MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
<Bc L onamw. 
( HOW TO PLOW WELL. 
-> *J ' 
Thb Western Rural gives the following 
directions for plowing, which are as nearly 
perfect as language without illustration can 
give : 
There are three principal things necessary 
to good plowing—first, the ability to proper¬ 
ly guide a team ; second, knowledge and 
tact to arrange the plow to the work In 
hand ; and, third, an intelligence in gauging 
the furrow slice and properly turning the 
furrow. These being learned, the rest is 
easy. 
The greatest difficulty with plowmen is in 
laying out and finishing the lands. This 
being properly understood, the act of plow¬ 
ing becomes simple enough. Let ua give one 
easy, efficient and ordinary plan :—Set a line 
of light stakes across the field ; gauge the 
reins so that, when placed on the beam 
handle of the plow, at the point where it is 
grasped by the hand, the team being in mo¬ 
tion, they will just bear kindly on the bits of 
the horses. Place the team so that the line 
of vision will be over the mold-board of the 
plow and between the horses to the stakes. 
Set the plow so that it will turn a furrow 
from one-half to three-quarters the depth 
the land is to be plowed ; grasp the lines 
with two fingers of the left hand, at the near 
or left side of the handle, so that, when the 
rein is pulled straight back, three will be 
leverage enough against the handle with the 
olt rein to draw both alike. Thus, pulling 
slightly to the left will swerve the team to 
the right, and easing on the rein will bring 
them to the left. A steady rein will beep 
them straight ; and, however fresh the team 
may be, if steady, no trouble will be experi¬ 
enced in keeping them in a direct line to do 
good work. There is no other plan that we 
have ever tried by which a team is under so 
good control Some practice is required by 
the plowman to do good work, but less than 
by any other plan, not even excepting the 
Irish way of grasping a rein in each hand 
while holding the plow. 
Keeping the eye directly along the stakes, 
seek to so plow them down that they shall 
fall sideways. Upon reaching a stake, do not 
stop, but continue to the end of the furrow. 
Bringing the team directly about, gauge the 
plow to cut the full depth you wish to work. 
Turn the next slice and the previous one into 
the furrow already opened, stopping at each 
stake to place them for the next land ; and 
thus proceed until you have r* ached the 
starting point. Then go once more about, 
drawing two more furrows. An ordinary 
plowman may then be trusted to finish two- 
thirds or tliree-qnarters of the land. 
In plowing the la - after they are laid 
out, the lines, without j <y detriment to the 
work, may ba carried around the hips of the 
plowman ; but if tie team be fairly trained, 
they may be lightly hold with two fingers of 
the left hand, or even be allowed to rest upon 
the handle, which leaves the body entirely 
free ; and it is the motion of the body as 
much as anything else that assists in doing 
perfect work. 
Each bolt about the plow should fill the 
holes, and every nut should be drawn tight. 
The beam should bo in direct line of draught, 
so that, when the team is going forward, the 
plow will cut its ordinary furrow with the 
guide pin in the center hole of the beam, 
and, when the side of the plow is running 
level, the furrow slice shall be turned natu¬ 
rally and perfectly in the preceding furrow. 
If this be carefully attended to, any intelli¬ 
gent man can be taught in half a day on 
clear laud, to do fair work in plowing, by 
instructing him in holding the plow, gauging 
and turning the furrow, and in bringing the 
team and plow about at the ends. 
It is even more difficult to finish a land 
neatly and well than to lay it out. In laying 
out, the principal thing is to see that the 
team draws even, and walks directly for¬ 
ward. Not only must this be observed, but. 
having u strip equal to two furrow slices, the 
plow siould be gauged to take a furrow only 
two-thirds the usual depth. Having turned 
one of the furrows thus, re adjust the plow 1 
to the ordinary gauge, and turn the last fur¬ 
row, making no balks. If it be necessary to 
clean the furrow for drainage, the plow may 
be passed again, back and forth, leaving the 
center full of mellow earth, through which ; 
the water will percolate readily. 
Excellence in plowing consists in laying out j 
the lands, and thereafter keeping the fur- ; 
rows perfectly straight; in ha'ving them of j 
uniform thickness, and in laying them in ( 
such manner that they may best continue i 
permeable to the air; in perfectly covering I * 
weeds and trash, so that, they may not inter- V a 1 v -~f R0W MO Of JULY T| ll MIDDLE Of SEPTEMBER, 
fere with the subsequent working of the (yjllUl llullt, Anthericum ramosum, honey and pollen ; 
crops ; in so varying the implements that L ‘p L Gladiolus floribundus, honey; Lilium candi- 
they may do as perfect work as possible, - dum. honey and pollen ; Gladiolus floribun- 
whether in mellow soil, in stiff clays, among BEE PLANTS. dus, boney; Lilium candidum, honey and 
rubbish or weeds, in stiff sod or ordinary - pollen ; Gladiolus gandevensis, honey ; Poly 
sward. All these must be reached by study Dist OF Plants Suitable for Bee gaaum Sieboldii, honey; Cannabis sativa, 
—not only of the proper shape of the plow Culture, excluding those commonly grown wax and pollen ; Statice Limoulum, honey ; 
used, but also of the nature of the soil to be in the kitchen garden and orchard ; compiled Lavandula officinalis, honey; Draeocepka- 
worked. by Dr. Munter, Director of the Botanic Gar- | lum moldavica, honey; Salvia aathiopis, 
All this the farmer should understand. To den of Greifswald.” The following list, ex- honey; Salvia hispanlca, honey; Monarda 
the mere plowman, it is not essential. It is, traded by the Gardeners’ Chronicle from the didyma, honey ; Monarda punctata, honey ; 
however, essential that he be able to take a above wor k, may be of interest to some of Monarda barbate, honey ; Monarda Kalmi- 
GJt imiitmtY IV-PROM end or july till middle or September. 
(yMTv Anthericum ramosum, honey and pollen ; 
_ L l _ Gladiolus floribundua, honey ; Lilium candi- 
--—- dum. honey and pollen ; Gladiolus floribun- 
BEE PLANTS. dus, boney ; Lilium candidum, honey and 
- pollen ; Gladiolus gandevensis, honey ; Poly- 
A List of Plants Suitable for Bee gamm Sieboldii, honey; Cannabis sativa, 
ULTURE. excluding- those 
however, essential that he be able to take a 
team alone, stake and strike out the lauds ; 
adjust and re-adjust the plow, to suit the 
various contingencies that may arise, and to 
perform his work in a uniform and work¬ 
man-like manner. Tin’s constitutes good 
plowing, and the performer is a good plow¬ 
man. The perfect plowman is he who can, 
not only do all this, but knows why it should 
our readers who are bee keepers, Griefs- 
wald lies about 54 degrees 5 minutes north 
latitude, and about 11 degrees east longitude. 
I.-POR PERIOD FROM MARCH I Till MIDDLE OF APRIL. 
Erythronium Dens-canis, honey ; Scilla 
amoona, honey ; Galanthus nivalis, honey ; 
Loucojum vemum, honey ; Crocus venius, 
honey; Daphne Mezereum, honey; Corylus 
be so done, This constitutes intelligent labor, tubulosa, pollen ; Primula officinalis, honey ; 
What portion of our plowmen may properly Lonuum macolatum, honey and pollen ; Pul- 
claim this perfection ? Comparatively few. monaria officinalis, honey ; Symphytum ori- 
Why not? The simple act of plowing, the entale, honey; Petasites niveus, pollen and 
knowing when and how to do it properly, honey ; Petasites officinalis, pollen and 
is one of the most important labors of the honey ; Sambncus racemosa, honey ; Cornus 
farm. It is what often makes or causes mas, honey; Ribes sanguineum, honey ; 
serious loss thereon. 
MORE CAPITAL AND 
LAND. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker I remember 
that fifteen or twenty years ago I could 
hardly open an agricultural paper in which 
did not appear a homily upon the folly of 
fawners who attempted to cultivate too 
much land. After a time it came to be un¬ 
derstood that land was cheaper than labor 
and the skimming over a large surface to get 
results was, tacitly at least, admitted to be 
more economical, where land was cheap 
and labor dear, than expending the same 
labor on a small surface. The question of 
capital did not enter into the problem at all 
except so far as labor was concerned. The 
theory was that it was more profitable to 
invest the same amount of money in cheap 
lands, that would be likely to appreciate in 
value, than in dear labor. 
For a long time this “situation ” seems to 
have been accepted. My object in calling 
attention to these facts Is t.o ask if the time 
has not arrived for “a new departure if 
the capital per acre, should not be increased ? 
This is the means whereby a bet ter prepa- 
jiuis, liuuuy , runes sanguineum, honey ; virgaurea, honey; Henecio sarraeenic.us, 
Viola odorata, honey ; Saxlfraga caespitosa, honey ; Heliantlius annuua, honey ; Heliau- 
honey ; Saxlfraga liypnoides, honey ; Arabia thus argyropliyllus, honey ; Tagetes patula, 
alpina, honey and pollen ; Aubrietiacoluinna 1 , honey; Echinops exaltatus, honey; Echi- 
pollcn and honey; Aubrietia deltoidea, honey nops exaltatus, honey; Echinops sphtcro- 
and pollen ; Aubrietia microstyla, pollen and cephalus, honey ; Centaurea mosohata, 
honey ; Corydalis cava, honey ; Corydalis honey ; Hanvitalia procumbens. honey ; Age- 
soli da, honey ; Eranthis liiemalis, honey ; raturn mexicanum, honey ; Heleniurn pum- 
Helleborus niger, honey. ilum, honey; Silphium amplexicaule, pollen ; 
I 1.1— FROM MIDDLE OF APRIL UNTIL END OF MAT. Cepluiiuria transsylvanica, honey ; Scabiosa 
Taxus baccate, pollen ; Piceaalba, pollen ; IuckUl ;. P oUen 1 Scabiosa atropurpurea, pol- 
Erythronium Dens - cam’s, honey ; Scilla kn 5 ^’ c >’° 8 angulata, honey ; Byronias alba 
ampena, honey; Hyacinth us orientalis, honey; and dioica, honey; Heuchera amerieana, 
Omitbogalmo natens, honey ; Fritillaria im hone y i Heuchera divaricate, honey ; Sedum 
perialis, honey; Galanthus nivalis, honey; Cabana, honey i Bortulaca oleracea, wax; 
Leucojuiu vemum, honey ; Crocus vemus, Lythrum salicaria, honey; Lythruni flexuo- 
hontn ; Crocus germunica, honey; Crocus Bum > hone y : Dodetia albescens, pollen; 
gram incus, lmncy ; Polygonum Bistorta, pol- Clarkia pulchella, honey ; Clarkia elegans, 
len and honey ; Daphne Mezereum, honey ; houe }' 1 CEnothera L imarckiana, pollen and 
Primula officinalis, honey ; Primula Auricu- hon<? y ’ Epilobium augustifolium, honey ; 
la, honey; Galcobdolon luteum, honey ; I hypuricifalia, honey ; Spireu chamte- 
Lamium maculatum, honey ; Salvia pruten- drifol{!l > houe 3' ! Kubus odoratus, pollen ; 
sis, honey ; Symphytum orientate, honey ; Rhu * ^pbina, pollen ; Balsamhn hoitensis, 
Anchusa officinalis, honey; Myosotis sylvati- lji,iUm P^renne, honey; Melanthus major, 
ca, honey; Petasites officinalis, honey and ,lou<5 >* 5 Lavatera trimestria, pollen ; Lava- 
pollen ; Petasites nivens, honey and pollen. u ‘ ra thuringiaca, pollen ; KitaibcJia vitifolia, 
Tarraxacum officinalis, honey and pollen ; polloij and honty ; Koelreutcria paniculata, 
Sambuous racemosa, pollen ; Fraxinus Or- hone y 1 Ileseda odorata, honey ; Hcsperis 
nus, honey and pollen ; Cornus mas, honey ; "“ttronalis, honey; Bunias orientalis, honey; 
Ribes sanguineum, honev; Ribes aureum, Macl *J a cordate, pollen ; Delphinium ajaeis, 
honey ; Saxlfraga hypnoides, boney; Saxi- hone J* I Delphinium grandiflora, honey ; Ni- 
fraga caespitosu, honey; Saxifrage crassi- S eUa ^Dva, honey ; Nigella damascena, 
folia, honey; Amvffdalus nana. honev boney; Nigella liispanica, honey. 
ration of Boil, a more complete laid careful ! " UB ’ lloUL ’> and polloti , Cornus mas, honey; 
application of fertilizers, and A better eulti- l,bes ^ffimicum, honey ; Ribos aureum, 
vatic, of crops are to be secured. Really, it L ,onfly 5 bypnoides, honey; Saxi- 
means more economical husbandry, as I look <**P"*s*, boney ; Saxlfraga crassi- 
atit. I suggest this ns a “ feeler ” in hope “ ,lla ’ 1 lt ‘ rde - v 5 Amygdalus nana, honey; 
that thinking farmers among your intelligent 1 “'-Vgchduy communis, honey; Persica vul- 
readers may be able to tell us the maximum * am ’ hdr ' c ': v » 1 m , nUH a ™emacu, honey ; 
amount of capital per acre that may profit..- f ruuu8 ^ ahjleb > honfiy ? Orobus vernus, 
bly be employed in the production of farm * one >V ^ ul,lB bfiipocastanum, honey ; 
crops, live stock, butter, cheese, wool, hops, pb8au “’ a,,d wax ; Viola 
tobacco. Acc. A comparative statement, from odoiata, honey ; Arabia alpino, honey ; Au- 
experienced men, of the relative and abso- brietla deltoidea, honey; Aubrietia colum- 
lute amount of capital that may be profitably Ui e, liouey ; Aubrietia microstyla, honey; 
employed in the various departments of Barbar a v.figai-ih, honey ; Lunarlarediviva 
husbandry, would be both interesting and . T ,<1JCUIV| v .i, 
profitable.' An Old Oak. honey ; Lunariu biemns, honey ; Corydalis 
SDGAR BEETS FOR STOCK. 
In a paper before the Little Falls, N. Y., 
Farmers’ Club, Harris Lewis said : “ I have 
concluded that, the best varieties of the 
French and German sugar beets arc the most 
nutritious, the most acceptable to the cow, 
and produce the best flavored milk of all the 
roots 1 ever fed. But all these sugar beets 
go down to the crown in the soil, and cost 
three or four times as much labor per ton to 
harvest them as it does to harvest any one 
of the kinds of beets known as the mangold 
wurzeL Again, the sugar beets seldom yield 
more than 20 tons per acre, while the man¬ 
gold wurzel often yields over 40 tons per 
acre. I would recommend the large wurzel, 
such as the Norbiton giant, long mammoth, 
red, yellow ovid and yellow globe, for gen¬ 
eral cultivation, as those kinds that, will give 
the greatest vield per acre, and as cattle 
food, give entire satisfaction to all dairymen 
or cattle feeders, who may grow and feed 
them in connection with hay, or other dry 
forage, during the winter. The more 1 feed 
beets to cows the greater value l place upon 
them, as good, nutritious, health-promoting 
food. 
--- 
Canada Thistles in Wisconsin. — The 
Western Farmer says this thistle “does not 
seem to be so formidable a pest iu Wisconsin 
as in some other places. In fact, were it a 
desirable plant, we should say that what ex¬ 
perience has been had in Wisconsin is against 
the supposition that it will thrive well here. 
We have never seen a, plant of it iu the State 
that seemed healthy axd vigorous.” This is 
a remarkable statement, and w’e doubt not a 
perfectly honest one. But we ouce saw a 
patch of Canada thistles west of Kenosha 
(we think) that were thrifty and told the 
farmer (who did not know) what they were 
and he said they should be rooted out before 
he was a day older. Wo shall be glad to 
believe that Canada thistles find Wisconsin 
an unhealthv place ; but we have full faith 
that the thistles will win unless they are 
fought. 
folia, honey; Amygdalus nana, honey; 
Amygdalus communis, honey ; Pcrsica vul¬ 
garis, honey ; I’runus armeniaca, honey ; 
Prunus Mahuleb, honey; Orobus venius, 
honey ; JErsculus hippocaatanum, honey ; 
Geranium phaaum, honey and wax; Viola 
odorata, honey ; Arabis alpina, honey ; Au¬ 
brietia deltoidea, honey; Aubrietia colum¬ 
nar, honey ; Aubrietia microstyla, honey ; 
Barbar a vulgaris, honey ; Lunaria rediviva, 
honey ; Lunariu biennis, honey ; Corydalis 
cava, honey ; Corydalis solida, honey ; Hel- 
leborus foetidus, honey; Adonis vernalis, 
pollen. 
III. FROM BEGINNING OF JUNE TILL END OF JULY. 
Allium Sclicenoprasutn, honey; Fritillaria 
meleagris, honey ; Lilium Murtugon, honey ; 
Asphodelus lutens, honey ; Polygonatum of- 
flcinale, honey; Polygonatum multiflorum, 
honey ; iris graminea, honey ; Dis german- 
ica, honey ; Iris pallida, honey ; Iris sibirica, 
honey; Polygonum Bistorta, pollen and 
honey; Rheum undnlatum, pollen and 
honey; Rheum rhapontieum, pollen and 
honey; Poptilus balsamifera, cement and 
honey; Armenia niai ifcima, honey ; Salvia 
prateusis, honey ; Salvia verticillata, honey ; 
Betoniea officinalis, honey; Melittis melis- 
sophyllum, honey; Origanum cretieum, 
honey; Origanum Onites, honey; Digitalis 
purpurea, honey ; Digitalis ambigua, honey ; 
Digitalis In tea, honey ; Veronica latifolia, 
honey : Polemonium coeruleum, honey; Sy- 
ringa vulgaris, honey; Syringa persica, 
honey ; Centaurea scabiosa, honey ; Valeri¬ 
ana officinalis, honey ; Diervilla canadensis, 
honey; Lonicera Periclymenum, honey ; 
Lonicera Caprifolium, honey ; Crattegus coc 
cinea, honey; Cratiegus nigra, honey; Rosea 
lutea, honey; Rosea spinnosissima, lroney; 
Fragaria cliilensis, honey ; Fragaria grandi¬ 
flora, honey ; Fragaria virginiana, honey ; 
Cytisus Laburnum, honey ; Robinia Pseud- 
Acacia, honey; Pavia fiava and carnea, 
Ruta graveolens, honey; Dictamnus Fraxi- 
nella, honey ; Althaea officinalis, honey ; AJ- 
threa rosea, honey ; Roseda odorata, honey; 
Sinapis alba and nigra, honej r ; Isatis tine- 
toria, honey ; Papaver somniferum, pollen ; 
Mahonia Aquifoiium, honey ; Aquilegla vul¬ 
garis, honey ; Thalictrum flavum, honey ; 
Thalictrum aquilegifolium, honey. 
Dr. Munter makes one more period— 
namelv, from the middle of September till 
October, and includes the Colcbicums as well 
as some of the foreign plants,—so much de¬ 
pends upon the weather after the beginning 
of September as to what bees will do. 
-«.»♦ ■ — 
BEE NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Standard Frame*. —S. D. McLean, in the 
Bee World says :—“The size of suspension 
frame I use In my own apaiary is fourteen 
and one quarter by nine and one quarter 
inches, though not the size I prefer. Were 1 
to commence anew I would make my frames 
fifteen by ten inches, exactly, outside meas¬ 
ure, with three fourths of an inch extension 
at each end of top bars to rest on the rabbets 
of the hive. 1 suggest that size to the advo¬ 
cates of a standard frame, as a com promise 
among tire many now in use. The length 
would be about a medium between the 
Quit)by and the Gallop frames—(he longest 
and the shortest frames made—and the depth 
would be amply sufficient for brood combs, 
and not so deep us to be liable to swing to¬ 
gether at the bottom, or have wavy combs 
in them.” 
Honey Deir. —A. H. R. Bryant, Kaufman, 
Texas, says “Rome two years since I was 
attracted*, by the hum of bees, to a box elder 
that stood in my yard, and when I looked 
for the cause, I found not only the leaves of 
the tree covered with honey dew, but the 
limbs, and also the weeds and grass under¬ 
neath, liberally covered with honey dew. 
On my first examination 1 did not nnd the 
aphis, and came to the conclusion that it was 
sure enough, honey dew from the atmos¬ 
phere ; but, on a closer inspection, I found 
the young, tender twigs—which are very 
green—literally covered with a veiy green 
aphis, (plant louse), hence the abundance of 
the so-called honey dew, that was literally 
drippiug from the tree to the weeds and 
grass below.” 
! Traveling Apiarie*. —The New York Trib¬ 
une says :—“Some of our apiarians are talk¬ 
ing of a wagon with frames for a large 
number of hives, that can be moved about 
from one location to another. The benefits 
claimed are to take advantage, first, of the 
maple and willow blooms ; next come back 
to orchards and white clover ; then off to the 
forests for the ba.-swood and other flowers; 
then for the- blossoms of the till:) tree, and 
finally back to the fields of buckwheat and 
fiowers of Autumn. This planVhas been 
pursued in u small way for some years.” 
Monarda barbate, honey ; Monarda Kalmi- 
ana, honey; Teuerinm chamsedrys, honey; 
Leonuru* cardiacs, honey ; Pentstemon bar- 
batum, honey; Nicotiana rustica, honey; 
Nieotiana tabaemn, honey ; Nicotiana mu- 
crophylla, honey ; Physalis Alkekengi, honey; 
Borago officinalis, honey; Cerinthe major, 
honey ; Cerinthe gymnandra, honey; Hy- 
drophyllinn virginicum, honey; Phacelia 
congesta, honey; Nolan paradoxa, honey; 
Convolvulus tricolor, honey; Ipomoea coc- 
cinea, honey; Asclepiaa syriaca, honey; 
Campanula Medium, honey ; Campanula 
pyramidalis, honey ; Campanula carpattca, 
honey; Lobelia Erinus, honey; Solidago 
wirgaurea, honey; Renecio wirraoenicus, 
