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LARGE RESULTS AND RATE OF PROFIT 
IN DAIRY MATTERS. 
Having noticed in a late number of the 
Rural some reported cases of successful 
dairying, I have thought it may interest the 
general reader, as well as those in the busi¬ 
ness, to furnish a few more examples of 
remarkable results. As farming is consid¬ 
ered by some an unproftable calling, it is 
perhaps well enough to exhibit occasionally 
afew of the many indications on record that 
this impression is erroneous. It would not, 
I think, be difficult to show that very few 
brauches of business offer more ample in¬ 
ducements, in the way of profit on the in¬ 
vestment, than either farming in general or 
dairying in particular, whenever these pur¬ 
suits are rightly conducted. It is one of the 
interesting features of the dairy that it is 
widely adapted to varieties of soil and cli¬ 
mate, and may be pursued with advantage 
in nearly every sectiou of the country. 
Going back to the beginningof the present 
century, one of the earliest remarkable cases 
we meet with comes from English soil. The 
“Cramp” cow of Lewes, in England, gave a 
product of butter during five years that 
ranged from 450 pounds per annum to 075 
pounds, and averaged for the whole time 
about 500 pounds. This la rge yield of butt or 
was evidently due to the quality of the milk 
rather than the quantity, as the largest yield 
of milk in any one day did not. exceed 20 
quarts. At the present price of butter in 
fhis country such a cow would bo worth to 
the owner more than $100 a year over and 
above the cost of keeping. Ia 1810 the 
“Oates” cow of Massachusetts gave a pro¬ 
duct of 434>£ pounds of butter during the 
year, the largest amount in one week being 
10,^ pounds, and the best yield of milk in 
one day IS quarts. Five quarts of this milk 
frequently produced a pound of butter. 
It is pertinent to remark here, in passing, 
that large products of butter, cheese, or 
milk, are not merely the evidence of the 
natural capacity or the cow, but also indi¬ 
cate, in nearly all eases, intelligence and good 
management on the part of the owner ■ and 
it may be further added that even the ca¬ 
pacity of the cow is itself, to a certain ex¬ 
tent, the product of human skill. 
It appeal's from the report of Ward 
Parker, in the Mirror and Farmer, that his 
cash returns from live cows for one year 
were $780, in addition to the milk and butter 
used in the family. A cow owned by J. L. 
Cosway of Oakfield, N. Y., as reported in 
the Rural, gave 430 pounds of butter in six 
months, from 8,782 pounds of milk. A Short- 
Horn owned by Mr. Can by, in Delaware, 
known as the “ Blossom” cow, gave 253]^ 
quarts of milk per week, being an average 
of over 80 quarts per day. In the transac¬ 
tions of the New York State Agricultural 
Society the average product of cheese per 
cow in the dairy of A. L. Fisn is reported at 
775 pounds per annum. The Vermont Watch¬ 
man reports 454 pounds of butter in ten 
months from a cow of Amasa Scorr of 
Craftsbury, the cash returns for the butter 
being 8207. This extraordinary result is due 
in part to the price obtained for the butter, 
which brought during part of the year OOe, 
per pound. Another journal reports 35 
quarts of milk per day as the product of a 
Dutch cow belonging to W. Chenery of 
Massachusetts. But for quantity of milk 
the Ayrshire cow, “Old Creamer,” belong¬ 
ing to S. IJ. Hunuerford of Jefferson Co., 
N. Y., stands at the head of the list, having 
yielded in three days the unexampled pro¬ 
duct of 302 pounds. Col. Waring has stated 
the yearly cash product of his herd of Jer¬ 
seys at $172.70 per cow, which is about $130 
over the cost of feeding. This rare profit, 
which, for an entire herd, is quite remark¬ 
able, is due in part to the important fact, no 
less true in other farming than in the dairy, 
that quality is one of the secrets of profit. 
In the dairy of Haskell of Deerfield, Mass, 
(consisting of Jerseys, pure and grade), the 
cash sales for butter during seven years 
amounted to nearly 81,000 per cow, the 
highest product in one year being $143.81 
per cow, and the average about $185. A 
farmer of Malone, N. Y., has reported to 
the Country Gentleman a cross-bred Devon 
cow that gave during the past year 519 
pounds of butter from 11,388 pounds of milk, 
in addition to milk and butter used in the 
family. 
The examples here cited of remarkable 
dairy products are, of course, but a small 
fraction of the long catalogue that might be 
enumerated. But the instances referred to 
are sufficient to show the possibilities of the 
£ 
MOOBE’8 BUBAL NEW-YORKER. 
dairy and to stimulate the efforts of those 
engaged in it. In a part of the cases above 
quoted the products are given for the entire 
year. If, in comparing these cases, we sup¬ 
pose the price of the butter, when not stated, 
to be 30c. per pound, and the cost of feeding 
to be $40 per year per cow, it shows the fol¬ 
lowing result for each cow, in round num¬ 
bers, less $40 estimated cost of feeding : 
Over cost 
of feeding* 
Cramp cow, 560 lbs., at 30c... $108 $1;>H 
Oaks cow, 4.84b' lbs., at 30c... 145 105 
Malone cow, olfl lbs., at 30c.. 155 ll5 
Parker's sales per cow at ac¬ 
tual prices. 150 11G 
Haskell’s sales per cow at 
actual prices. 135 95 
Scott's sales per cow at ac¬ 
tual prices..... 207 107 
Warlng's sales per cow at 
actual prices.. 172 132 
No account is here taken of milk and but¬ 
ter used in the family, nor of pork made 
from The waste of the dairy, nor of the value 
of the manure. If we assume these to be 
equal to the other expenses (the keeping be¬ 
ing already deducted, we then have an ave¬ 
rage net profit of over $120 per annum for 
each of the above cows. 
Now, if it be said that; these cases are en¬ 
tirely exceptional and that, being out of the 
range of ordinary experience, they are of 
little or no consequence, seeing that ordinary 
farmers cannot expect to equal them, the 
answer is—First, that this mode of reason¬ 
ing. if carried to its legitimate results, would 
put an end to all progress; and secondly, 
that these cases are not cited ftj results of 
dally experience but simply as showing what 
may be accomplished by thinking men who 
are quick to discern the conditions of success 
and know how to take advantage of them. 
There are, of course, examples to be found 
on the other side. There are countless cases 
of slovenly funning for those who delight in 
dwelling upon them ; cases, no doubt, of 
dairying conducted on a wrong system or 
without any system at. all ; esses wherein 
poorly fed cattle repay neglect with meager 
returns. Such instances, however, only serve | th7two‘for'* water’ 
to allow that moompoteuey must always 
fail to win the prizes that wait upon intelli¬ 
gence and enterprise. But they do not show 
that maximum results arc beyond the reach 
of ordinary men. It. is a mistake to suppose, 
us many do, that facts indicating .success in 
husbandry are at all answered or diminished 
in value by facts of an opposite kind. There 
is an important distinction between the two 
cases. If one man fails to do what another 
succeeds in doing, it is at the best but a nega¬ 
tive argument for the failing party, while 
the fact of success is positive and full of 
meaning, and stands out to view challenging 
criticism and compelling recognition. If, for 
example, it has been proved that farmer 
Jenkins keeps five cows in good order 
through the year on the product of two 
acres, while Simpkins on the next farm, with 
a similar soil and a like breed of cattle, is 
only able to keep one cow on an acre, does 
the latter case in any manner neutralize the 
former or impair the value of it t Certainly 
not. The comparison simply shows that one 
man has developed a possibility in dairying 
which the other has not been able to reach. 
Clearly, then, all examples of success in 
farming, all large results, if proved beyond 
any doubt, are instructive and useful, and 
not to be disparaged nor kept out of view 
merely because Jffiere are some men ; who 
fail to perceive the value of them who re 
shire in 1865 and examined some of the 
dairies, and saw the cheese on sale at the 
Chippenham market, one of the most noted 
country cheese markets in Britain. One of 
the best arranged dairies in North Wilts is 
that of Mr. Gregory near Chippenham, and 
his management is similar to others in that 
locality. The favorite breed of milch Btoek 
in that, section is the Short-Horn, which is 
selected more for milking qualities than for 
capacity to take on flesh. In the winter 
management of the cows there is one feature, 
which may prove a valuable suggestion to 
American dairymen who are looking for the 
best results in the case of milch stock. Mr. 
Gregory divides his herd into lots of eight 
or ten, and each lot, has a separate yard, care 
being taken as near as can bo to put those of 
the same age together. We are convinced 
from observation and experiment that cattle 
will always winter better with less liability 
to accident when they are kept in small lots. 
Large herds should always if possible be 
be divided and the different lots kept, in 
separate yards. It may nob be convenient, 
to split, Up the herd into so small lots, as in 
Mr. Gregory’s plan, but in a herd of from 
30 to 50 cows tWO lots at least should be 
made and the arrangement so made that 
they do not run together. Whei-e buildings 
and water are not suitable, or cuunofc be 
made to conform to this plan without much 
expense, a part of the cattle may bo let out 
of the stable at certain hours of the day and 
a part at other hours, so that the division in 
this way may be maintained. Everyone 
having experience with large herds, whore 
the annuals arc allowed to run together, 
must have, observed the liability to accident 
and disease which are occurring from time 
to time among the weaker members of the 
herd; and the trouble comes not unf requeue 
ly from injury inflicted by master cows. 
THE CHEESE-MAIOHG PROCESS. 
The nights’ and mornings’ moss of milk are 
taken to make a cheese. The night’s milk is 
placed in a. double vat, with spaces between 
It is loft for the 
night surrounded with flowing water, by 
which means it is thoroughly cooled. In the 
morning the cream which has risen is taken 
off for butter-making. The temperature of 
the milk, after the raornitig’s mess has been 
added, is now raised to about 80° when a 
sufficient quantity of prepared armutto is 
added to give the cheese the required color¬ 
ing which in this class of cheese is preferred 
by the dealers to be rather high. The ren¬ 
net is now thoroughly mingled in the mass, 
a sufficient quantity being used to produce 
thorough coagulation in 60 minutes. The 
rennet is made by adding salt to water until 
uu egg will float in it and then boiling the 
brine for about 30 minutes. The coagulation 
of the milk having been perfected it is now 
carefully cut with revolving knives which 
are fitted to the vat, and are slowly put in 
motion at first, but move faster as the curd 
hardens. 
When the whole mass is thoroughly broken 
it ia heated to about 90°, sometimes a few 
degrees above according to the temperature 
of the weather. After remaining a short 
time for the curd to harden, the next process 
is to draw the whey. This being done tho 
curd is allowed to settle down into a solid 
mass; it still contains considerable whey, 
and the object being to drain off as much of 
the moisture as possible, the curd is cut with 
I a sharp knife, more whey is thus liberated 
gard progressive farming as an invasion of and it becomes tolerably firm in from five to 
their vested rights, and who find in the 
achievements of successful men a standing 
rebuke of their own slow and easy methods. 
Of course, reflecting men do not argue in this 
way. Whenever farmers acquire the habit 
of thinking, tiiey caase to class themselves 
with tike op posers of progress. Therefore, 
lot progressive men go on with their achieve 
ments, developing new ideas by multiplying 
large results. Every extraordinary yield, 
whether of butter or beef or grain, is a strong 
fact and standing argument. Let this argu¬ 
ment ba continually and everywhere repeat¬ 
ed, until farmers discover the necessity of 
employing mind as well as muscle in tilling 
the soil, until they are brought to understand 
that thought is an instrument more valuable 
than machinery, more potent than steam ; 
that it is a fertilizer more powerful than the 
best manure, yet equally valuable for every 
crop and in every branch of industry. 
Morrisania, N. Y. Conrad Wilson. 
DAIRYING IN WILTSHIRE MANUFAC¬ 
TURE OF WILTSHIRE CHEESE. 
W iltshire cheese has a reputation in the 
markets of England, and usually sells at a 
price considerably above that for American. 
And yet Wiltshire cheese is made from milk 
partly skimmed. The writer was in Wilt¬ 
ten minutes. Then another cutting or two 
takes place which completely drains off the 
whey, and the curds are now put in the hoop 
and under pressure for about twenty 
minutes, during which time the remaining 
whey is removed. The curd is now taken 
from the press to tho cheese vat and again 
cut over in thin slices. In this state it re¬ 
mains spread out in < he vat to cool for hall' 
an hon r or so, when it ia ground in a curd mill 
and salted. By this time it is about the 
consistency of chopped suet, and is at once 
returned to the .hoops and put to press in 
sizes known as “North Wilts Fours”—that 
is four cheeses to the hundred woight—or 
Double Glosters. Ail that remains now, 
so far n3 the cheese are concerned, is to 
ripen them off gradually for the market. 
-- 
absurdities.— Frosted grass does not tend 
to dry up cows. Apples in moderate quan¬ 
tities have no such tendency, but on the con¬ 
trary may be fed to advantage—especially 
sweet apples. Potatoes are said to dry up 
cows also—nothing is more absurd, for they 
are an eminently milk-producing food—and 
when small potatoes are not boiled and fed 
to pigs, the cows ought to have them. 
Pumpkins are well known as excellent milk 
feed. The seeds, however, are diuretic in 
this tendency and very likely reduce the 
quantity of milk. 
TAKING TEXAS CATTLE TO ENGLAND. 
A correspondent of the London Field 
writes : 
I have traveled through the Southern 
States, and have now four sons residing in 
Texas, and can bear testimony to the abun¬ 
dance of cattle bred <>n those boundless 
prairies, where they roam by tens of thous¬ 
ands, and at some time or other get killed for 
the value of the hide and fat alone, or per¬ 
chance live out tho span of their natural 
lives. Iu tho counties lying adjacent to the 
Gulf ports there are to be found many “ beef 
packerles,” where at this season hundreds of 
animals, well fattened, are killed daily for 
the offal, saving but just the primest parts 
for human consumption. 
' I have received letters by last mail stating 
that good fat bullocks can be purchased 
within a range of sixty miles of tho coast 
for .£3 per hoar}. I have also offers to send 
me to England, if I can provide shipment for 
t hem, any number of three and four years’ 
old horses, unbroken, at £5 per head, and 
gentled and broken horses at, £10 per head 
(and these, are not, the small “ Mustang,” but 
the “ American ” horse, as largo as our own 
brood) ; large Mexican sheep for a few dol¬ 
lars. And all this superabundant stock 
within twenty days’ steam of British ports. 
Now, these Texan breeders aro as anxious 
for the sale as we are for the purchase of 
their stock. Hera is a field for enterprise ! 
Cannot some of this food be brought to this 
country ; for we cannot all afford to pay Is. 
2d, per pound for beef and Is. per pound for 
mutton. I have heard it said that the meat 
is too coarse for our consumption. Now, we 
all know quality appertains to the animal 
bred and fattened in a natural state more 
than to one artificially reared and sustained. 
I was favored with an interview with the 
managing director of the “Live Cattle Im¬ 
portation Co. Limited,” who showed and 
explained to mo his patent fittings to be ap¬ 
plied to ships for tho transit of cattle ; and 
apparently Mr. F. II. Ralph, the patentee 
has done much to remove the obstacles 
hitherto existing for a safe and remunerative 
trade to bo done with these trans-Atlantic 
breeders. 
Tho patent ia a succession of stalls framed 
together, six in each frame (removable if re¬ 
quired), with continuous strong netting 
passing under each animal and over rollers 
on the separating bars ; each six animals 
being sustained in position, In ease of storm, 
by the opplication of a winch, which can bo 
tightened or slackened at pleasure—protect¬ 
ing them from bruises and falls, nud prevent¬ 
ing them forging ahead or backward—secur¬ 
ing tho safety and comfort of the animals 
thus stalled ; which system can be multiplied 
to suit the size of the ship. 
If all this should work well, the company 
that has purchased the patent must be a 
success. “ The proof of the pudding is in the 
eating,” an oil saving that will bo applicable 
to this patent, which is, I hoar, about to be 
adopted at once to bring home a cargo of 
cattle before Christinas. 
-♦-*-*- 
SHORT-HORN SALES IN ENGLAND. 
Two famous sales of Short-Horn cattle oc¬ 
curred Sept. 9 and 10. The first was at the 
Duke of Devonshire’s Holkcr estate, and 
here 28 cows and heifers and 15 bulls of va¬ 
rious ages sold for the magnificent sum of 
£16,497 sterling, or about $98,983 in green¬ 
backs. The females averaged about $2,744 
each, and the bull3 $1,419. The animals were 
of the popular Bites strains, and largely of 
the Oxford, Wild Eyes and Barrington fam¬ 
ilies. Notwithstanding the prices realized, 
bidding is represented as dragging. 
The next day the Earl of Bective, one of 
the principal buyers at tho New York Mills 
sale, offered at Unclerley Bark 40 cows and 
15 bulls of prevailing Bates strains or crosses 
among thorn, some being fine and well-pedi¬ 
greed animals. The bulls sold exceedingly 
well, and were led off by the American 
bred bull Third Duke of Gloucester, by Tenth 
Duke of Thorndale, which sold for about 
$5,670. The principal families represented 
among the cows sold were the Siddlingtons 
or Kirkleavingtons. Darlingtons, Gwynnes 
aud Wild Ryes. A Cherry Princess brought 
1,220 guineas, or about $7,636, a higher price 
than any cow brought at the sale of the day 
previous, and Was bought by Mr, Holforjd. 
The total sales amounted to £19,577 sterling, 
or say $119,862. The cows and heifers (among 
them quite a number of calves) averaged 
about $2,292, the bulls $1,869, the general 
average being $1,179. The American Duch¬ 
esses and their kindred bought at the Camp¬ 
bell sale are reported as doing finely. 
C 
