298 
u 
^OV. 1 SVIOOBE’S BUBAL WEW-YOBKEB. 
RUNNING MILK IN PIPES-LARGE PANS 
FOR SETTING MILK. 
I would like to inquire, through the Ru¬ 
ral New-Yorker, if any of our dairymen 
have had experience in running milk from 
thestable to the milk room in pipe laid under 
ground ; if so, what kind of pipe is best and 
what the process of keeping it sweet., (fee. ? 
also, if there are any milk pans large enough 
to hold a whole milking each, placed on rol¬ 
lers one above the other, say four or five pans 
for a dairy of 25 cows, and whether it is ad¬ 
visable to substitute them for small pans/— 
A. B. Bk.vqaM, McLean, Tompkins Co., 
N. Y. 
I. We have seen milk conveyed from the 
stable to the dairy in piping, both above and 
below the surface of the ground. In one case 
the distance was very considerable, the stable 
being located on a hill and the dairy house 
in the valley below. Lead pipe was used and 
it was placed in troughs above the surface. 
It was used for several years, but the descent 
being rapid, we suppose there was less liabil¬ 
ity of the pipe becoming foul. So soon as 
the milking was completed, the pipe was 
cleaned by running through it cold spring 
water first and afterward hot water. Whon 
piping is laid, it is important to have it laid 
as straight as possible and there should be 
enough descent to carry off the milk rapidly, 
so that the pipe be completely emptied. A 
pail or two of fresh, cool spring water should 
be also put through the pipe just previous to 
the time of using it for the milk. The best 
pipe for the purpose, we should sav, is lead, 
with the inside tin-coated, and it should be 
of one piece, not in parts soldered together, 
as at the points of soldering particles of milk 
will be likely to remain and adhere. For the 
same reason there should be no short crooks 
or bends in the pipe when laid. 
We know of no better way of keepiug the 
pipe clean than to use cold and lint water 
freely and in addition pass through it a solu¬ 
tion of sal soda. The late Gail Borden, a 
short time previous to his death, told us that 
he had found no preparation better for keep¬ 
ing cows and milk utensils clean at his con¬ 
densed factories, than the use of a solution 
of sal soda. 
But after all, take what care we can, piping 
used for conveying milk from one point to 
another will sooner or later become more or 
less foul ; and we know of no practical way 
of thoroughly cleansing it, since we cannot 
well push a swab through the pipe, nor is 
there a chance to inspect the parts from time 
to time. On this account we cannot recom¬ 
mend the usw of piping for conveying milk 
long distances. It is possible, however, that 
in places where the descent is considerable 
and extreme cure is taken to wash out the 
pipe with boiling water, sal soda, ike., as 
described above, and when the milk is to be 
soon manufactured or put to use, no trouble 
of importance would be noticed from the use 
of a good tin-lined pipe. The convenience of 
conveying milk from the stable to the dairy 
house in pipes or by some mechanical device 
is not unfrequently of so much consideration 
that we confess we should be tempted to use 
them in certain situations. Where the loea- 
tion is such that a wire stretched from the 
barn to the milk house willnot be in the way, 
there is a cheap and simple device for run¬ 
ning a large bucket of milk by means of a 
pulley, t he bucket being suspended beneath 
the wire. 
II. We believe it is now generally conceded 
that the largo pans, each of a size to hold the 
entire mess of milk from the dairy at one 
milking, are preferable to small pans for set¬ 
ting the milk. The pans are arranged so that 
running water may be used to flow around 
the milk, thus keeping it at a uniform tem¬ 
perature while the cream is rising. The large 
pans are vastly more economical of labor 
than small pans, while the waste of cream 
on account of particles adhering to the sides 
of the pans, is less with tile large pans. There 
is a patent where the set of pans are arranged 
the one above the other, as referred to by our 
correspondent. We think the large pans are 
a decided improvement over small pans, and 
we do not hesitate to recommend them as 
superior to the old plan for setting milk. 
-»-»♦ 
ICE HOUSE ABOVE THE MILK EOOM. 
Editor Moore’s Rural New-Yorki 
borne of our Western farmers are liki 
Arkansas man whose house leaked b 
When asked why he did not repair his 1 
he replied, that “ When it rains I woulc 
more wet working at it, and when it is r 
ant I do not feel the need of fixing it.” 
m the winter time, when mlik keeps coo 
nutter is firm, we do not feel the need ol 
out now it is hot and no ice for milk and 
ter, we feel great necessity of Ice and a 
milk house, and want your assistance in ar¬ 
ranging a plan for a combined ice house and 
millc cellar for a prairie farm. Would it be 
advisable to have the milk cellar under the 
Ice house ?— New Subscriber, Spri onfield, 
III. 
When running water, sufficiently cool, can 
not be had for surrounding the milk, the 
“dry vault" system may be adopted with 
success, and especially so if ice is used in this 
connection. The plan of building those vaults 
is to excavate the earth and build up the 
structure with stone or brick, so that it will 
be below the surface of the ground. The 
vault is arched and several feet of earth 
placed on top. There should be good drain¬ 
age and the bottom and sides of the vault 
should be properly cemented so as to exclude 
the entrance of water. 11’ the ice house i 3 
located on the surface adjoining the vault, 
tubes can be conducted from the vault to the 
ice house and by this means a low tempera¬ 
ture in the milk room may be maintained. 
The waste water from the melting of the ice 
can also be conducted into the vault and thus 
utilized in a tank for setting milk or cream. 
The plan in our “ Dairy Notes on Mary¬ 
land” (see Rural New-Yorker, Sept. 12 , 
page 171,) is a pretty good arrangement. If 
it is desired, the whole structure may be 
above ground, though it would be better to 
have the milk room partly below the surface 
and this could be easily arranged if the situa¬ 
tion of the ground was suitable. 
Wo have seen dairy houses arranged with 
the ice house directly above the milk room 
and the drainage from the ice was conducted 
to a pool in the milk room. The plan worked 
well aud gave good results. 1 u t lie instances 
referred to, running water was conducted 
into the milk room and the milk was set in 
deep cans on the pool system. The water, 
however, was rather warmer than desired, 
but was regulated to the proper temperature 
by allowing the drainage from the ice to 
flow into it. The milk room was cool and 
remained at a tolerably uniform temperature 
during the hottest weather. 
■-»♦» 
“LARGE RESULTS AND RATE OF 
PROFIT,” Etc. 
Under this heading, in Rural New-York¬ 
er of Oct. 10, I find a statement of large 
yield of butter and big profits in dairying, 
giving statement of profits, net, after deduct¬ 
ing keeping of cows, £10 each’. This is all 
very well, so far as it goes. Bo it understood, 
1 am not asking these questions simply to 
get my name in the Rural, but that our less 
fortunate farmers may know how it is done. 
Will any of the gentlemen mentioned in Cox 
rad Wilson’s remarks, tell the readers of 
the Rural what, the feed was and how much 
each cow was fed during the year that the 
butter was made therein stated ? 
I am a farmer and keep some good cows, 
but cannot get/ any such returns from iny 
cows on the feed 1 give them. I feed good 
fodder in winter—wheat bran and some meal 
to keep my cows in good condition, and when 
they drop their young they get enough to 
keep them in flesh until grass ; then other 
feed is taken away from them and they have 
plenty of good grass until fall. Then I feed 
fodder, corn and milk until December or 
January ; then dry off until March or April. 
At this rate of feeding I think my cows cost 
me £-10 per year. I send my milk to the 
cheese factory, for which I receive the price 
of one pound of butter (as quoted in New 
York Tribune for prftne State butter) for 
every twelve quarts of milk so delivered. At 
this rate my cow brings me about £80 all told 
—butter, calves and milk used in the family. 
If any one can get £105 to £205 from one cow 
and feed not cost over §40, 1, with others, 
should like to learn how it is done, and am 
ready and willing to not only adopt the man¬ 
ner of feeding and milking, but will give a 
vote of thanks from all the farmers of this 
town and country. A. Donald. 
Horseheads, N. Y. 
-—- 
CHANGING THE COMPOSITION OF MILK. 
The Buffalo Live Stock Journal says :— 
Every one is familiar with the fact that ani¬ 
mals may be fed so as to lay on an undue 
proportion of fat, or to develop prominently 
the muscular system. Aud in order to do 
this the relative quantity of the constituents 
of the blood must be changed and milk is 
made from it and follows the same laws of 
production.” 
Does the Journal mean to say, in the above 
paragraph, that as cows begin to fatten their 
milk also begins to be rich in fat, and that the 
fat in the milk increases from day to day in 
the same proportion that the animal takes 
on flesh ? The reader would naturally infer 
this from the wording of the paragraph and 
yet in the same article we find the following 
statement: — “ There must be an absolute 
deficiency of certain constituents in the food 
to test the question of flic effect of the qual¬ 
ity of the food upon the quality of the milk. 
When, the food possesses all the elements in 
due proportion for the production of normal 
milk, but in a bulky state, such as hay or 
grass, t he quantity only may be increased by 
giving additionally the same combination of 
elements in a more concentrated state. ” 
This latter seems to bo the more reasonable 
doctrine to correspond with practical expe¬ 
rience ; but if the former statement be true, 
any of the common cows of the country can, 
by extra feeding, be made to give as rich 
milk as that yielded by the Jerseys. The two 
paragraphs seem to be different propositions, 
expressing different views. Will the Journal 
explain what is meant by the first paragraph i 
The Agricultural Gazette has the following 
article on this topic which will interest the 
sheep breeding readers of the Rural New- 
Youkek. Lambs very soon show the effects 
of parasitic invasion, bub it is worthy of 
especial notice that the early symptoms are 
likely to mislead the flockmaster in fixing 
the date of the origin of tho disease. Some 
weeks must elapse after tho entrance of the 
germs Into the system before any signs of 
ill-health are apparent ; it is not, therefore, 
correct to assume that the pastures iu which 
the animals happened to be feeding are in¬ 
fested with the embryo worms. It may be 
that the lambs took in the young worms on 
lands situated at some distance, from the 
ground on whioh the first signs of disease 
were developed ; nevertheless, the tendency 
always is to attribute the affection to tho 
change of pasture. Nothing is more common 
than the remark, “ My lambs were in good 
condition until they were put on a certain 
piece of seed*, or had some kind of artificial 
food.” Whereas the true cause of the dis¬ 
turbance should be dated some weeks back, 
when the lambs were on some grass which 
had been previously fed off by older sheep. 
In the absence of any exact, knowledge as 
to the time which is required for the changes 
to occur which fit the Immature worm for its 
i habitat in the lungs of the sheep, it is im¬ 
possible to calculate the amount of risk 
which is incurred by allowing lambs to fol 
low sheep over seeds after an interval of a 
few weeks only. It is more than probable 
that months are necessary for the completion 
of the changes, and that the really dangerous 
pastures are those which have been used as 
sheep-walks for years ; bub there is no doubt 
that land whioh luis been used for feeding 
sheep during one season is unsafe feeding- 
grouml for lambs tho following season. 
When tho parasites have accumulated in 
sufficient numbers in the tubes of the lungs t o 
interfere with respiration and cause irrita¬ 
tion in the mucous membrane, the principal 
symptom is a constant short cough, which is 
very distressing, owing to its almost unin¬ 
terrupted eontinuance day and night. This 
cause alone would account fora considerable 
loss of condition ; but the imperfect, purifica¬ 
tion of the blood, owing to the blocked con¬ 
dition of the respiratory tubes, is a more 
direct cause of the debility to which a large 
proportion of the animals succumb. 
It is observed that the largest and strongest 
lambs are the least affected by the presence 
of the parasites. This is not only a natural 
result of the greater power of endurance 
which enables the animals to resist a debili¬ 
tating influence, but is also in great measure 
to be attributed to the well-known fact that 
weakly subjects afford the most congenial 
location to parasites of all kinds. 
Besides tile constant cough, and the ema¬ 
ciation. there are no symptoms which speci¬ 
ally attract attention or indicate the nature 
of the disease, but any doubt about the 
matter is soon set at rest by a post mortem 
examination. Some of the animals are cer¬ 
tain to die soon after, if not before, the 
shepherd’s suspicions are excited ; and it is 
only necessary to remove the lungs and cut 
open the bronchial tubes to discover the 
worms coiled up in bunches, like masses of 
white thread. A farther examination of the 
organs will probably lead to the discovery of 
other forms of threadworm iu the stomach 
and iutestines; of these we shall speak 
shortly, but it is necessary now to remark 
that the relative Importance of the different, 
fortes of hematodes in the same animal is a 
point which can only be determined by a 
practical helminthologist. Generally it may 
3 
be concluded that the worms in the lungs, if 
they exist in large numbers, are sufficient to 
account for the fatality among the flock ; 
but the presence of threadworms in tile 
digestive organs is a complication which 
must not lie disregarded in arranging the 
treatment or establishing moasurcs of pre¬ 
vention. 
Remedies for worms in the bronchial tubes 
must, as a rule, act, indirectly. There is no 
difficulty in killing the worms, if it is 
allowed to kill the patient also ; but to find a 
medicine potent enough to destroy the para¬ 
sites without injuring the host is not easy. 
Inhalation of pungent, vapors, if carefully 
conducted, is beneficial, but by no means 
specific in its effects. Chlorine, sulphurous 
acid, and the vapor of carbolic acid have 
been tried with partial success ; but their 
employment demands the assistance of a 
competent director, who is familiar with the 
preparation of the agents and their action. 
Turpentine is the most popular remedy, 
and, altogether, the most successful. A 
tablespoonful of tho agent, with the same 
quantity of linseed oil, should lie given every 
day for a week, the animals, meanwhile, 
being kept on liberal rations. Iu fact, to 
sustain the system by means of nutritious 
and easily digestible food is one chief part of 
successful treatment. 
Preventive measures may, iu accordance 
wi h the state of our knowledge of the dis¬ 
ease, be summed up in a short sentence, 
keep lambs off pastures which have been fed 
off by sheep. 
-*-*••*- 
KANSAS WOOL GROWERS. 
The Wool Growers and Sheep Breeders’ 
Association of Missouri aud Kansas met on 
the Exposition grounds at Kansas city, Sept. 
18th, 1874. From the remarks made by 
different members, aud from the interest 
manifested in the meeting, it was evident 
the sheep and wool growing business is in¬ 
creasing, with fair prospects in the future. 
On motion, Messrs. Crum, Douglass and 
Archer were appointed a committee on 
Resolutions, whose report was adopted as 
follows : 
Resolved, That iu view of the steadily 
increased prosperity of the wool growing 
business under the present duties on wool 
and woolens, we desire a settled policy, with 
the present law remaining in force as it is. 
Resolved, That although wo desire the 
most amicable intercourse with our Canadian 
friends yet in justice to Ourselves and iu con¬ 
sistency with our policy with other nations, 
we are opposed to any reciprocity treaty 
with Canada on the part of our government 
by which wool or woolens shall lie admitted 
upon any other conditions, or at any other 
rates than under our general tariff. 
Resolved, That wo instruct our Represen¬ 
tatives in the National Association of wool 
growers to use all efforts iu securing our 
wishes with Congress respecting the Reci¬ 
procity treaty. 
That we a3k the Legislatures of Kansas and 
Missouri to enact a law for their respective 
states which will impose a license or tax of 
one dollar on t he owners of each male dog, 
aud three dollars for each female dog, the rev¬ 
enue from said license to constitute a fund 
for the re-imbursement of damage done the 
flocks of these states by dogs. 
Resolved, That we ask our legislators to 
enact a law offering a reward of two dollars 
for the scalp of each wolf that may be 
killed within the limits of the two states. 
The election of officers for the ensuing 
year, resulted as follows : 
Prest. W. B. Stone, Kansas city, Mo. 
Vice Presidents, Sami. Jewett, Mo., John 
Crum, Austin, Mo., Jacon Yurann, Blue 
Rapids, Kansas, J. Sharp Walker, St. Marys, 
Kans. 
Treasurer, H. A. Stiles, Pavilion, Kansas. 
Executive Committee in the National As¬ 
sociation, J. D. Smith, Victoria, Kans., 
eoarse wools ; Sami. Archer, fine wools. On 
motion, adjourned to meet at call of exe¬ 
cutive committee. 
-- 
MARKING SHEEP. 
For valuable breeding sheep, metallic ear¬ 
marks should be used. Common sheep 
should be marked with red chalk, or Vene¬ 
tian red and oil. Ewes may be marked 
across the shoulders, wethers across the 
rump ; ahd those that are to be sold off. with 
a stripe down their backs. If the flock has 
not bee® separated, no time should be lost in 
doing this. Ewes and wethers, selected for 
fattening, should be put by them -elves into 
a good nasture and fed a little grain. Lambs 
should lie put, along with a dry owe for com- 
S anv, into a field away from the rest of the 
ocK. As the ewes come into season, the 
danger from dogs is greatly increased, and 
watchfulness should be redoubled. It is in 
vain to depend upon bells, except as a means 
for giving alarm.—L\c. 
