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©ST. 34 
^bffricttltural 
THE YELLOWS OF THE PEACH. 
A P omologica.Ii Club of South Haven, 
(Mich.) it seems appointed a committee to 
investigate this disease. They make a very 
sensible report after considerable investiga¬ 
tion. We find it copied from the Sentinel 
into the Michigan Farmer, and give their 
conclusions, adding what we believe to be a 
fact that peach trees will almost surely have 
the yellows if standing upon poor soil the 
grass grows Around them, if worms attack 
their roots or stems and if suffered to over¬ 
bear. When they are wall manured, the 
bark kept clean, wood ashes applied about 
the roots, and broken or diseased limbs 
promptly removed, they will be free for 
years. The report is as follows : 
“Your Committee are undecided as to 
whether the yellows are originated by the 
peach tree borer more or less girdling the 
tree just below the surface of the ground, 
overbearing, neglected pruning, the want of 
cultivation or manure, or trees standing in 
grass. One or two eases of the yellows may 
have originated from a combination of those 
causes. Great care should be exercised in 
increasing the vitality of the poach by select¬ 
ing strong, healthy trees and taking oare of 
them. We found numerous cases of budded 
yellows, where diseased buds were used. The 
vitality of the stock or root covers the dis¬ 
ease until the tree comes into bearing, when 
it is seen in the premature reddening of tho 
fruit and yellowing of the. new wood and 
leaves. In the ease of budded yellows all 
the fruit is simultaneously affected, whereas 
in fertilized yellows, or blossoms fertilized 
from the pollen of diseased trees, only those 
identical peaches are affected. We experi¬ 
enced no difficulty in fertilizing a healthy 
tree with diseased pollen, when wo ascer¬ 
tained that the pollen grains on a diseased 
tree were more forward than on a healthy 
tree, and less time was required in using it. 
This accounts for the fact that a diseased 
tree does not always affect all its neighbor¬ 
hood, nor all tho fruit on tho same tree or 
limb. For this reason tho almond is less lia¬ 
ble to the attack -of tho yellows than tho 
nectarine, because it does not bloom simul¬ 
taneously with tho peach. On account of its 
great hardihood, thrift, and adaptability to 
different soils mid exemptions from tho 
borer and splitting of the limb, to incrcaso 
the vitality of the peach we would recom¬ 
mend the use of tho almond for stocks for 
trees. As far as using diseased pits are con¬ 
cerned, your Committee so far have failed 
to make them grow. Buds from diseased 
trees grow readily. 
“ Your Committee are pleased to report 
that the owners of orchards readily concur 
in tho view taken by us, and willingly con¬ 
sent to the removal of diseased trees and 
destruction of the unwholesome fruit, so 
that we can happily say np yellows can he 
found in our orchards—and to completely 
eradicate it, should any occur in our late 
maturing varieties, one or more examina¬ 
tions should be made later in the season.” 
-♦♦♦- 
WHAT PEARS TO PLANT. 
1 wish to commence, with a pear orchard. 
What are the most profitable kinds, and those 
soonest to bear for summer and winter use ? 
— J. T. B., Gratiot, 0. 
THIS question is one of no uncommon oc¬ 
currence, and while we at times are led to 
think that the inquirer should seek his knowl¬ 
edge from careful observation of those who 
have orchards in his neighborhood, wo are 
again reminded that it is possible the inquirer 
is a new resident, and fearing to encroach 
upon the courtesy of his neighbors, sends to 
us the question. It is a somewhat difficult 
one to answer, l’or soil and location, care and 
culture, have largely to make up the success¬ 
ful growth and fruiting of pears. We will 
take this question, however, us coming from 
a farmer, whose land is of a rich clayey loam 
tmd moderately rich in its original elements. 
We will take also into account the possibility 
that ho may nob give other than ordinury 
care and attention to the culture and prun¬ 
ing, so we will say if you are going to 
plant 100 pear trees, plant them 20 feet apart 
each way in quincunx form. Let them all 
be standards— t, c,, pear trees grown upon 
pear stocks. Obtain them when grown two 
years from bud in the nursery ; have them 
all wit h the first circle of branching shoots 
within three feet of the ground. Pay extra 
for having them taken up from the nursery 
with good roots, not grubbed out, as too 
many of tho standard pear trees now are 
dug. This being all understood and done 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER 
“ Secundum artem” we will name for the 
collection of the 100 trees, as follows: — 5 
Clapp’s Favorite, 10 Bartlett, 5 Beurre 
Giffard, 2 Rostiezor, 2 Edmonds, 1 Ty¬ 
son, 10 Beurre Bose, 5 Flemish Beauty, 
5 Onondaga. 20 Beurre d’Anjou, 5 Ste¬ 
vens GfcnC'ssoe, 5 Emile d’Hcpst, 5 Beurre 
Diol, 10 Winter Nelis, 5 Howell, 5 Law¬ 
rence—Total, 100. e. 
<jflori((ultiu[al. 
ODDS AND ENDS. 
BY ADD!. 
Bidbs and Tubers .—“Daily Rural Life,” 
in a lute number of the RuualNkw-Yorker, 
says some good, sensible words touching the 
care of bulbs in autumn; but ho forgot, as 
many of us do, t.o say one word touching the 
way to treat bulbs that have been [lowered 
in pots. It is well known that throughout 
the country there are hundreds of women 
who grmv Lilies, Tuberoses, Hyacinths, Tu¬ 
lips, etc., in pots, and many ol' them fail to 
so secure them that another year they may 
bloom. Permit me to say to all who grow 
bulbous plants in puls that as soon as the 
bloom has faded they should discontinue 
watering and place the pot upon its side in 
some cool, shady place, watch it daily, and 
as fast as t?he foliage decays cut it away. 
Let the plant lie and dry one to two months ; 
then take if up and re-pot and moisten, and 
set in a shady place, with a little bottom 
heat, and soon it will grow and in due time 
bloom. 
Tho Lily of the Valley, Crocus, Narcissus, 
etc., should go into the pots, where only 
ordinary house culture is attainable, in early 
December. They should bo watered only 
just sufficient to keep them moist, and tho 
best way to do this is to put the plant con¬ 
taining the earth and bulb inside of one an 
Inch larger in diameter, and then pack the 
space between tho pots with pulverized char¬ 
coal. Wot this charcoal and the soil around 
the bulb will always have sufficient moisture 
and iievnr be dry nor wet. 
Planting Bulbs. In planting bulbs, such 
os Tulips, Hyacinths, etc., there is much time 
saved in the fact that varieties can be hud 
that when planted at the same time will give 
blooms along as the season progresses ; but 
the musses of those who grow bulbs through¬ 
out the country, as a rule, do not buy each 
and every new thing, but they look to a con¬ 
tinued bloom of their own and exchange 
bulbs with their neighbors, in order, there¬ 
fore, to have blooms from early to late 
spring they prepare their ground carefully 
and deeply, placing a little of the best of 
manure at the base or the digging, and they 
then plant their bulbs, at times varying from 
ten days to two weeks between times—say 
from 20th October to 20th November, Tho 
first plantings come forward and bloom in 
spring, just os much earlier us they were 
planted in the fall. 
In this connection let me say, simply ns a 
reminder—for it has been repeatedly written, 
if you have a large evergreen upon your 
grounds the branches of which so nearly 
reach tho ground that no grass will grow be¬ 
neath thorn, fork up that outside line, say 
two feot wide, lightly, and plant Crocus, 
Narcissus, Lily of the Valley, etc. Tho re¬ 
sult will please you in spring. 
Roses for Christmas.—it you want a few 
Roses to flower at or about Christmas or 
New Year’s time, select now a low of the 
Tea, Hybrid China and Bourbon varieties. 
Take, say Agrippina, Louis i’hillippe, Mrs. 
BosauqUot, Cels Bougere and Soinbreuil. 
Obtain good plants, if you can, grown in the 
open ground, that have not bloomed ; pot 
them, cut them buck to four inches, let them 
stand in a cool place for two weeks, then 
bring them gradually to the light and give 
them, if you cm, more heat at the bottom 
of tho pot thu i at the top. Do not let them 
have too strong sun at midday, unless Lhoy 
are in full leal' and moist of earth without 
being wet. As they grow, when the stems 
are four inches long pinch off the ends, and 
so continue this practice until they com¬ 
mence to bloom. 
- 
FL0E1CULTURAL NOTES. 
Importation of Bulbs .—One of t he dealers 
in bulbs in this city recently told us that 
notwithstanding the acres upon acres of lily 
bulbs grown and sold in this country, there 
are vet over 200,000 yearly imported to 
meet, the demand. 
Werner's Harebell (Campanula Wanneri) 
is one of the best of the dwarf species of 
harebell. Flowers large, purplish blue color 
and beautiful. 
<Jiip tSpmrmg. 
EXPERIENCE WITH LIQUID MANURE. 
We have found it to be an immense saviug 
of manure to use it in the liquid state. In 
fact I think manure may be rammed into an 
old sugar hogshead until it Is full, and then, 
a hole having been bored close to the bottom 
and covered with brush, a full barrel of 
water may be leached through it twice a 
week for a month without apparently dam¬ 
aging the manure. I judge by its effects 
when applied to garden crops after lying a 
few weeks and being worked over compost¬ 
ed with earth. My experiments were not 
accurate, but this I know, that which leached 
through and was applied in tho liquid state 
went four or live times as far as if it had 
been applied directly from the manure heap. 
The manure J speak of is cow and horse 
dung mixed with stalks and bedding. 
Tho manner in which wo apply the liquid 
manure is as follows (I inclose a sketch 
which 1 think your artist can understand 
and, if so, he can improve upon it.)—Wo 
have a barrel upon wheels, hung between 
them, such as is sold at tho agricultural 
stores. The barrel might bo carried on the 
bilge upon an axletree or support for the 
shafts, or handle being provided, so that it 
should always stand nearly level. In this 
wo carry the liquid manure to the garden. 
I procured a piece of half-inch rubber pipe 
twelve feet long and so flexible and com¬ 
pressible that it could easily be closed by the 
pressure of tho hand. One end of this is 
placed in the barrel of liquid then the rest, 
or say 8 or !) feet, slowly lowered into it! 
Tho liquid will thus 111! the tub© so far as it is 
under water. Now close the tube with the 
fingers near tho surface of the water mid 
draw the closed point over the chine and a 
foot or so below the level of the water in 
tho barrel; then let go and the water will 
flow. It may bo thus conveniently and rap¬ 
idly distributed along rows of vegetables 
upon cabbage plants, upon tho lawn or else¬ 
where. Care must always bo had that the 
lower end is never raised above the Jovel of 
tho water in the barrel, for the flow will 
then bo instantly the other way and all the 
water will leave the tube. 
We found it necessary to have a weight 
tied to the end of the tube in the barrel, to 
prevent its being pulled out, and very 
convenient to pass the tube through a short 
piece of lead pipe bent in a curve and hung 
on the chine of the barrel. This is done in 
order that the rubber tube should not be so 
nearly closed as it sometimes is by hanging 
over a sharp edge. Besides, it enabled us to 
keep tho lid shut down. 
if sufficiently careful we could get the 
liquid manure nearly freo from straws and 
dirt, but found it easier to put a strainer on 
the. end of the pipe. This I made of copper 
wire, weaving it in the form 1 sketch, over a 
small bottle gourd as big 
as a man’s fist for a 
foundation. When woven 
I broke the gourd out. 
into this we stuff some 
straw, then insert the 
end of the tube, about to 
tho middle of the basket, 
and then fill up with 
straw stuffed through the 
Interstices in the basket. This is fastened 
upon the end of tho tube securely and is a 
sufficient filter while it does not essentially 
retard the flow. 
When the barrel is moved from place to 
place the discharge end of the tube is simply 
doubled back and gripped tightly in tho 
hand. One man can use the apparatus con¬ 
veniently, but two make quick work of it. 
When the hogshead is fresh filled tho dis¬ 
tributing barrel should be filled with one- 
quarter to one-half manure lye and the rest 
water. Grubber. 
Bergen Co., N. J. 
--—- 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
Are Turnips Valueless for Stock Feed¬ 
ing .—I notice that a writer to the Tribune 
states that farmers find no value in turnips_ 
t hat the stock consume equally as much hay 
when fed with turnips and are no better in 
condition. This may be true, but something 
consists in the manner the stock is fed 
and how sheltered. Certainly, the experi¬ 
ence of good stock growers is recorded giving 
value to turnips as food for stock, and espe¬ 
cially for young animals and milch cows, as 
about ono-half or that ol’ carrots. Let’ us 
have a short article upon this from some 
practical man, for just now turnips are 
to be harvested and their value should be 
known.—E. 
Corn Hushing Aid ,—A correspondent of 
tho Michigan Farmer says “ I send you 
my plan for husking corn, which at this sea¬ 
son may be of some use to your readers. 
Take two pieces of joist, H feet long by 2 by 
1 inches, and fasten together at a distance of 
three foot; fasten a leg on each corner, two 
feet long; nail a slab round side, up for a 
scat lengthwise on top, and the arrangement 
is complete. Let two hands carry it up to 
the shock and taking hold of it on each side, 
throw it ou this rack, and It will he funnel 
quite a help, aiul tho corn will be easier to 
handle.” 
JUDGING AT EXHIBITIONS. 
The Germantown Telegraph of Oct. 7, has 
tho following “reflections” upon a recent 
engraving published in the Rural New- 
Yokkkr ;—“One of our illustrated papers 
LSee Ritual Nkw-Youkku Sept. 5, Page li!8] 
recently sketched a scene at an agricultural 
exhibition. The three judges are looking 
at one poor little ewe of such doubtful char¬ 
acter that the ‘first committee-man’ is 
quite pardonable for the inquiry, * What is 
this tiling for*’ The second responds with 
an inquiring emphasis, ‘This! why, that is 
Judge Jones’ imported ewe, tho mother of 
Bockdoluger, that sold for $2,000, and Judge 
Jones is wortli $100,000.’ 4 Indeed ! ’ re¬ 
sponds tho third, ‘then we must put her 
down for a premium—of course tho first,’ 
“ it is a pity if this little sketch should ex¬ 
cite but a ludicrous smile and then be for¬ 
gotten. There is unfortunately a depth in 
it, which is well worth probing to the bot¬ 
tom. Wo all know that mu- agricultural 
exhibitions, useful, us they are, arc by no 
means what they might be ; and among the 
depressing influences, incompeteuey of the 
judges is often not among the least. Incom¬ 
petency is not the word generally used by 
tho suffering exhibitor. He prefurs to say 
injustice ; but it is not exactly this. The 
average Ljudge wants to encourage the pro¬ 
duction of articles for exhibition. Every one 
who brings an article for exhibition must 
‘ get something ’ in order to encourage him 
to come again. It costs something to bring 
things to tho exhibition, and ‘something’ 
must be awarded in order to pay for the 
trouble. Then again, this is Judge Jones’ 
article. He Is worth $100,000. A society 
cannot get along without money ; only with 
money can the poor exhibitors be paid. 
Judge Jones is a liberal contributor. His 
$100,000 luis often helped the society in an 
emergency. Even the exhibitor of superior 
stock is indebted to Judge Jones’ liberality 
for even the money for the second premium. 
It will please Judge Jones to have tho first, 
premium, and thus he with his money comes 
again. There is, of course, injustice to the 
other exhibitors, but this is not intentional, 
justice to the exhibitor is forgotten in what 
is supposed to be justice to the success of the 
exhibition, 
44 But it is all a mistake. The most flourish¬ 
ing societies are those in which tho law is 
unswerving adherence to rule anil exact 
justice to all ; and those who are the least 
successful are those in which in order to 
‘satisfy all’ an equal distribution of the 
money is awarded among the exhibitors. 
“ It is often said that our exhibitions do 
not seem to show much marked improve¬ 
ment in agriculture, and perhaps the evil we 
have referred to is one of the causes. Judges 
and managers are over-anxious for mere 
display. They care more for people bringing 
things than for the excellences of the things 
themselves. The former is aided by the rule 
of an equal distribution of the money. Lots 
[ of persons will run to their fields'the day 
before exhibition and take anything they 
have when they are sure they will get some¬ 
thing for the little trouble ; but, it takes 
time and labor to grow things witli an es- 
eclal view lo excellence, and this will not 
c taken unless the exhibitor feels rljat the 
article is to be judged on its merits alone. 
T his is but ono field in which judges with 
the best intentions often err. There are 
others which we may refer to some other 
time.” Ljr 
' 
