hive lias been a 
few years of successful increase of colonies, 
and a fearful destruction of one-half, two- 
tnirds, three-fourths, nine-tenths, and some¬ 
times all the colonies in the apiary, and this 
loss is often proved. If we commence with 
one colony, and have one swarm from each 
colony annually, in five years they will reach 
thirty-two, in six years sixty four, and in 
seven years one hundred and twenty-eight. 
If the old colonies give two swarms each, 
in four years they reach fifty four ; in fivj 
years one hundred and eight Thirty colo¬ 
nies is as many as can be sustained in any 
field that I have tried, in such fields those 
BREWaRS’ GRAINS FJR B REEDING SOWS 
In reply to J. A. M., page 155 In England 
almost every farm has cisterns holding Sev¬ 
ern. hundn d gallons, for keeping food for 
swine. There are lids with hinges and a 
large dipper with a long handle to dip up 
the mixture for the pigs of all ages ; and as 
ev< ry farmer time brews his own ale and 
beer the grains go into these cisterns and 
are mixed with water, milk, brau or meal, 
&c.; this uecoines very sour, aud it is sup¬ 
posed it is a'l the better for being so. With 
bran and a little meal, pigs will get very fat 
ou this to d and a sow will suckle her litter 
well on grains alone (it is customury in the 
rural districts to use the plural in speaking 
of this food) but she wil) become quite a skel¬ 
eton as the pigs grow unless she has some 
stronger food, for grains go especially to 
milk. In towns, ajd In London particularly, 
Americans would be surprised at the number 
of tons fed to cows daily. They are sold low 
from the great breweries, porter grains lower 
Sheep on So. Carolina Plantations are 
proving profitable. One farmer bought 40 
sheep including a Bakewoii and a Merino, 
and a Southdown ram in’ 1868. Now has 
350 sheep worth $1,000, wool netted him $600, 
and mutton $875, besides what the family 
consumed. No care was taken of the sheep 
except to salt them and give them a little 
cotton seed in winter. Their mai ure, with 
little effort to save it has so enriched JO acres 
of laud that it now yields 1,000 pouuds of 
seed cotton per acre where it yielded but 200 
pounds previously. 
Onion NKMk.o.— D. G. Bautholf sends 
us an onion for name. It is a small speci¬ 
men of i he Model***, also known as the Large 
Globe Tripoli, Rcmaine, etc., etc. It is prized 
for its large size and miW flavor, but its shape 
is rather against it for im.rk.ct, as au onion 
of an cbovate shape appears, to those unac¬ 
quainted with the variety, as immature, it 
is not as good a keeper as some oi the moj.fc 
