NOTES FOR HORSEMEN 
Fahr. and in cool weather from 60° to 62° 
Fahr. The churn is regulated so as to make 
about 40 revolutions in a minute, and so soon 
as the cream begins to swell the vent is open¬ 
ed to let out the gas. The churning occupies 
from an hour to an hour and one-half, when 
the butter should come in grains from the 
size of a wheat kernel to that of a pea. The 
buttermilk is then drawn off and the butter 
washed in the churn by pouring in cold water 
and allowing it to revolve for about one 
minute. 
SALTING. 
The butter now goes into the salting tray, 
which is MS inches long by 20 inches broad 
and 6 inches high. This is placed on the floor 
under the churn and the chum being opened 
the butter falls into the tray. For the New 
York market, three-fourths of an ounce of 
sal' to the pound of butter Is used, but for 
the home market one ounce of salt is em¬ 
ployed. The Ashton salt is preferred, and it 
is worked through the butter as evenly as 
possible, a thin paddle, having a blade 7 
inches long by 5 wide, being used for the 
purpose. The shape of this paddle is repre¬ 
sented by the subjoined cut: 
Cribbing Homes. —I)r. Cook, Elmira, O., 
writes the {Scientific American “ Cribbing 
is caused in the first place by some foreign 
substance being pressed between the teeth, 
or by the front teeth growing too close to¬ 
gether, thus causing pain. The horse, to 
avoid this, instinctively pulls at any hard 
substance, thus spreading tile points of the 
teeth, and by that means affording tempora¬ 
ry relief. To remedy this fault, it is only 
necessary to saw between the teeth with a 
very thin saw ,• this relieves the teeth of all 
side pressure, and effectually ends the troub¬ 
le. The gulping of wind and the gurgling in 
the throat are effects that will cease with 
the removal of the cause.” 
Home's fitwhe Falling Out.—The Country 
Gentleman says :—The shedding of hair from 
a horse’s mane and tail can bo prevented 
by washing the parts affected a few times 
in carbolic soapsuds. Or a wash made of 
lard oil, one pint, and aqua ammonia, one 
gill, well mixed and rubbed in, will prevent 
the falling- of the hair. We have found it 
effectual. 
Sore Throat. — Symptoms: The horse hangs 
his head down, chews, but eaimot swallow 
throat swollen and feverish. Apply a poul 
tice of wheat bran wet up with a strong 
decoction of red oak bark. Give him tepid 
water to drink, with moderate exercise. If 
he is feverish, bleed him two gallons from 
the neck. 
llambletonian Horses .—Since his explana¬ 
tion, we acquit our friend Grossman of any 
cheeky purposes in exhibiting his Humble 
tonian colt. Our inference was a natural one 
but we “ take it all back.” 
WHY A HORSE DID NOT DRAW 
A MADISON COUNTY CREAMERY 
I WANT to suggest that it might be better 
for some, if not all, to use a little thought 
and attention in their treatment of dumb 
animals. One of my neighbors has a splen¬ 
did young horse which cost him $350. Ilo 
got him last spring, and has used him in 
nearly all shapes all summer, sometimes 
drawing very heavy loads. All went well 
until one day this fall, when, in attempting 
to draw a heavy load from the field, the 
horse would not pull. After coaxing him 
awhile, the man began to whip and cut anti 
slash ; finally the horse threw himself, and 
the hired man stood ready to jump on the 
horse’s head and hold him down, which he 
did while the boss laid on the tug, with a 
heavy cockeye on the end of it for a snapper, 
until the horse, well puimneled and ridged, 
fairly begged for mercy ; then he was let up 
and again hitched to the wagon, with the 
load still on, which lie drew out of the lot in 
not the best of humor. 
A day or two after, the horse was again 
driven into the lot and .the wagon loaded 
with pumpkins, which the horse again re¬ 
fused to draw. One whip was used up on 
him and a boy sent to the house for another, 
which was freely used, as well as the old ap¬ 
plication of a board under t he belly. At last 
the horse throw himself, and that identical 
hired man in an instant was upon his head, 
and, of course, he again went through ‘ a 
course of sprouts.” Myself and two other 
neighbors went over and prevailed on the 
man to drop the whip, ns it. was too bad to 
treat a horse in such a brutal manner, and 
especially Hindi a valuable young animal as 
he was, which might spoil him forever. Ho 
we all took hold of the wheels and shoved 
the wagon upon Ids heels until lie was glad 
to go, and lie actually drew the load out of 
the lot. 
Now, this is, perhaps, a dull, uninteresting 
story, similar occurrences having, no doubt, 
been heard of anil seen a thousand times be¬ 
fore, but what 1 wish to get at is to come. A 
few days after, the man came to mo and 
said he had found oat what ailed his horse 
that he would not draw, lie knew he was 
not balky, but he bad outgrown his collar ; 
and, with tears in Ids eyes almost, said he 
had been abusing bis horse all the time for 
not working in a collar that w;is too small 
for him, as he had grown a good deal since 
he gob him. Binoe the enlargement of the 
collar there has been no trouble with the 
horse, and 1 see him in t he field almost every 
day. How near that man came spoiling a 
valuable horse ! How many farmers and 
teamsters are there who are sure that not 
only the collar but the whole harness is 
properly fitted t Did any of you try to wear 
a No. 12 collar when No. 14 just (its you ? 
The Union Creamery is located at Hub- 
bardsville, Madison Co., in the fine grass 
region of the Chenango Valley. We visited 
this factory in September and we give briefly 
some account of its operations as taken down 
in our not© book at that Lime : 
CAPACITY OF FACT08Y. 
Ths Creamery was intended to take the 
milk of from 180to 200 cows, and is now re¬ 
ceiving the milk from about 150. The daily 
delivery of milk during the middle of Sep¬ 
tember, was 3,700 pounds; but in June, 
through the flush of feed, the quantity went 
up to 4,300 pounds per day. As the plan of 
this factory differs somewhat from any we 
have heretofore given in the Rcral New- 
Yorker, we present the subjoined illustra¬ 
tion, which will show its leading features : 
The butter is worked as little as possible In 
salting, and is then thrown loosely in tubs 
which are immediately immersed in thepcol 
and remain there until next day, when the 
butter is taken out and worked on a butter- 
worker. When the workingia completed, as 
above described, the butter is packed hi “ re¬ 
turn Imtter paiis ” and goes to New York 
City, the price paid at the factory being 
within two cents yier pound of the best quo¬ 
tations for fancy butter in the city The 
Oneida Community, during the past summer, 
took two tons of butter from this factory at 
35o. per pound. 
RESULTS. 
During the mouth of June, 25 pounds of 
milk on an average yielded one pound of but¬ 
ter. In August, 24 pounds of milk made a 
pound of butter, and during September and 
up to the day of our visit the average was a 
pound of butter from 28 pounds of milk. 
We examined the butter made at this fac¬ 
tory iind found it in every respect first class.' 
The premises tire kept very neat and clean, 
and with till the advantages of tills particular 
section, where pasturage is rich, (lie water 
sweet and abundant, with pure air, the care¬ 
ful treatment of stock and attention to all 
the details us to its management and the 
care of milk, it would be strange indeed if 
anything but a good product would be made. 
The factory is a new one, costing, as we were 
informed, about $1,000. 
The building is in the shape of an L, the 
main structure being 36 feet long by 16 feet 
broad. One side sets against a bank, the 
earth being excavated or cut down below the 
surface from three to four feet. The pool, 
as will he seen from the cut, is 13x21 feet and 
is reached from the delivery window by the 
passage way or walk, which is thiee feet 
wide. Stout, planks are thrown across the 
pool at. such points as are desired in order to 
facilitate the handling of the milk. The prin¬ 
cipal objection to this arrangement is that 
the temperature of the milk in the pool can 
nob be kept uniform ; for as the warm milk 
is delivered morning and evening, the water 
in the pool must be raised in temperature 
more or less according to the quantity of 
warm milk added. We think it would have 
been better to have separated the pool into 
ports or divisions. 
The churn room is 12x18 feel, and in the 
wall between it and the engine room there 
is a large wooden tank about 2J4 to 3 feet 
high, with hinged covers, one in each room, 
so that water may he supplied in both apart¬ 
ments from the same tank. The water in 
the tank is heated frem the boiler in the 
engine room by means of pipes. This ar¬ 
rangement is very convenient. 
SETTING THE MILK. 
The milk, as It is received, is placed in 
pails, eight inches in diameter by twenty 
inches long and these are immediately plun¬ 
ged in the water. The water in the pool is 
about 18 inches deep and its temperature at 
the spring is from 40° to 50‘ Fahr. About 
650 pails are required for setting the milk, 
which is held in the pools from three to four 
days before skimming. The milk is kept 
this length of time iu the pool under the im¬ 
pression that more cream will be obtained 
than when the milk sets only 48 hours. 
The manufacturer, Mr. J. B. Dart, said he 
had arrived at this conclusion from experi¬ 
menting with milk set at different, lengths of 
time ; and he found that when it had set 48 
hours and was then skimmed and the pails 
returned to the pool, enough more cream 
would rise to pay for keeping in the pool for 
the time named. After the cream is removed 
the skimmed milk goes to the patrons of the 
factory and is used for feeding calves and 
hogs. 
AMERICAN vs. ENGLISH BREEDS 
Editors Rural New-Yorker I notice 
in the November number of the American 
Agriculturist, Mr. Joscrii Harris, in his 
“ Walks and Talks,” has at last come around 
to my way of thinking in regard to breeding 
English sheep in this country. Ho says, “ It 
is not an easy matter to keep our sheep up 
to the English standard.” I say it is impos¬ 
sible, und have argued that not only the 
climate was against us, to which Mr. Harris 
alludes, but that the English system of feed¬ 
ing produces an excessive growth, cons® 
quently a weakened constitution, illy adapted 
to our rigorous and changeable climate ; and 
being thus pampered, I insist that there is 
a constitutional propensity inherent, requir¬ 
ing more stimulating food than American 
farmers usually feed; and morever, if we 
should follow the English formula to the let¬ 
ter, the sheep will deteriorate, Mr. Harris 
brought out an important fact in this con¬ 
nection which substantiates my position and 
sheds light, on the English system of breeding 
and at the same time shows the absurdity of 
the glamour of “imported” when he re¬ 
marks : 
“ We often hear of ‘improved’ Cotswolds 
or ‘improved’ Leicester or ‘improved’ 
Berkshires, which I suppose simply means 
that they have been crossed with some other 
breed. Bring this 1 improved ’ stock here 
and keep it here and it will inevitably degen¬ 
erate. It is easier to make an improvement 
than to keep it.” The measure of honor 
among American breeders will not admit of 
these crosses to keep up the standard with 
the various thoroughbred breeds, as custom 
has established a law requiring a direct de¬ 
scent without any break from imported 
stock. After we cress the water, no ques¬ 
tions are asked and no guarantees are requir¬ 
ed from sheep or pig breeders. It is evident 
from these facts that the English breeder has 
a great advantage, owing to the ready gulli¬ 
bility of Americans and their fashionable 
weakness for “imported” stock. The En 
glish breeder can doctor, pamper and cross 
his pigs and sheep without limit and call 
them whatever names he choose, and his 
enterprise ia accepted by the Americans ns 
1 standard authority. How long shall this non¬ 
sense continue 1 Is it not time that we began 
1 to establish American breeds ? 
F. D. Curtis. 
BRINE FOR PRESERVING BUTTER, 
NARCOTIZING HORSES, 
The Duchess Farmer says To three gal¬ 
lons of brine strong enough to bear an egg 
add a quarter of a pound of nice white sugar 
ancl one tablespoonful of saltpeter. Boil the 
brine, and when it is cold strain carefully. 
Make your butter into rolls, and wrap each 
roll separately in a clean white muslin cloth, 
tying up with a string. Pack u large jar 
full, weight the butter down, und pour over 
the brine until all is submerged. This will 
keep really good butter perfectly sweet and 
fresh for a whole year. Be careful to not 
put upon ice butter that you wish to keep for 
any length of time. Iu summer, when the 
heat will not admit of butter being made 
into rolls, pack closely iu small jars, and 
using the same brine, allow it to cover 
the butter to the depth of at least four inches. 
This excludes the air and answers very nearly 
as well as the first method suggested. 
A new trick—that of narcotizing homes— 
has been recently discovered in France, and 
is thus described in the London Medical 
Record: 
“ VVc learn (says the Loudon Medical 
Record) from the Gazette. Medicate, dc Bor¬ 
deaux that an eminent veterinary surgeon 
has informed the Medical and Surgical Soci¬ 
ety of that city that the coachmen of certain 
families had been for some time in the habit 
of administering chloral to the horses in their 
charge, so as to make them easier to ride or 
drive. It appears that the drug acted like a ' 
chartn, for horses which had previously been 
so spirited as to give much trouble to tlieir 
drivers became as quiet as lambs after a few 
days of this hyposthenic treatment. This 
great change naturally attracted the atten¬ 
tion of the owners of the animals, and they 
sent for the veterinary surgeon to accertain 
the cause of this sudden gentleness. That 
functionary noticed a certain tendency to 
sleep in the animals, but scarcely knew to 
what to refer this unusual Condition, when 
in one of Ids visits he chanced to find a bottle 
half full of chloral. Here, then, was the cor¬ 
pus delicti ; and whou the veterinary surgeon 
questioned the delinquent coachmen as to the 
use he made of Ihe dru 
CHURNING. 
The churn used is the revolving ban'el 
churn known as the Philadelphia. It is 26 
inches in diameter at the ends and about 48 
inches long. On the inside there are three 
strips of wood, from an inch to 1 ' a ' inch thick, 
running lengthwise of the churn and an equal 
distance apart. The cream failin'; against 
these pieces of wood, as the chum revolves, 
causes its agitation. The churn stands upon 
a frame 30 inches high, is provided with a 
band wheel and is set in motion by power 
from the engine, one of Wood, Taber <fe 
Morse's 6 -horse power being employed. 
The chum holds 90 gallons, but only about 70 
gallons of cream can be churned at a lime. 
The cream is left in the pool until it be¬ 
comes slightly acid, when from 50 to 60 gal¬ 
lons are placed in the churn, the temperature 
of the cream in summer being about 5S’ 
NOTES FOR DAIRYMEN 
To Avoid Greasy Batter. —L. B. Arnold 
says;—“ Churn with pressure instead of 
friction. The dash churn brings butter by 
pressure, and makes better butter than most 
other kinds of chums for that reason. But¬ 
ter should also be worked by pressure in¬ 
stead of f riction. The ladle or worker sho i ild 
not be drawn across the butter, but pressed 
down upon it.” 
Keeping Butter .—1 desire to pay a tribute 
to a profound maxim credited to an eminent 
dairy writer, to wit“The more aroma in 
butter, the less time it will keep.” That is 
so hue 1 It will not keep in my family. It 
is consumed about as fast as l can buy It 
at 50 cents per pound, and more is always 
wanted.— New Yorker. 
Charlton, N. Y 
ig, the latter, after 
much hesitation, owned that, following the 
advice of a brother whip, he gave his horses 
a dose of chloral every morning to make 
them go quietly, and, further, that many of 
the fraternity in Bordeaux followed the 
same plan.” 
Hydrophobia among Sheep .—A dog wor¬ 
ried and bit several sheep in Sussex, England 
—bit them about the mouth so that they 
were unable to graze. They were carefully 
treated, turned out to pasture and appeared, 
for a time, to be progressing favorably, but 
finally they began barking like a dog and 
would fly at any one who came near them. 
A veterinary surgeon finally ordered them 
t,o be killed. 
Blistering Paste. —Take four ounces pul¬ 
verized cun Lharides, two ounces turpentine, 
two ounces English rosin ; two ounces bees¬ 
wax ; melt altogether over a slow lire until 
dissolved : rub it on well with the fingers. 
