SEPT. 39 
MOORE’S RURAL S3EW-YORKEB 
JfemI department. 
HOMES AT THE SOUTH. 
Sitting in the shade of a spreading Mock 
Orange, the north-west breeze fresh and 
cooling, I am carried back to earlier days. 
It doe3 not seem possible that. I am in a 
Southern clime, for this is much more like 
the air of a New England State, and I can 
almost imagine myself among the rocki and 
stones once more. The summer has been 
unusually pleasant so far; no scorching days, 
such as you frequently feol in your city, and 
the nights are as pleasant as the day. This, 
with an agreeable fall and mild winter, 
would naturally go far toward inducing per 
sons who are afraid of snow and ice. to make 
their homes in some Southern State, and 
good men would be heartily welcomed. 
There are all the elements to make an Indus¬ 
trious man happy and comfortable. Nay, 
more, if he understands thoroughly the cul¬ 
tivation of the soil, he will get rich. 
Farming and planting are still in a very 
primitive condition, and the improved meth¬ 
ods of farm machinery are scarcely known. 
When these are once introduced, thousands 
and hundreds of thousands of acrc -3 now 
turned out to weed.'i and grass will again 
gladden the heart of the planter with rich 
and luxuriant crops of grass, grain and cot¬ 
ton. May that time soon come is the prayer 
of all. Although not a politician, I cannot 
but notice the great and injurious effects of 
Radicalism and the system of carpet-bag¬ 
ging, especially in the country. Thousands 
of negroes have congregated from different 
parts of the State into the city ; for these I 
there is no employment; theymust live, aud 
consequently must steal, and as thieving 
seems a part of their nature, it requires but 
little art to make them adepts. It is abso¬ 
lutely necessary for the farmer to watch his 
crops of com, potatoes and other vegetables, 
as little would be left him were it not done. 
Emigration has begun to a slight extent, 
and if wo could get rid of the thousands of 
worthless negroes, who sleep by day and 
prowl at night, a better class of people would 
fill all our Southern States and make this 
now barren country blossom like the rose. 
Much must be done and some time elapse 
before such a desirable state of affairs can 
come to pass ; but with the improved farm 
machinery, such as is described in the Rural 
for Aug. 1, an ontire revolution would take 
place. Another great drawback at the 
present time is the excessive freights on our 
railroads and express companies. They keep 
up war prices astonishingly well, notwith¬ 
standing the prices of materials, Labor. &c., 
have so much depreciated. Perhaps we may 
some day be able to get up an effective op¬ 
position to these monopolies. p, s. p. 
Montgomery, Ala., Aug. 3,1874. 
Otra readers well know that it is the desire 
of the Rural Nrw-Yorker to promote the 
prosperity of this fertile and beautiful sec¬ 
tion of the country in every possible way. 
Too much can hardly be said in its favor. 
Nevertheless there are serious drawbacks to 
its prosperity which its inhabitants do not 
seem to understand or appreciate. There is 
a feeling among Southern people that the 
men of the North do not entertain toward 
them kindly and friendly feelings, but really 
sympathize with their oppressors. There 
could be no greater error. The fact is, we 
feel more for the whites than for the’ ue- 
gi oes. We condemn equally the supineness, 
jealousy and false chivalry of the one and 
the shiftless thievery of the ether, and the 
laziness aud ignorance of both. We love 
them as citizens of our common country, as 
loyal to our flag, and as children of our 
Divine Father. But we can’t loan them 
money unless we are sure of getting princi¬ 
pal and interest again. We cannot live com¬ 
fortably among them if the majority of them 
make it disagreeable for us. We do not 
consider it trenching upon the forbidden 
ground of politics when we join with our 
worthy friend in cordial condemnation of 
the carpet-bagging nuisance, which is a 
stench in the nostrils of decent people, 
fetill, our friends of the South err in sup¬ 
posing that their hard lot can justly be laid 
at the door of the carpet-baggers'and the 
lazy, thieving negroes. They err also in 
supposing that the people of the Northern 
States do not know that their land is cheap, 
that labor there will meet a rich reward’ 
that inducements to go South are very at¬ 
tractive, and that they are promised a hearty 
welcome. It would be interesting statistical 
information which we would like to lay be¬ 
fore our readers could we learn what pro¬ 
portion of the adult male white population 
of the Southern States “put in” ten hours 
of hard labor at any kind of useful work, 
or even eight hours, twenty-six days in the 
month, say at the busiest se;t?on. One 
trouble is, the white people expect the blacks 
to work, and the blacks, bred either in 
slavery or under the demoralizing influences 
of the war and what has followed, so to 
speak, “ don’t see it,” but prefer to pick up 
a living the easiest way they can. They do 
not believe the native white population are 
their best friends, and so they arc led by the 
nose by the designing aud plausible viilains 
who have gained their confidence by being, 
at least politically, their friends. The friend¬ 
ship of the negro is easily won, and were he 
to think yon really sought his best interests, 
your influence over him would be estab¬ 
lished and he would easily be guided into 
better ways. 
A3 to the inducements to Northern men to 
settle permanently at the South, the major¬ 
ity of those who have tried it think that 
there are more powerful inducements to go 
home again, unless they can go in sufficient 
numbers to establish a public opinion that 
suffers men to hold independent views in 
regard to politics, religion, the negro and 
the war, without affecting their personal 
safety, their property or their social position, 
any more than if they were in Ohio. 
Hwabitndrg. 
DAIRY NOTES ON MARYLAND-3. 
Henry Stabler resides in the town of 
Brighton, Montgomery Co., Md., aud has a 
nice farm of 333 acres. The surface of the 
country in this section is rolling, the soil 
being either a sandy or a clay loam. There 
is considerable timber scattered here and 
there over the country. The farms are gen¬ 
erally well cultivated, and by the use of 
commercial fertilizers aro made to yield good 
crops. 
THE STABLER FARM. 
This farm is largely devoted to garden 
crops, and Mr. Stabler has an establishment 
for canning the different products grown. 
About 75 acres are in wood land. The land 
devoted to ordinary crops are For corn, 20 
acres ; wheat, 10 acres ; meadow, 80 acres, 
and pasture, 25 acres. Considerable sweet 
corn for canning is grown, about 40 acres 
being employed for this purpose the present 
year. 
THE ROTATION OF CROPS. 
Grass land is broken up and the first crop 
Is com The second year the land ia treated 
with superphosphate at the rate of 300 pounds 
to the acre harrowed in, and then put to 
sweet com. Llie third crop is wheat, the 
land getting from 300 to 400 pounds of vitriol- 
ized bones per acre, which are drilled in with 
the wheat in the fall. In preparing the land 
for the wheat, 200pounds of bone-dust to the 
acre are sowed broadcast before the grain is 
put in. Long manures are also used for this 
crop and for that of sweet corn. The land 
is now seeded to grass—4 quarts of timothy 
seed and 5 quarts of clover being allowed for 
an acre, and it remains in grass three years. 
THE YIELD. 
The annual production of hay is at the rate 
of 13 ^ to 2 tons per acre. Wheat yields 20 
bushels per acre, and corn from 45 to 50 
bushels per acre, 
PREPARINQ SWEET CORN FOR MARKET. 
The corn is scraped from the cob and put 
into the tin cans in a raw state. Then a 
small quantity of water is added to each can, 
when theynie Immediately closed and sol¬ 
dered. They then go into a kettle of boiling 
water, aud remain there from four to five 
minutes, when they are taken out and a 
small hole made in the tins for the air to 
escape. This is now soldered over and the 
cans returned to the boiling water until a, 
sufficient number lias been obtained to make 
a crate. They are then immersed in boiling 
brine, and are kept in this liquid for 2° 
hours, when they are taken out and the labels 
pasted on, which is the last requisite for pre¬ 
paring them for market. Com put up under 
this process will keep in good order and 
make a very nice article, which has a ready 
sale in market. We had occasion to test the 
flavor of Mr. Stabler’s prepared ccm (of 
last year's crop) at the dinner-table of friend 
Janney, and found it excellent. In prepar¬ 
es pens the same process is employed, ex¬ 
cept that they remain in the boiling brine 
but two hours. 
Last year Mr. S. put up24,000 cans of corn, 
each holding 1% pints, and about the same 
quantity of peas. They sell for £2.75 per 
dozen cans. We looked through Mr. Sta¬ 
bler’ s grounds and gardens, and were 
greatly interested in the culture and appear¬ 
ance of the crops. 
THE HAL10WEU FARM. 
A few miles further on we come to the 
beautiful farm of James S. Hallo well, 
which consists of 204 acres, divided as fol¬ 
lows SO acres in timber, 40 in wheat, 25 in 
corn. 80 in oats, 4 in potatoes, 25 in meadow 
and 50 in pasture. The same system of ro¬ 
tation in crops as that practiced by Mr. 
Stabler is followed on this farm, and the 
yield of wheat is at, the rate of 23 bushels to 
the acre ; Corn, 40 bushels ; oats, 30 bushels, 
and potatoes, 120 bushels. Hay averages 
from 1)4 to 2 tons per acre, and is hauled to 
market at \v ashing ton, netting about $22 
per ton. 
THE ELLCGTT FARM. 
In the vicinity of Brookville Samuel Ei.l- 
cott has a nice farm of 153 acres, of which 
40 are in meadow, 25 in pasture, 15 in wheat, 
10 in corn and 5 in oats. 
WHAT A BUND MAM CAM DO AT FARMING. 
Mr. Ellcott i3a very intelligent and pleas¬ 
ant gentleman, and, although totally blind 
for many years, has conducted lus farming 
operations with great shrewdness and suc¬ 
cess. He is acknowledged to bo one of the 
best judges of live stock in the country, aud 
is rarely deceived in the value of an animal. 
He goes over all parts of his farm unattend¬ 
ed, riding to the village and to the neighbor¬ 
ing farms, and he has apparently as thorough 
knowledge of the country and the condition 
of the crops from time to time as others who 
are blessed with the keenest eyesight. His 
premises are kept in the neatest order, and 
all the det ails of liis farming operations are 
under his immediate supervision, and his 
farm is a model, being managed so as to 
return him a considerable profit. It. is tie 
most remarkable instance we have ever met 
where a man laboring under the disability 
named has been a bio to grow crops and ac¬ 
complish results equal, if not superior, to the 
best farmers In his neighborhood. Books, 
the news of the day, the market reports and 
the current literature are read to him regu¬ 
larly, and, having a retentive memory, he is 
able to give correct information on a great 
variety of topics and to discourse in a most 
interesting manner, 
SYSTEM OF GROWING CROPS. 
Sod land is manured in the fall at the rate 
of ten loads of barnyard manure to the acre. 
The land is then turned, and the first crop 
taken is corn. This is followed by wheat, 
oats and potatoes. For wheat 300 pounds of 
dissolved bones drilled in with the seed arc 
used per acre. Oats get only 130 pounds of 
bonus to the acre, and potatoes 400 pounds. 
The third crop is wheat,.when the land gets 
300 pounds more of some coimnereial fertil¬ 
izer aud about a bushel of plaster per acre, 
and is then seeded down to grass. The an¬ 
nual sale of hay from this farm is about 50 
tons. 
FEEDING AMD FATUNINQ ST00R. 
Mr. Ellcott makes considerable profit from 
the feeding of stock. The ani mals .are bought 
in the fall at the stock yards In Baltimore at 
from £3 to £4 per cwt. They are wintered 
on coarse fodder, stalks and straw, picking 
more or less from the pasture. In the spring 
they got clover, hay and a little meal when 
first turned to gross, say about a piut per day 
to each animal for three week?, oruntilgrass 
gets in vigorous growth. In J une the stock 
begins to be turned for beef, the best being 
sold as they are ready, and the last go off 
about the first of September. The animals 
bring doable their cost, and sometimes more. 
Those being sold on or about the 1st of June 
had increased in flesh 150 pounds or more. 
We often hoar men complaining that farm¬ 
ing docs not pay, but It may be well to In¬ 
quire why it does not pay, and not unfre- 
quently the. true answer wall be found in the 
lack of brains applied to the business. The 
example of Mr. Ellcott must serve to give 
faith in farming as a good, remunerative 
business when properly conducted, for if a 
man laboring under the disability from loss 
of sight can make it a success, surely one in 
possession of all his faculties ought not to 
fail or lose faith in his calling [ 
NEIGHBORING FARMS. 
The farms of Isaac Harts horn and Tnos. 
J. Sr a are in the vicinity of the Ellcott 
place. The former has 230 and the latter 
100 acres. Both these farms are conducted 
somewhat on the plan adopted by Mr. Ell¬ 
cott, They fatten a good many cattle and i 
handle a considerable number of sheep, pur¬ 
chasing their stock in the fall aud putting < 
the animals in market the following summer. 
The sheep more than double their cost, while 
the cattle, on an average, will sell for twice i 
what is paid for them in the stock yards at 
Baltimore. The lambs in June sell at from i 
$4 to $5. . 
Mr. Sea, who has nearly 100 acres in pas¬ 
ture, glazes a number of young stock for his 
neighbors at $1.50 per month. Ho does a 
good deal in breeding pure B»>rkslnres, tho 
pigs at six weeks readily bringing S3 each. 
The hay is mostly sold, and the stock win¬ 
tered is fed upon coarse fodder, with meal as 
occasion requires. Tho wheat aud other 
crops on these farms showed a heavy stand 
and the land indicated good cultivation. 
The land in this section is not so well 
adapted to dallying as in Loudoun Co., Va., 
being not, so well provided with springs and 
streams, still we think the dairy may be 
prosecuted with success on most farms, and 
as dairy products can be marketed at good 
prices, and as the making of manures in large 
quantities is an object, more dairy stock 
should be introduced upon the farms. This 
subject will be treated more in detail in our 
closing remarks on Maryland farming. 
-- 
THE CANADA CHEE3E EXHIBITION. 
It is on I} - a few years ago t hat the Cana¬ 
dians drew their supplies of cheese from the 
United States, anti our annual account for 
cheese amounted to a considerable sum. 
About the years 1864-5 cheese making on the 
factory system began in Canada, and since 
then dairying has occupied the earnest atten¬ 
tion of Canadians. They seemed to have com¬ 
prehended from the first that the country 
was well adopted to the business and all 
that was wanting to their success was a 
thorough understanding ns to the manage¬ 
ment of dairy stock and correct knowledge 
as to the cheese-making ait. They have 
been persistent and painstaking in the latter, 
and the result is, that g reat and rapid prog¬ 
ress has beeu attained, 
Canada cheese at first was inferior and hod 
no name in the English markets except 
among the low-priced goods, but of late tho 
product has been so improved that Canada 
Cheese is inquired for arid desired This has 
come from resolute effect to make tm article 
equal to the best, and no pains are spared to 
stimulate manufacturers to greater progress. 
One of the means employed for this purpose, 
is the inauguration of cheese fairs in which 
large premiums are offered for the best 
article. 
Tbe Cheese Exhibition this year, open to 
all Canada, is to be held in Belleville, under 
the auspices of tho Canadian Dairymen’s 
Association on Wednesday, Sept. 30th, and 
Thursday, Oct 1st., the premiums amounting 
to §500 in gold. The following i3 tho schedulo 
of awards : 
Clast A. —BestG factory cheese, make of 
1874, not less tbon 50 pounds each—Two 
cheese made in July, one on the 23d. and one 
on the 20th July ; two cheese made ni August 
one on the ilth and one on the 20th August. • 
two cheese made in September, oho on the 
1st and one on tho Sth September, each 
cheese to weigh not less than 50 pounds, to be 
judged and awarded prizes on their merits 
and excellence for shipping purposes to the 
English markets, to be the actual make of 
the date* named. First rrize, $100 : second 
$75 } third, $50 ; fourth, $25 ; fifth, $20 , sixtb, 
$15; seventh. *lu ; eighth, ninth, tenth, 
eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth, $5 each. 
Class B. — President’s prize, given by 
Ketch an Graharu, M. P. P., gold medal, value 
350 and upwards, best two factory-made 
cheese, season of 1874, to weigh not Jess than 
fifty pounds each, of any age, description or 
color. Cheese to ba judged, not for present 
use, but best value for Brittish markets. 
Prize to bo given to tho cheese-maker who 
manufactures the cheese. 
Class C. -Best two factory-made cheese 
season of 1374, to weigh nor, less than fifty 
pounds eacn, to be plain white, uncolored 
cheese of any aye. First prize $15 ; second, 
$10. These prizes arc given by Thomas 
Watkins, Esq., Belleville. 
Butter.— Best firkin of butter, to weigh not 
less than eighty pounds, $20. Best tub but' er, 
not less than fifty pounds, first prize, §15 • 
second, $10; third, $5, to be judged on its 
merits for shipping purposes to British or 
other markets. 
Some of the conditions under which cheese 
is to be shown, are—that no cheese is to be 
boxed previous to Exhibition under forfeit¬ 
ure of prize. 
Any person making misrepresentations or 
giving incorrect answers to questions will 
forfeit the prize. No two cheeses of same 
day's make to be shown. The same cannot 
be shown in more than one cliss. 
Each entry must be accompanied with a 
lucid, concise statement of the process of 
manufacturing, handling of milk, process of 
curing &c., &c. 
W. E. Yates of Belleville is the Chairman 
of the committee pf arrangements who will 
furnish all information concerning the show 
to those desiring to make a display of their 
manufacture. 
It would be well for the dairy interest “ on 
this side the line” if a similar cheese-fair 
could be iaaugerated. 
