The writer once rather urged a shilling 
upon a bright New England lad who had 
done him a little favor, *'No I t hank you, 
said he firmly, adding laughingly: “ I have 
no nse for any money 1 don’t earn.” 'ihat 
boy’s words teach a lesson on the dignity of 
labor which cot only the President of Dart¬ 
mouth but many others of us may take to 
heart. 
The potash in a neutral state is best added 
by dissolving it in water and wetting the 
heap with the solution. We say in a neutral 
state, as a muriate, or a sulphate, or as the 
if the caustic carbonate of 
SOVEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY AT YONKERS. 
The Sovereigns of Iudustry, an Order de¬ 
signed to promote the interests of the Indus¬ 
trial Classes, were noticed, at length, in the 
Rural New-Yorker at the time of their 
origin, last Winter. Since then the Ol der 
has made considerable progress in various 
parts of the country. It has a National Conn¬ 
ed, (with headquarters at Worcester, Mass.,) 
several State and numerous subordinate or 
local Councils. Among those of the latter 
recently formed is a Council at Yotikers City, 
N. Y., which was organized a few weeks ago 
by Deputy H. R. Mattison, an officer of the 
National Council, under very favorable aus¬ 
pices, At the organization there were nearly 
twenty charter members. Mr. EbeNEZeu 
Curtice was elected President; I. G. Bell, 
Vice-President-; J. P. Dow, Secretary ; E. 
Archer, Steward ; James Biugerstaff, 
Lecturer, and Wm. Conk, Treasurer. We 
understand that this Council is rapidly in¬ 
creasing in numbers and influence. At its 
last, meeting seventeen joined the Council and 
thirty made application for membership. 
As many of our readers are aware, the 
Order of Sovereigns of Industry is similar in 
its aims and objects to that of t.he Patrons of 
Husbandry, with which it /ft harmonious— 
but it admits persons who are not eligible to 
membership in the P. of H. (such as mechan¬ 
ics, manufactiners, merchants and other 
business men, etc.,) and is therefore better 
kainit., because 
potash be used in the proportion necessary 
to be added it will drive off the ammonia 
generated in the process of fermentation. 
But neither the neutral muriate of potash, 
which is a chemical combination of common 
sail and potash, nor the sulphate of potash, 
which is a combination of sulphuric acid and 
potash, nor the kainit, which is a combina¬ 
tion of sulphuric acid, potash, magnesia, 
common salt and land potash, will thus drive 
off the ammonia, and hence are more desira¬ 
ble in compost than the carbonate, while the 
price is many times less. The crude carbon¬ 
ate being worth about eight cents per pound, 
while the muriate will cost but 2}4 cents per 
pound and the kainit only \% cents per 
pound in original packages in quantities to 
suit. 
But where the land has sufficient organic 
matter the ground bones may be mixed di¬ 
rectly with the potash, in a fine state, and 
sown broadcast, at the rate of 300 pounds of 
bones and 100 pounds of the neutral potash 
to the acre. 
The elements of these two substances 
must be in the soil or must be added to it to 
insure the production of grain of any kind, 
especially wheat. 
BEX IN PLANTS 
Mr A P. Herr in the Michigan Farmer, 
informs us that '• Seeds of themu lej umpkin, 
although they will grow an i the vine blos¬ 
som freely, will never produce numpkim It 
is the seed-i of the females only that bear. 
Tney are easily distinguished; the female 
Dumokin has a three-cornered indentation m 
the bless""' oml, where the maw has a pro- 
tuoerance.” 
We clip the above from one of out West¬ 
ern exchanges, the editor of which indomee. 
Mr . Kerr’s statement as follows : 
Mr Kerr is correct in his statement in 
relation to the sex of the pumpkin, and the 
same thing is true m regard to the cymling 
also. The sex mav be easily distinguished, 
“A LITTLE LAND WELL TILLED.” 
From a Brussels letter in the Chicago Tri¬ 
bune we extract the following to show what 
can be done on a small area of territory. The 
correspondent, after discussing the prosper¬ 
ity of the people, coal and iron interests, 
&c., thus speaks of Belgium and her agricul¬ 
tural achievements; 
“ Belgium is only a small patch of territory, 
containing barely 10,-100 square miles ; but 
on this little area there is supported in com¬ 
fort and independence 5,4u0,000 souls 1 Can 
your readers realize that on a space not ex¬ 
ceeding one-filth that of Illinois there is con¬ 
centrated the population of Illinois, Iowa, 
Wisconsin and Minnesota ? But such is the 
fact. 
Not only does Belgium produce sufficient 
food for her population, including barley for 
the manufacture of beer, of which large 
quantities are consumed, but she grows 
nearly enough sugar beets to supply her 
people with what “sweetening” they need; 
and in the mountain districts of Ardennes 
grapes enough are grown to produce a con¬ 
siderable part of all the wine consumed in 
FIELD NOTES 
Compton's Surprise Potato. —F- *>. K. 
We have grown it this year, but not under 
the most favorable circumstances. It was 
grown on dry, gravel soil (not what we re¬ 
gard best potato soiL) and did not produce as 
large and smooth tubers as we have seen. 
But Geo. W. Bond, Adams, N. Y,, sent us a 
peck that were as handsome as need lie, good 
size, and as a baking potato not excelled in 
any respect by the old Pinkeye, It is cer¬ 
tainly the best flavored potato we have eaten 
of the newer sorts. 
Rye Grass—(l 3. F. W.)—Tin’s grass (Lo- 
lium perenne ) has not, so far as we are aware, 
been successfully cultivated in the country. 
It was introduced here many years ago and 
is esteemed as a pasture grass on rich soils. 
It is but little known and little valued, so far 
as we are aware. 
DOWN THEY GO 
was badly tinea oy au ignorant*, »upb* bi/iuuus 
and poverty-pinched peasantry. But as fast 
as the lands, under the operation of the 
French laws, became the property of those 
who farmed them, the system of tillage Im¬ 
proved, aud the condition of the people 
changed from pauperism into independence. 
“ There is’novv no hereditary land monop¬ 
oly aud no idle land in Belgium. Not an acre 
is devoted to deer parks, pheasautries, or 
other sportiug purposes, for the enjoyment 
of a luxurious and dissolute aristocracy, 
while masses of men are starving for bread. 
As I travel through Belgium I see swarms of 
men, women and children cutting down e nd 
gathering a harvest of grain and grass, 
where the wheat will yield 30 to 40 bushels 
to the acre, the oats 50 to 15 bushels, and the 
hay 2% to 4 tons per acre ; while the ensuing 
product of flax and of root crops—potatoes 
and beets—will be beyond the American 
conception of possibilities. The strawber¬ 
ries, red raspberries and gooseberries brought 
to market, while not superior in flavor to 
those sold in Chicago, are twice or thrice as 
large. 
“These enormous yields of agricultural 
and horticultural products are not in conse¬ 
quence of a better soil or climate than in 
America, but are the results of heavy ma¬ 
nuring, deep plowing and spading, subsoil- 
i Ug , under-draining when required, irrigation 
when possible, watchful hoeing and weed¬ 
ing, free use of guano and other fertilizers 
for top-dressing, and careful harvesting and 
storage of crops, whereby nothing is wasted, 
lost, or allowed to rot in the field. Thin per¬ 
fect system of tillage never was adopted or 
thought of until the land became the prop¬ 
erty of the cultivators of the soil, and the 
relation of landlord and tenant ceased to 
exist. The price of land in Belgium ranges 
from $200 to $1,000 per acre, and a fair ave¬ 
rage would be $400 to $500 ; but there is very 
little offered for sale. 
“Brussels possesses a park which for ex¬ 
tent Is unrivaled in Europe, and before long 
will have no superior in beauty—the great 
forest of Soigues, which extends from the 
inducements are offered. “What what’s 
the matter/’” What’s the cause of all this* 
They didn’t do so in former years. The 
Grangers are in the field. They cannot be 
deceived by these circulars, issued by differ¬ 
ent houses, all of which are regulated by 
one grand central wheat ring. They propose 
to do their own business in their own way— 
to make their own arrangements and follow 
them out, sly dodges and tempting offers to 
the contrary notwithstanding; and in this 
jinn decision lies their own safety. Should 
tney, at this critical stage of the game, allow 
themselves to be hoodwinked by any of the 
artful schemes adopted by their adversaries, 
and lose faith in their own ability to manage 
their own affairs; should they allow any of 
the misrepresentations concerning their 
chosen leaders and agents to cause them to 
hesitate or waver in their firm, united sup¬ 
port to these their representatives, that 
moment victory will perch upon the banner 
of the foe, and the defeated farmers will 
fall back helpless into the hands 0? their 
former tyrants. Grangers, stand by those 
whom you have chosen to act for you. f heir 
actions are all open to your inspection. 
Should they prove unworthy, the remedy is 
in your own hands. 
“BOHEMIAN” QAT3. 
INCLOSED you will find a small sample of 
oats ubuut which 1 would like to have some 
information t.luongh the columns of the Ru¬ 
ral New-Yorker. It is here called “ Bohe¬ 
mian Oats.” Is this the right name ’{ Has 
it been raised by auv of the Rural readers 
in the Slates ? W he re can it be got, and what 
is the price per bushel * What, is the average 
yielu per acre l Whence does it originate ? 
There is a l.ttle of it raised in this section, 
but it is all hsld by a so-called 4 ring” at a 
verv lugli figure. It is contitieted by out- 
siders, generally, as a humbug, although it is 
represented by lUe 41 ring” to oe the gie-atest 
and best thing in the world. Therefore, I 
would like to gel th - opinion and experituice 
of otheis who know something about it. By 
answering you will greatly oblige—H. S. 
Hummel, Gampden, Ontario. 
The sample sent was easily recognized as 
th - same humbug advertised in Wisconsin, 
in 1S7L, at 50 cents per quart. It is the old 
Advena nnda or naked out. In England it 
was called the Peelcoru (or Pileoru) oat. It 
is a very old variety, hardy, and produces a 
moderate crop where ether grain would not 
be expected to thrive ; but it has been known 
in the States for fifty years and ha.s never 
made any one rich grow mg it, being less pro¬ 
ductive than newer varieties; besides, it is 
condemned because of the liability of the 
grain to drop before it is fully ripe. It lias 
been repeatedly put on the niaiket as a new 
and rare and valuable grain, and lias as fre¬ 
quently failed to realize the expectations 
raised. We do not know where it can be 
obtained nor at what price ; for we do not 
know any one fooliish enough to grow it, 
unless with the pux-pose of making a good 
thing out of oilier people’s credulity with it. 
THE DIGNITY OF LABOR 
President Smith of Dartmouth College 
recent!., in complimenting the students on 
the energy with which they have taken hold 
of boating, spoke of the dignity of labor as 
being more praised than practised, holding 
up the public sentiment of Dartmouth Col¬ 
lege as exceptionally correct in this particu¬ 
lar. He said, as reported in the Springfield 
Republican .* it is refreshing to notice au 
instance which is of so common occurrence 
that it attracts no attention in the district 
where it occurs. The students who act as 
waiters in the hotels at the WliltO Mountains 
during the summer, come chiefly from that 
college (Dartmouth) where labor has always 
been honorable, sixteen from that institution 
having served in the Profile House this sea¬ 
son. They get as regular wages $20 a month, 
which is sometimes trebled by donations, etc., 
so that the student obtains sufficient funds 
to support himself for a considerable time 
after the college opens. “ When we consid¬ 
er,” said President Smith, “the fact that 
nearly one-third of the students of Dart¬ 
mouth leacli school during the winter, and 
-work at harvesting during the summer, we 
need have no fear about the dignity of labor 
becoming an obsolete expression.” 
“ Sometimes trebled by donations” There 
is something wroi g about the esthetics of 
Dartmouth when the students will accept 
“ donations.” Fees for service not rendered, 
or for favors and partialities unjustly shown. 
Money earned is one tiling ; presents given 
and received in friendship another ; but this 
gratuity from strangers can only be accepted 
servilely, it degrades rather than dignifies 
labor—no not labor—it degrades him who 
would otherwise be honored by his labor. If 
students cannot be waiters at hotels and re¬ 
ceive fair wages without depending upon 
“donations'’ flung to them by the rich for 
special favors which the economical traveler 
is deprived of, they had better give it up 
and try some honorable labor. It is a crying 
shame that feeing waiters in this country is 
getting to be as much a matter of course, as 
it is in England. But it is only another indi¬ 
cation of the general lowering of the tone of 
public sentiment. 
numerous, active, ana nm* 
enemies. United and harmonious, we are 
strong for them, and they know it; lie 
their "policy is to “divide and con quo 
That game should be understood. We u 
not play into their hands. It would deli 
them to see the West arrayed against 
East, and the South against the North, 
they will do their best to foment disc< 
They will not succeed except thro 
our own supreme folly, and thank b 
there are no signs of such folly, at pres- 
From the Atlantic to the Pacific, and u 
Canada to Florida, the Order is a a 
Democrat and Republican; Northern 
Southern; those who wore the blae,“ 
those who, but a few years ago met then 
deadly strife, clad in gray, are brother 
the Grange, and the fraternal gnp *- 
warm and as hearty for the one as to 
other. For proof of this, brothels o 
North and West, come down South and t 
our Granges. We know our people, and 
know what we say, when we P r °“ is ^ • 
not merely a friendly greeting, ' u a 
cordial, brotherly welcome. 
MANURE FOR WHEAT 
The Delaware State Journal saysWher¬ 
ever organic matter abounds in the soil a 
free use of bones and potash will speedily re¬ 
store it to its original fertility. In sandy 
soils organic matter in the form of peat, 
muck, or leaf mold should be combined with 
the bones and potash. The finer the bones 
are ground the more speedy their action. If 
the bones are ground in a raw state, that is 
wi’hout steaming or burning, and ground 
very fine and mixed with three times their 
weight of fine muck or pieat, or leaf mold, 
and kept moist for three weeks before being 
used, tuey will generate all the ammonia 
necessary to the rapid growth of wheat or 
other growing crops, without the addition of 
other substances. 
Bean Farm in Minnesota.—I n Martin Co., 
Minnesota, an Englishman named Shearman 
is reported as having from one thousand five 
hundred to two thousand acres of beans 
under cultivation, and succeeds in growing 
them on sod land. His efforts prove profit¬ 
able. 
