MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
20 
PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.' 
FALLACIES OF LIFE INSURANCE.-XII, 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATION AX. I f,LUSTRATED 
i:ui:ai,. litkaiiv ami paiilv hhwsfapkl 
D. D. T. MOOXE, 
Founder and Oonduoti tiff Editor. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW 8. FULLER, 
A nmooIhIm Kditorv* 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D M Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editor or Tint Dm* a liTMKfvT op fen**r Hweawokv. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
Eoitob uy ilix DvuninT or P*mv Uuhdakdby. 
CJ. A. C. HAKNETT, Publisher. 
TERMS, IN ADVANCE: 
Subscription.—Single Copy, $2.50 per Year. To 
Clubs:—Five Copies, and one copy free to Agent or 
getter up of Cl 11 b, for $12j5fl; Seven Copies, and one 
for $16; Ton Copies, and one free, $20—only $2 
per copy. A> wc are obliged to pre-pay the American 
postage on papers mailed to foreign countries. Twenty 
Cents should be added to above rates for cacti yearly 
copy mullrd to Canada, and One Dollar per copy to 
Kujope. Drafts. Post-Office Money Orders a lid Regis¬ 
tered Letters may be mailed at our l ink. SW ~Liberal 
lTemiums to all Club Agents who do not take free 
copies. Specimen Numbers. Show-UIll*. &c.,sentfree, 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside. 14th and I-tb pages < Agate space).fiflo. per line. 
*• 13th page. 70 
Outside or last page.1.00 “ 
Nifty per oehl. extra tor unusual display. 
Special Notices, leaded, by count.1.25 
Business •* 1-50 
Heading “ 2.00 
Discount on 4 insertions. 10 per ct.t H Ins.. 15 per ot.; 
13 Ins., 20 per at.; 20 Ins., 25 per ct.: ft2 Ins., 33.!* per ct. 
f rCSo advertisement inserted for less than $3. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
No, 78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St, (Darrow's Bookstore, Osburn 
House Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1874. 
VOL. XXX OF MOORE'S EUEAL. 
RENEW !—SUBSCRIBE ! 
THE BEST IS ALWAYS THE CHEAPEST.! 
Agents, SirnsouiBKitS, and oven borrowing 
Headers, are reminded Unit the next Semi-An¬ 
nual Volume of tho rural Nkw-Yohkeh will 
begin July 4. 1874, and close with December— 
comprising Twenty-six Numbers. 
— That Single or Club Subscriptions are now 
1 q order, and respectfully solicited, for either 
the ensuing volume {of six months) or year, and 
that Specific -Premiums or extra free copies, as 
preferred, will be allowed (on the same liberal 
basis as last Winter) to all forming now clubs 
or making additions to present (this year's) 
ones. 
— That \vc send specimen numbers, premium 
lists, etc., to all disposed to aid in increasing 
the Rural’S circulation in their respective lo¬ 
calities—thereby promoting the interests of 
their neighbors und community, and inciden¬ 
tally benefiting themselves by securing valua¬ 
ble Premiums. 
— That the RURAL New-YORKER is, as it has 
been for the past- twent y years, the leading and 
most complete American Weekly of its Class, 
and as such entitled to the encouragement and 
substantial support of not only the Rural and 
Industrial Classes, but of all urban and subur¬ 
ban people who love their Families, and culti¬ 
vate (or believe in) Fruits, Flowers, &c. 
— That our aim is to make Moore’s Rural 
continuously Interesting, entertaining and val¬ 
uable to its readers of till ages tv welcome vis¬ 
itor alike to Boys and Girls, Young Men and 
Maidens, Men and Women, In both Town and 
Country, all over these happily re-UnitedStates 
and Territories, the Canadas, and elsewhere. 
— That we invite nil our readers, of vt hatever 
age or wherever located, to talk to their friends 
and acquaintances about the Rural New- 
Yorker telling them t he value and merits of 
Its Practical, Scientific, Literary and other De¬ 
partments, illustrations, &e., and thus intro¬ 
duce a pure, progressive and Instructive paper 
to the notice and support of the thousands 
who would be benefited by its weekly perusal. 
— That the Best is Always the Cheapest — 
whether a newspaper, book, cloth, seed, or any 
article—and that Now is the Time to try, for six 
months or a year, a Journal long styled “by far 
the best and most complete Ruhal, Literary 
and Family Weekly on the Continent.” 
The analysis of a whole-life policy, given in a 
preceding number, showed that this sort of 
insurance consisted (if a series of constantly 
diminishing Insurances by the company, coup¬ 
led with a series of deposits by which the as¬ 
sured insured himself in Increased proportion. 
Also, that l,he forfeiture condition imposed a 
series of wagers of persistent payment, in which 
the stakes of the policy holder became larger 
each year until that I i me of life when the policy 
becomes a burden arid Is given up, with the re¬ 
sult of t ransferring a large sum to the company 
for which the policy holder had received no 
equivalent. During all the years of the dura¬ 
tion of such a policy It contributed the same 
amount each year to expenses, though the 
actual insurance diminished until it became 
less than half as much ns at the beginning. In¬ 
deed, it Is among the absurdit ies of this sort of 
Insurance that should tlie policy be kept in 
force until the insured i» ninety-nine years old 
the same sum is required for expenses, though 
at that time the company does not risk nor in¬ 
sure nn> tiling whatever. 
Tire Injustice to the premium payer consists 
in obligating continuous payments under pen¬ 
alty of forfeiting, each succeeding year, more 
and more, and finally, if lie lives until the obli¬ 
gation to provide for others ceases, almost in¬ 
evitably losing a very large amount of money. 
I f, as appears to be nearly universal, the forfeit¬ 
ure condition is to be Imposed and submitted 
to, and tlie deposits to be imperilled and lost, 
it, becomes a mat ter of moment to inquire what 
form of insurance require* the smallest depos¬ 
its. The natural or ascending premium re¬ 
quires no deposits whatever, and the nearest 
approttOh to tills plan that of term insurance, 
or rather continuous term insurances require s 
the smallest stakes of what promises to bean 
unavoidable wager of persistent payment. 
Should the hypothetical party, whose whole- 
life insurance bos been analyzed, prefer to take 
Instead a series of term insurances, of terms of 
ten years each, he could have one thousand 
dollars insurance fora not premium of $9.84, 
with an addition of perhaps $3.8tt for expenses, 
and stipulate besides for tho privilege of re¬ 
newing tlie Insurance at tho end of the term 
for t«;n years additional, for a premium of per¬ 
haps $12.82, with an addition for expenses, und 
when the second term expired might still con¬ 
tinue insured by paying some $27-80 of net pre¬ 
mium. During the first, term, from the age of 
thirty-five to forty-live, tho sum of deposits lia¬ 
ble to forfeiture would at no time much ex¬ 
ceed three dollars, as appears by the following 
table, in which the columns 1, 2, 3, 4 and ft are, 
respectively, the ago, the expenses, the cost of 
insurance, the actual insurance by tho com- 
puny, 
and the 
deposit 
liable to 
forfeiting 
• 
i 
2 3 
4 
5 
ti 
35 
3.86 
8.92 
999.08 
.98 I 
8.93 
3(3 
3.86 
9.10 
998.32 
1.76 
9.12 
37 
3.86 ! 
9.29 
997.61 
2.40 
9.31 
38 
89 
3.88 
9.48 
01*7.1 . 
2.85 
9.53 
3.86 
9.71 
990.80 
3.10 
9.74 
4(1 
3.86 
9.92 
996.88 
3.12 
9.96 
41 
3.86 
10.17 
997.6:2 
2.88 
10.20 
42 
3.86 
10.45 
997.54 
2..'16 
10.48 
43 
3.86 i 
10.80 
998.59 
1.41 
10.82 
44 
3.86 
11.25 
1000.00 
.00 
11.25 
The sixth column of natural or ascending 
premiums Is added to show how little is either 
gained or lust by the fifth column of self-insur¬ 
ance deposits. Here t he penalty of forfeiture 
is very small indeed, compared with that im¬ 
posed by the whole-life contract, and tlie loss 
of interest between four per cent., the basis iff 
this calculation, and seven per cent., that, might 
be realized on the deposits, would not in any 
year exceed ten cents. 
When it is considered thnt this sort of cheap 
ineuraneb is based upon precisely the same 
assumptions of mortality and interest as the 
whole-life policy, and Is for this reason as un¬ 
deniably safe—that a succession of these terms 
may ho extended Over all the years of life dur¬ 
ing which Insurance is necessary or desirable- 
und that throughout the whole aeries the risk 
of loss by forfeiture is very small, it becomes a 
marvel that 6uch plans are not more urgently 
demanded. The Inequality or the charge for 
expenses is scarcely observable, for if t he charge 
w Its accurately adjusted to the actual insurance 
(column 4). allowing $3.86 for a whole thousand 
of Insurance, the difference would not in any 
year be as much as two cents. 
This sort or insurance, though commended 
many years since to public favor, has not at¬ 
tained much popularity—probably for the rea¬ 
son that it is not profitable to agents and so Se¬ 
ctors, who are, after all, the teachers of in¬ 
surance. They are, however, as this Instance 
proves, teachers whose doctrines arc very* lia¬ 
ble to be deflected by interest. Term insurance 
pays tlie agent very little, because tlie addition 
for expenses is so small; but endowments, 
■which are almost profitless to the policy bolder, 
have a 1 irge premium and amide allowance for 
expenses, and consequently reward the elo¬ 
quence and misrepresentation which at once 
creates for them a temporary popularity. The 
same rule applies to all forms of expensive in¬ 
surance* and high premiums, which have been 
so persistently advocated, and which, together 
with the dividend fallacy, has done so much to 
retard the growth and limit the area of an In¬ 
comparably beneficent, and useful institution. 
Tlie more thoroughly tlie assurant and tho 
public emancipate themselves from their ac¬ 
customed reliance upon the canvassers, the 
nearer they will approach acquaintance with 
tb© better, because cheaper, plans, and their 
own interests. 
- +■*■* - 
LABOR-SAVING IMPLEMENTS. 
There are a vast number of farms for sale. 
Why? In many instances, it is because of a 
restive desire to change location with a desire 
to “ do better ’’—to get in a warmer climate, or 
a cheaper soil; change the character of tlie 
branch of husbandry pursued, extend the area 
of operat ions. In other cases it is because of 
the belief that farming does not pay, weariness 
of the constant care and exacting hit tor re¬ 
quired, Inadequacy of the supply of good help, 
desire to remove to town and tints secure priv¬ 
ileges the isolation of tho farm compels one to 
forego, t he belief that the. money the farm will 
bring, sold, will yield a greutor net Interest 
without, tho labor than with it, &<'., «Ye. 
Borne of these are valid reasons for selling 
the homestead. Probably all arc regarded so 
by those who assign them. But farms are not 
selling as readily nor for as good prices as t hey 
were five years ago. Real estate values have 
depreciated, and It is a bad lime to sell. It Is 
worth while to base the estimate of tho profit 
the farm yields upon its market value no w, 
rather than upon one's own estimate of its in¬ 
trinsic worth. If this is done, what invest¬ 
ment, only equally well managed, will yield a 
greater net Income ? especially when personal 
property will command loans at three per 
cent, per annum, as it has lately In the money 
centers, and real estate cannot command t hem 
at three times that rate. Tho time to sell Is 
not on a falling market, or just at the point 
where prices have reached bottom; but rather 
on a rising market, where mouey seeks invest¬ 
ment in real estate. This is the common law 
of business, and lie is a wise man who, having 
real estate to sell, regards it if ho can. 
What then ? Make effort to render tho farms 
more productive—to realize increased revenues 
from them and thus raise the standard of value, 
besides putting profits in the pocket. “But 
labor 1 b scarce and high." Yes; but there is 
machinery now adapted to the manipulation of 
almost every character of farm labor. The 
Rural New-Yorker does not and never has 
advised the purchase of useless machinery; 
but it lias advised ami does advise the combi¬ 
nation of farmer in a neighborhood in making 
such purchases and co-operation in their em¬ 
ployment on tnc respective farms. The manu¬ 
facturers of American farm Implements, have 
left little to lie desired that is not available as a 
substitute for manual labor. Look over our 
advertising columns the past five years and 
scarce an Implement can bo thought of that Is 
not there announced, to meet the wants of the 
modern farmer, who finds it necessary to sub¬ 
stitute machinery for muscle. Just now, as 
tlie harvest is at hand, mowers, tedders, horse 
rakes, loading machines, horse pitchforks 
complete the list for the hay-field; reapers— 
seif-raking and with binders—headers, thresh¬ 
ers and separators fill the needs of the grain 
farmer, It Is not necessary nor best, In regions 
where farms are small, that each farmer should 
own all these Implements; but u neighborhood 
of farmers may own them all, and, by co-oper- 
ation, do all their work with them Independent 
of hired help- This is well worth considering 
before one determines to sacrifice ids home¬ 
stead and become a rolling stone. The em¬ 
ployment of more machinery in a wiser and 
more economical way is one of the necessities 
of the times a problem that farmers must 
solve. Steam must, be utilized on the farm and 
in the house, and co-operation among farmers 
in the solution of the labor question by the aid 
of labor-saving machinery is as surely to result 
in the near fut ure mb consolidat ion of connect¬ 
ing ruilroad lines hus been a public necessity 
and benefit. 
-- 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
A Young Man in Trouble.— 1 “ 1 am a young 
farmer, and like farm life, but I do not feel 
that I am doing myself justice by staying here. 
Tho fact is there is no chance to rise.'' A 
young correspondent of the Rural New- 
Yorker writes in this strain, covering two 
pages. What nonsense! “No chance to rise !” 
Why, there is all the room you can fill, and more 
tool Kitppp-e wo should visit you and ask 
about your township organization —who Us 
ofllocrs aro; what you knoxv about the duties 
of a Supervisor In case you should rise to such 
a position; what are tlie requirements of a 
town Treasurer; t he duties of an Assessor, and 
the laws which govern him: what the assess- 
Laxes; what measures the Board of Supervisors 
at its last session adopted affecting the inter¬ 
ests of your town; whether those measures 
were wise or otherwise, just or unjust; the 
boundaries of the Assembly District in which 
you live ; indeed, suppose we w ere a foreigner 
and wanted to master the theory of township 
and county organizations, how much could 
you tell us about it ? What could you tell us 
about tlie history of the town in which von 
live? Very little you could tell ua, we opine 1 
And yet it is the acquirement of just such 
know ledge that fits you to perform the duties 
of a citizen there In a most excellent manner; 
and this knowledge—combined with an edu¬ 
cated Judgment—will help you to prominence 
among your neighbors who are as ignorant as 
you may be. Don’t say there is no chance to 
rise until you have tested vour powers at. home. 
We never knew a young man of integrity, 
honor, industry and intelligence who could 
not and did not rise anywhere. If you do not, 
the fault is not so much in the locality nor in 
your vocation as In yourself; and it is doubt¬ 
ful if you would do any better anywhere else. 
Advertiser's Manual.—I. N. SOPER & Co., of 
No. 27 City Hall Square, New' York—one of our 
most enterprising and reliable advertising 
agencies have just, issued an “Advertisers’ 
Manual, containing special lists of the most 
valuable Religious, Agricultural, Scientific, Lit¬ 
erary and Secular Newspapers and Magazines 
published in tho United States and Europe,— 
giving valuable information to advertisers." 
In addition to (or rather preceding) l he lists of 
prominent American periodicals, the Manual 
contains special lists of leading European daily 
and weekly journals, with prices of advertis¬ 
ing. The design of the Manual—“to give, in a 
compact arid convenient form, data sufficient 
to enable advertisers to determine how and 
where to advertise, and to otherwise subserve 
their ini crests’’— is well carried out, and those 
who wish to reach, at once, hundreds of thou¬ 
sands of readers, should consult its pages. Mr. 
SOPeIt is “to the manor born." having,had 
much experience in the Advertising business, 
(first with the celebrated Agency of John 
Hooper & Co.,) and we trust his firm will 
achieve the success it merits—which is abun¬ 
dant. 
The Flood In l.ouUnnin, according to Mayor 
Wilts: of New Orleans, lias caused direct suf¬ 
fering to 70,000 people. The area of overflow in 
Louisiana is estimated to lie 8,005.000acres; in 
Mississippi,2.500,000; In Arkansas,2,000,000. He 
says it bus devastated 28 of the largest and 
most productive parishes in Louisiana. He 
asserts that the present means of relief will be 
wholly exhausted by the 15th day June. He 
adds;—" I show you what is needed to prevent 
intense misery, famine and death ; I leave the 
rest to your honor ns men, to your pride as 
Americans, end to your sense of duty as Christ¬ 
ians. While thero are such fruits of prosperity 
and such stores of accumulated riches, you 
cannot afford to let it be recorded In our com¬ 
mon history that thousands of people in 1874 
starved to death on the borders of the Missis¬ 
sippi for the want of one fifty-thousandth part 
of the aggregate wealth of their countrymen.” 
-««« 
Commencement at Cornell University.—The 
programme of the Sixth Annual Commence¬ 
ment of this 1 institution is as followsMonday, 
.1 line entrance examinations begin at 9 A. M. 
Prof, Alder will deliver his inaugural address 
at 7:30 P. M., in Library Hall. The entrance 
dominations will be continued on Tuesday. 
At 7:30 in t he evening, Hon. Willard C. Flagg 
will lecturo in Library Hail before the college 
of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The An¬ 
nual Meeting of the Association Alumni will 
take place at 10 A. M., July 1, the class-day 
exercises will be hold at 2:30 P. M., and at 3 P. 
M., the Trustees of Hits University will hold 
their meeting. At 3 P. M. Edward Everett 
Hale will address tho colleges of History and 
Literature, and at 8:30 the President will hold 
Ids reception. The sixth annual Commence¬ 
ment will be held in Library Hall, July 2, at 9 
A. M. 
-—- 
“ A College of Invention Wanted.” A corre¬ 
spondent of the Western Rural proposes “ a 
College of invention for the production of 
choice improved varieties of trees, fruits, 
plants, vegetables, annuals and implements, 
including a course of literature thereto per¬ 
taining.” A College of Invention would prob¬ 
ably invent trees, fruits, plants, vegetables and 
annuals. It is important that thero should be 
a chance for this class of talent to show itself. 
This correspondent says “there are few things 
more needed ” Ilian such a college. While we 
lidnk, if such is the case, the wants of the 
American people must bo very few, we aro 
willing to join a society to hoip build a monu¬ 
ment. to the discoverer of 1 Ids want, on account 
of the great benetlt the discovery must be to 
humanity. 
BUSINESS NOTICES 
RURAL PURCHASING AGENCY. 
This Agency has been established to meet a long 
felt want among our readers and the pnbltc gener¬ 
ally. It, oilers & Reliable Medium through which those 
at a distance can always supply their wants at the 
lowest prices ruling In the New York Markets. Special 
Arrangements with leading Manufacturers aud Deal¬ 
ers enable ue to purchase at much lower rates than 
individuals. Consignments ot any nature will have 
prompt and careful attention, and the parties send¬ 
ing Produce, Ac., will receive speedy returns, saving 
the exhorbitunl Commissions of Middle-Men, An 
order for a Single Art kit will be attended to as care¬ 
fully as one for an assortment or quantity und wc 
can furnish anything from a NrncUe to a. Steam En¬ 
gine. Onr commission la email anil always uniform. 
Explanatory Circulars sent on receipt of stamp. 
All remittances made by Express, p. O. Money 
Order. Draft on Now York or Registered Letter, muy 
be sent at our risk. Address 
C. EL K. REDDING, 
Manager Rural Purchasing Agency, 
P. O. Box 581. Rural New-Yorker Office, New York. 
--• 
Undies, one-half the trouble of running your 
Sewing Machine may be avoided by using the Eu¬ 
reka Machine Twist. It is the best. 
