the ends of their* stalks with a piece of mat or 
thread and afterwards place them upon the 
sticks sd as to prevent them from touching 
each other (5). 
When the cheat is sufficiently full of flow¬ 
ers, close it carefully, place a damp cloth on 
the sides of the lid, and some heavy stones 
upon the top of it, after which, take some 
brimstone broken into small pieces, put It in 
a small flat basin (6) and with a match kindle 
and put it through the opening (1) in the bot¬ 
tom of the chest and shut the bar (2). It is a 
even liner than les Delice d’Hardenpont. 
The Society Van Mous, only produced eleven 
new Pears during Hie sixteen years of Its 
existence, showing that individual persever¬ 
ance is very generally more successful than 
combined efforts. M. Gathoge of Liege, pro¬ 
duced in 1852, Beurre Edouard Morrcn. In 
1828, M. Magnery obtained from seed the 
Poire Renoz, a good and fertile summer 
kind ; and M. Ilenrard, as early as 1840, 
introduced bis Bon Chretien find Vernois, 
said to have been received from France. M. 
Legepont, of the Commune of Charneux, 
produced in 1800, the celebrated Fondants 
d’Charneux, The Bon Chretien Lamarehe, 
was found in a convent, garden of the prov¬ 
ince of Leige, where its origin was unknown. 
—From “ Les Fruits Beiges," by M. Gil¬ 
bert. 
SCALD.DG INSECTS ON PLANTS 
ENGLISH POUTER 
We notice that our neighbor, the Ameri¬ 
can Garden, is much worried over the hints 
given in regard to culture of plants which 
appear in journals not edited by persons 
having “practical experience in horticul¬ 
tural matters.” Of course it is provoking to 
have a good thing said about gardening out 
side of a regular horticultural paper like the 
Garden, but such things will happen some¬ 
times, and our advice to the editor of the 
above-named journal is to keep as cool as 
possible under the anuoying circumstances, 
and at the same time be sure he is right be¬ 
fore asserting that others are wrong. We 
have had occasion quite frequent ly t,o recom¬ 
mend the use of hot water for destroying 
insects on plants. This advice was not given 
upon the strength of anybody’s theory, but 
from our “ own practical experience.” Some 
of our (we believe practical) corresdondentj 
have also indorsed the efficiency of this same 
treatment. (See Rural New-Yorker for 
March 28, 1874, page 200.) But our neighbor 
has accidentally, it would seem, discovered 
a paragraph in a Western paper where water 
heated to 120 Fahrenheit is recommended 
for destroying A phides on plants, and he is 
exceedingly wroth, judging from the follow¬ 
ing burst of indignation, to wit: 
“ This is one of the class of rocipes for the 
instruction of amateur florists that from 
time to time finds circulation among news¬ 
papers and magazines not devoted especially 
to or edited by persons of practical experi¬ 
ence in horticultural matters. We think we 
can warrant that it will kill the insects In 
some, cases— depending, of course, upon what 
the insects are— and that it will taler, the 
leaves off the. plants in every case. Those of 
our readers who desire such results will fol¬ 
low the method indicated.” 
Now. had this hot water application been 
u purely Yankee discovery we should not 
have been so much surprised at the Indigna¬ 
tion of the Garden’s Editor, but, like himself, 
it was horn abroad, and comes to us in the 
good old English garden literature, although 
it must have escaped the gentleman's notice. 
If he will take the trouble to look in Wm. 
Jones’ “ Gardener’s Receipt Book,” page 41, 
published in London, Eng., he may find di 
rections for destroying the ‘‘Scale on Stove 
Plants among other good hints the fol¬ 
lowing :—“This being done, lay the plant 
down on its side and syringe It well with 
pure hot water at 140” to 14S' of heat. Turn 
the plant over and over again so as to scald 
all the insects.” But we find not a word 
about taking “ the leaves off the plants in 
every case.” Further comment is entirely 
unnecessary. 
have many qualities in common. Mr. Sam¬ 
uel Bolt, a great Pouter fancier, crossed 
his birds with the Runt. This was a mottled 
or splashed, with a crest. By this cross he 
got length of feathers and limb ; he had to 
breed carefully after to get back the true 
Pouter markings, in which he succeeded, 
uud raised some fine blue pieds. Mr. Fulton 
crossed a .Silver Runt with a White Pouter, 
and ho got three superb birds and one cock, 
nearl y white, and alljfour fairly shaped birds. 
I give these instances to show how closely 
the relationship must be, since half-bred birds 
could not otherwise come so near the desired 
end. 
The Pouter is quite a tame bird, and will 
bear handling and talking to, and when it 
knows its master will come to him even at a 
good distance and light on liis hand and eat 
from it, and show evident signs of acquaint¬ 
anceship. L have seen them when approached 
by a stranger act. very cross uud pick at them 
savagely. It, Beems to bo the fact that the 
silk weavers of Spitalsfiekl were the flrst to 
bring this pigeon to as great perfection as it 
ever reached. This, no doubt, was owing to 
the great fancy they had for them and the 
great number that wore engaged in breeding 
them. Among so many they no doubt must 
have shown up some superior birds. To 
breed this pigeon to perfection or any where 
near it L. very difficult, and requires a person 
endowed with patience*- and perseverance. 
I am of the opinion, however, that if some 
intelligent, close-observing and enthusiastic 
breeder should take hold of this bird and 
make it his especial study, we should, within 
a few years see the English Pouter of all 
varieties iu all their perfection answering 
the critic iu poiul of plumage as well as in 
all other qualities. 
There are five essential properties which 
the Pouter should possess, some of which lie 
has been made to fulfil in a remarkable de¬ 
gree ; but in no one instance have 'I ever 
seen a bird or heard of one perfect in ail re¬ 
spects, These properties are as follows : 
1. Length of legs (or length of limb as it is 
called). 
3. Slenderness of girt (or waist).) 
8. Length of body (or length of feather.) 
4. Neatness of crop (rotundity* or globular- 
like). 
5. Beauty of feathers. 
I have arranged these properties in rny 
view of their respective order of merit, and 
shall treat of them in detail in my next 
article. Isaac Van Winkle. 
Greenville, N. J. 
mmi 
TOBACCO GROWING IN NORTH CARO 
LINA. 
good plan to make an air-hole (4) on opposite- 
sides of the chest, which will assist the igni¬ 
tion of the brimstone, and which should be 
closed when the latter burns freely. 
Leave the chest undisturbed for twenty- 
four hours, after which time it mast be 
opened, and if the flowers are sufficiently 
smoked they will appear white, if not they 
must lie smoked again, when a little more 
brimstone may become necessary. Wheu 
sufficiently smoked, take the flowers out 
carefully and liaug them in a dry, airy place 
in the shade for the purpose of drying, and 
in a few days or even hours they will recover 
their natural colors, except being only a 
shade paler. To give them a very bright 
shining color, plunge them into a mixture of 
ten parts of cold water and one of good nit¬ 
ric acid, drain off the liquid, and hang them 
up again in the same way as before. Thus 
preserved they will keep for years. 
-tie a as received mguer prices tor t.tm crops 
of tobacco mode during the lost six years 
than any other man in the United States. 
He averages annually over $1,000 to every 
hand on tobacco alone., besides raising wheat 
for market, and all the corn, oats and meat 
that his large family consume. He has re¬ 
ceived as high as $175 per 100 lbs. of leaf, and 
an entire crop has averaged over $100 to the 
100 lbs. lie sold at one time in Richmond, 
Va., 19 tierces, obtaining $37 for his twist 
and $131 for his highest grades. He simply 
leads the world. 
Mr. B. F. Hester of the same county lias 
averaged for four years $4,000 for the tobacco 
made by two men and two boys. There are 
a dozen others in the same county who either 
surpass or approximate these flgarcB. Such 
is Granville farming as known to the writer, 
one of her sons being resident in Raleigh. 
“ These superior fanners raise a gx-eat deal 
of home manures, purchasing moderately of 
fertilizers. Two boys aged respectively* 15 
and 17, sons of Mr. Mitchell Ourrjn, as¬ 
sisted by a sickly brother about-12 yeax-sof 
age, who only worked a part of his time, ob¬ 
tained over $3,000 net, at Milton, N. C., for 
the tobacco they raised. They expended 85 
for extra help and $75 for fertilizers. The 
tobacco was sold for them by Col. John 
Wilkerson, now of Durham. 
CHERRIES IN CHAMPAIGN CO. ILL 
B. F. J., in Country Gentleman, state* 
some interesting facts concerning the hardy 
cherries in that County, as follows Now a 
paragraph about the common kinds of cher¬ 
ries. The sweet varieties and the finer kinds 
arc only half hardy, anti are therefore to be 
kept out of account as trees for fruit-, profit, 
shade or ornament. Up to the time of the 
late era of drouth and frost, the May cherry 
and the native and English Morello were 
esteemed hardy ; and while the former was 
planted almost exclusively for fruit, the 
latter two were adopted for fruit and shade 
both. But there is scarcely a healthy bear¬ 
ing tree at present in Champaign County. 
Two years ago, the earlier planted May 
cherry trees were very largely killed down, 
and 20 per cent, perhaps of the Morcilos— 
even those which have been spared do not 
appear to recover their vitality, am:l perhaps 
never will, unless something is done for 
them. Referring then to the suggestion that 
there was an absolute necessity that a cer¬ 
tain quantity of potash should be present in 
the soil, to enable trees bearing sour fruit to 
make a crop, the suggestion is here offered 
that experiment might be made to test the 
value of the application of potash direct, ot¬ 
to supply its place with unleaohod or leached 
ashes. I suspect it may be found that the 
killing down of cherry trees in 1871 and’72 
was not wholly from the effects of drouth or 
frost, or both combined, but that the trees 
had been partially exhausted by over-bearing 
and that failing to obtain fimn the soil the 
food necessary, they succumbed to a rigor of 
elirnate that would not have injured them 
had they been well and properly fed. 
DRYING FLOWERS TO RETAIN NATU 
RAL COLORS. 
THE BEST FIELD BEANS 
G. Wermiq in London Garden, says:—I 
communicated some of my experience in 
drying flowers in their natural colors, but 
omitted to mention, as very good flowers for 
drying in sand, Verbenas (red and blue). 
Zinnia, Gaillardia, Senecio, Sanvitalia, Phlox, 
Tagetes, &c. I now proceed to describe the 
process of smoking llowej-s with brimstone, 
which is a very good, simple, and cheap way 
of drying flowers, especially Asters, Roses, 
Fuchsias (singleones), Spiraeas (red-flowered 
kinds, such as callosa, Douglasii, &e.), Ra¬ 
nunculus, Delphiniums, Cytisus, &e. The 
Roses ought to be quite open, but of course 
not too fully blown. The first thing neces¬ 
sary is to procure a chest suitable iu size to 
the quantity of flowers intended to be dried. 
I And the best size for general use is one 
about 3 or 4 feet square. The size, however, 
makes no difference, as one will do if only 2 
feet square. In the under part of one side of 
the chest there should be a small opening (1), 
to be closed by a bar (2), through which the 
basin containing brimstone (6) must be put 
into the chest. This opening must be covei*ed 
inside with perforated tin, in order to pre¬ 
vent those flowers from spoiling which hang 
immediately over the basin. The chest 
should be air-tight, and, in order to render it 
so, paper the inside thoroughly. 
When the chest is ready for use, nail small 
laths (A3) on two opposite sides of the in¬ 
terior, at a distance of about 6 inches apart, 
upon which lay thin, round sticks, upon 
which you can arrange the flowers (C). Care 
should be taken, however, that the flowers 
on the sticks, as also the sticks themselves, 
are not too close together, or the vapor will 
not circulate freely through the vacant space 
around the flowers. The best way to hang 
the flowers is to tie two of them together by 
The American Rural Home says that in 
Western New York the Medium and Marrow 
are most planted and the White Kidney and 
Early Pea to a limited extent. The Medium 
is considered the most reliable, as, from its 
early ripening it is less affected by the vicis¬ 
situdes of the season. It sells for loss, how¬ 
ever, than the other varieties named. The 
Marrow Is quite a popular variety, and on a 
strong soil is very productive. It is quoted 
thirty-five cents a bushel higher than Me¬ 
dium in the Rochester market, now, and 
the same as Kidney. The White Kidney 
has larger stalks, requires a longer season to 
be matured in, and is more liable to bo 
spoiled in ripening. When everything, how¬ 
ever, is favorable it will produce large crops. 
It will, of course, make a difference in what 
way the beans are planted as to the quantity 
of seed inquired, but farmers generally use 
about a bushel of the Marrows and Mediums 
to the acre, rather more of the Kidneys, and 
about half as much of the Pea bean. 
GIVING CHLORAL TO HORSES 
Coachmen in Bordeaux, France, have for 
some time past been in the habit of giving 
horses in their charge chloral, so as to make 
them easier to ride or drive. The drug 
acted like a charm, for horses which i; ad 
previously been so spirited as to give much 
trouble to their drivers became as quiet as 
lambs after a few days of this treatment. 
This great change naturally attracted the at¬ 
tention of the. owners of the animals, and 
they sent for the veterinary surgeon to as¬ 
certain the cause of this sudden gentleness. 
That functionary noticed a certain tendency 
to sleep in the animals, but scarcely knew to 
what to refer this unusual condition, when 
in one of his visits he chanced to find a bottle 
half full of chloral. When he questioned the 
delinquent coachman as to the use lie made 
of the drug, the latter, after much hesita¬ 
tion, owned that, following the ml vice of a 
brother whip, he gave his 1 torses a dose of 
chloral every Morning to make them go 
quietly, and further, that many of the fra¬ 
ternity in Bordeaux followed the same plan. 
This is not only true of coachmen in Bor¬ 
deaux but it is asserted to be practiced by 
American coachmen as well. 
ORIGIN OF REMARKABLE BELGIAN 
PEARS. 
FIELD NOTES 
The Abbe I-Iardenpont of Mons, was the 
first of the race of Belgian fruit growers. In 
the last quarter of the last century, he ob¬ 
tained from seed the Beurre de Hardenpont 
the Passe-Colmar, the Beurre Ranee, and the 
Delices d’Hardenpont, some of which still 
hold places of the first x'ank in advanced Po¬ 
mology. M. Van Mons of Louvain, quickly 
followed, having between 1787 anil 1854, 
raised 500 kinds of new Pears, several of 
which are of the highest class. M. Beront, 
between 1845 and 1854, produced within that 
decade no less than sixty new kinds; in 
18:28, he produced le Delice d’Flays, which is 
Minnesota Sweet Corn.— I planted two and 
three-fourths acres of turf with a good cout 
of manure plowed under. The corn didn’t 
come up good nor appear to grow well ; but 
it finally attained a higbt of from 3 to 5% 
feet, and averaged about 4>£ feet; but I 
harvested from that piece of grouxid 265 
bushels of ears of corn. I planted the rows 
feet apart and the hills In the rows wei-e 
Irom 12 to 20 inches apar. Cultivated in the 
usual way.— H. F. Fordham, Le Boy. 2V. i . 
Seed Corn , if it is not In a cool, dry place, 
should be looked aftex*. Some people suffer 
in spring from not attending to this matter 
Grease Heels or Scratches.—Dr. J. D. Ttjt- 
hill says :—Grease is a malignant form of 
scratches, and is caused by bad stable 
management, washing the heels, and allow¬ 
ing l hem to dry by the slow process of evap¬ 
oration, In some horses there exists a pre¬ 
disposition to scratches or grease; in such 
subjects the cure is always difficult. Three 
times a week cleanse tlu: heels with soap and 
tepid water, and once every day dress with 
the following:—Carbolic acid, 3 drams; 
tincture of iodine, 2 ounces ; glycerine, 6 
ounces; rain water, Bounces ; mix. Give 
one of the following powders, mixed in the 
feed night end morning:—Sulphate iron, 9 
drams ; saltpeter, 2 drams for one or two 
weeks 
