than t^vo ; ami it has been noticed that the 
removal of one cyst is often followed by the 
development of another in a different part of 
the brain : not because a portion of the old 
cyst lias been allowed to remain, bat simply 
for the reason that there is space Ir ft for the 
existence of another worm. It must happen 
in many cases that numerous embryos find 
their way to the brain, nevertheless, the 
conditions are not favorable to the prolifer¬ 
ation of more than one or two. 
The prevention of the hydatid disease roust 
begin at its source, and the first step is to ex¬ 
pel the tapeworm from the intestines of the 
dogor dogs which are employed on the farm. 
It may be objected that this measure will be 
applied too late to remedy the mischief if the 
existence of the tapeworm is not suspected 
until some of the flock become affected with 
“ gid,” but in fact the existence of tapeworm 
should always be suspected, and dogs should 
be treated periodically with ureca nut as a 
measure of precaution. A dose of half a 
drachm to 2 drachms of the grated nut mny 
be given now and then with safety, even 
when the tapeworm segments are observed 
and if the remedy is not followed by the 
expulsion of a worm, the animal may be 
deemed secure. A second important means 
of prevention is to prevent the infection of 
dogs by destroying bladder worms immedi¬ 
ately on their removal, instead of throwing 
them cither to the dogs or in places where 
the animals can easily discover them. If 
this plan were universally adopted cystic 
entozoa would soon be diminished in number, 
and one source of loss to the stock owner be 
averted. Sheep suffer from the entrance of 
embryos, which are expelled from the. intes¬ 
tines of the dogs. Dogs become infested 
with the tapeworm in consequence of intro¬ 
duction into their digestive organs of the 
larval forms of the parasites, which exist in 
the brain of the sheep, being given to them 
or placed within their reach. This inter¬ 
change can be prevented by the exercise of a 
little common care. 
Sheep which are pastured on common 
lands, or fields through which a right of way 
exists, are exposed to rinks of various kinds 
from which animals in isolated positions are 
exempt, and under such circumstances it is 
impossible to apply auv effectual measures 
of prevention. In the case of “gid” some 
amount of danger is incurred from wild 
animals ; foxes, for instance, may harbour 
the Tania c.crnurus, and a few sheep may 
here and there become infested with bladder 
worms from eating the egga expelled from 
the intestines of those auimals, but these 
causes of infection are occasional and remote, 
and do not materially affect the main ques- 
tion. Of the method of prevention, if the 
Tania ca minis were to be expelled from 
every dog in the country, and effectually 
destroyed, the disease "gid,” among sheep, 
would be very rare indeed. 
Tu reference to the treatment of the disease 
we have nothing to urge. Puncture or re¬ 
moval of the cyst in many cases alleviates 
the distress which the animal suffers, but 
permanent cure is rare, and knowing this 
the fanner wisely consigns the animal to the 
butcher. lie should however always bar¬ 
gain for the return of the head, which con¬ 
tains the parasite, in order rliat he may burn, 
bury, or otherwise destroy it, and thus render 
thousands of embryos inert. 
The Rouens perhaps are generally the largest, 
the laziest and the best feeders. IheAyls- 
burj-s are good foragers, but, from their 
color, exposed to the attacks of hawks and 
owls. The C-ayugas are not quite so large 
and are harder to dress for the table, ex¬ 
cept in winter, on account of the black pin¬ 
feathers. The writer prefers the Aylsburys, 
all things considered, for beauty and utility 
combined. 
There i 9 a new variety, just introduced, 
called the Pekin duck, which is white, with 
a creamy tint, and with orange-colored bills 
and logs. They are decidedly larger than 
either of those named above, exceedingly 
prolific, quick growers and good foragers. 
The price is still rather high, and what bad 
qualities they may have do not seem to be 
known. Certainly they are a very promising 
breed. Ducks if kept out of the garden do 
SPORTSMEN AND THEIR RELATIONS 
TO FARMERS. 
POULTRY DYING 
I keep quite n number of hens, and for the 
past three or four months they have been 
dying off one by one. They begin by losing 
their color, then becoming languid, with a 
drooping uf the tail, linger fur a few day*. 
I noticed with (lie la t, one a constant move¬ 
ment or the rectum, or anus, which might 
have happened with the others, but was un¬ 
observed. 1 opened the last one ami found 
tiie gizzard enlarged to nearly three times 
the tnU'd size, ton nu Opening it found that it 
was extended by a clammy or corny-looking 
substance. C o you account for it or give 
a remedy ? Their feed has been corn and 
screenings.—W. C., Ilouelle, N. .7., Aug. 4. 
It is always risky to venture upon the 
diagnosis of a disease without seeing the 
patient. Quack doctors will always do it, 
and so perhaps it. might be pardoned in 
a chicken doctor ; but as we do not claim 
that pioud distinction, can only offer a 
few suggestions and our condolence. As 
a rule it is good practice (speaking eco¬ 
nomically, not medically) to cut off the head 
of any sick or moping chicken as Roon as 
discovered. Especially is this true of dis- 
o ■ ,'S of the bowels. If the fowl is worth $5 
It may pay to treat it, with the hope of 
learning what Is the matter and curing the 
malady. 
'i he disease, so far as described, seems to 
affect the stomach and bowels, for the giz¬ 
zard must be regarded as closely connected 
with the former, and derangement of the 
liver might probably be assumed. Should 
this be the ease, one to two grains of calomel 
—an equivalent of mandrake (Podophyllum) 
powder might do <us well—given every sec¬ 
ond day might prove a relief. It can be 
given in bread moistened with sour milk. In 
Etghty one farmers of Winnebago Co., 
Wis.. have united in a proclamation with 
which they arc placarding the county round, 
warning hunters to keep off their premises. 
They complain that their livestock and farm 
fences and buildings have been shot and 
trampled down until they can no longer bear 
it, and offer a reward of $25 for the convic¬ 
tion of each of the outlaws of some of the 
most heinous depredations. The entire farm¬ 
ing community in that section mean business, 
and hunters will be scarce for awhile. 
We cut the above from a Western ex¬ 
change, and see in it another good thing 
which may result from the Grange business. 
Farmers’ rights as well as their crops, are 
mercilessly trampled into the ground by 
men calling themselves sportsmen. Every 
true sportsman respects him elf and he re¬ 
spects private rights. There is precious little 
man in a thief, and there is just as little in 
the marauder with a gun upon his shoulder 
and a cur at his heels who tramps through 
fields of grain, pastures and meadow's, leav¬ 
ing bars down for cattle to stray, shaking 
anple trees, poaching in the melon patch, 
stealing a bushel of corn for roasting cars, 
and taking fencing stuff for making the fire. 
Careless of his shots he wounds cattle ; or 
warned off and his so-called sport disturbed, 
as likely as not he vents his spleen and emp¬ 
ties his barrels into the sides of the unoffend¬ 
ing herd. What reprobation is too severe— 
what quick vengeance (short of taking life 
or permanently maiming the human brutes) 
would not be justifiable. 
As our laws are, the farmer may, and in 
some eases must interpret them to give him 
the absolute ownership of the game which 
breeds in his woods and swamps. But this 
kind of property is different from that which 
men acquire a right to by labor of their own 
or of others, or the results of labor which 
t hey may buy or gain possession of construct¬ 
ively. 
The game of the fields and woods is a spon¬ 
taneous growth of nature ; legally, it is the 
property of the farmer—equitably, it belongs 
to mankind, to whomsoever can bring it 
down. The farmer has done nothing to 
give him a title to it. God gave to man. 
The farmer certainly has a title to his real 
estate, and a right to prevent trespass, even 
a right to say who shall and who shall not 
cross his domain. This right is and ought to 
be exercised as a count ry becomes settled and 
cultivated, and more or less rigidly according 
to circumstances. Nevertheless, there is a 
recognition among all mankind of a natural 
right to the wild game ; even the cruel game 
laws of England which have been enforced 
and almost annually strengthened for hun¬ 
dreds of years, have not eradicated the sen¬ 
timent ; on the contrary, it seems to grow 
stronger. So it will here if unjustly opposed. 
Farmers must take care and discriminate. 
The wisest plan is to allow real sportsmen to 
shoot game in season if they ask the privi¬ 
lege of going over the farm or into the woods; 
but to exclude and punish those who do not 
ask permission, for it is a true saying, " That 
whatever is worth taking is worth asking 
for.” The same is true in regard to fishing. 
Instead of the usual watniug, "All trespass¬ 
ing is foi’bidden under penalty of the law,” 
it would be much better to set up a notice 
like the following : 
A iUNTINO- A.NE) FISHING, 
Without Permission, 
WILL B£ PROSECUTED TO THE EXTENT OF THE LAW. 
Ducks Having Hpasms, &c. —I wish you 
would give me a remedy for my ducks. 
They eat well, but they seem weak; their 
eyes seem dim. and they have spasms.—E. 
F. E., Farmington, N. H. 
These are probably young ducks, and 
their trouble web think arises from constipa¬ 
tion. Give them ^ome bread crumbs satura¬ 
ted with vegetable oil of some kind—as lin¬ 
seed oil, olive oil, casior oil, or even lard or 
whale oil—chopping onion tops very fine and 
mixing with it. Let them have sour milk 
or butter milk to drink and plenty of pure 
water to bathe in ami to drink. 
Spasms indicate indigestion which comes 
sometimes from too much animal food, like 
polywogs found in the ditches. 
HYDATIDS ON'THE BRAIN 
ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION 
The subject of hatching eggs by artificial 
heat has received, first and last, considerable 
attention in the columns of the Rural —nev¬ 
ertheless, we offer briefly a few conclusions 
in response to the request of “R. W.” of 
Dayton, O., who asks : 
" Can you inform me what degree of heat 
is required for artificial egg hatching, wheth¬ 
er a regular temperature is needed or not, 
and if the chicks are as healthy as those 
hatched by a ben ?” 
The heat may fluctuate between 98' and 
102° Fa In*. The occasional intentional cool¬ 
ing off of the eggs for a short time, as when a 
hen leaves her nest to feed every day or two 
is not object ionable. The chicks hatched are 
not unfrcquentlv strong and healthy, though 
through mismanagement they may be quite 
the reverse. The satisfactory hatching of 
chickens by steam or other fire heat, has 
seat of disease. Medicine has no effect, nor 
lias surgery, unless the hydatid is so close to 
the skull as to cause a spot to soften. Of 
late years it lias been discovered that, this 
hydatid cist encloses the larva form of tin- 
tape worm of 11 1 e dog. The folio w I ng acet amt 
which, with this explanation, wil l be interest 
mg and instructive even to the general reader, 
is from the London Agricultural Gazette. 
Our comparative freedom from the pest in 
this country may arise from the much less 
frequent employment of dogs. 
The mature tape-worm (Tania cc enurus) 
infests the intestines of the dog, from which 
animal the perfect segments are constantly 
expelled, and, falling on the pastures where 
sheep are feeding, are swallowed by them 
along with the herbage. Some of the eggs 
contained in the segment are broken, and 
the six hooked embryos escape, to commence 
their wandering in the organs of the higher 
animal. Of the myriads of eggs which are 
swallowed few retain their vitality, or are so 
favorably placed that the embryos have the. 
Opportunity to migrate ; otherwise, instead 
of one or two hydatids in tiie brain, we 
should discover many. Probably a consider¬ 
able proportion of the embryos which do 
start on their journey to the center of the 
nervous system, stray, and are lost or under¬ 
go partial development. Now and then a 
c cemirus is discovered in the muscles, where, 
owing to the pressure to which it is subjected, 
its form is distorted ; but its characteristic 
feature, the presence of many tape worm 
heads, is in no way impaired. Even when 
t le brain is reached, it does not follow that 
every embryo will attain its full growth. 
On the contrary, it is most usual for one only 
to flourish, while others remain in an inactive 
state. Sometimes two hydatids of nearly 
eqvml size are detected, but seldom more 
SHEEP IN TENNESSEE 
Gen. Jurat. Early furnishes the Rural 
Sun with the following account of his sheep : 
"In tbe spring of lSliG 1 purchased 11 ewes 
and a buck (good sheep, common breed). 
The clip of wool for the first three, years was 
used at home ; during the six years since 1 
have sold $739.18 worth of wool, and fat 
sheep amounting to $277.85. I have now on 
hand 195 sheep and lambs, worth at least 
$500. 1 paid out originally $21, and the 
above is the result. I cannot tell you the 
number that has been used for the table ; we 
are mutton eaters, and the table has been 
well supplied every summer; 1 have lost 
but four old sheep by the dogs, but I kuow 
they kill 10 or 15 lambs every spring. This 
year I lost 30 lambs, 20 of which I know 
wore killed by two hound pups belonging to 
my next-door neighbor, My sheep have 
been raised entirely on grass, winter and 
summer. When the ground was covered by 
snow, which is only a few days each winter, 
1 have given them a few feeds of sheaf oa’s. 
This spring, after the ewes commenced lamb¬ 
ing, during the excessive wet weather, I fed 
70 ewes one half bushel of shelled corn daily, 
for 30 days. 1 am now paying a man to take 
care of iriy sheep in the barrens, where there 
is an abundance of wild grass. He herds 
them at night on four acres of laud, which he 
expects to put in herds grass this fall, and by 
that means to secure a permanent meadow. 
BENCH SHOW OF SPORTING DOGS 
The Queens Co. Agricultural Society make 
in the prize list just received liberal offers 
for setters and pointers to be shown and 
judged by points and not by performances. 
This ia what is called a "bench show.” In 
connection with field trials, the 3 © exhibitions 
have done much towurds improving sporting 
dogs. Many of the readers of the Rural 
may not be aware that first-rate dogs of 
these breeds, setters and pointers, pure in 
blood, lino in form, with good wind, good 
noses, good feet, and well trained are worth 
as much as a good horse, and are source at 
that. Gentlemen pay $50 and upwards for 
training alone, and the degree of excellence 
to which many of these dogs are trained is 
astonishing. Of course, every point in the 
physicel develepment which contributes to 
their staunchness, intelligence and usefulness 
in contributing to the sportsman’s pleasure 
and profit is bred for with as much care as 
Short-Horn men breed for beef points, or 
turfmen for wind and speed. We congratu¬ 
late the Queens Co. Society on introducing 
this feature. 
TUB BEST DUCKS TO KEEP 
“A Village Boy” asks us to tell him 
"which are the most profitable ducks to 
keep, tm.lwhieli there is the most profit in 
keeping—ducks or geese.” There are three 
kinds of well-bred ducks porltaps equally 
profitable. The Aylesburys arc a breed of 
English origin, pure white, with pinkish buff 
bids and m ange-colored legs ; the Rouens, 
■which originated in France, and which have 
the rich i olors of the wild mallard duck, and 
the Cuyu.cs, which are a black variety, orig¬ 
inating in Central New York. These are 
all large, quick-maturing, domestic breeds. 
