- 
M. Van Koppenael’s stables were some¬ 
what like a menagerie. In a warm, sheltered 
pen, where the thermometer was kept at 00 
degrees, were live yaks, the grunting ox of 
Tartary. Another stable and yard contained 
quite a herd of Brahmin cattle. In stock¬ 
aded enclosures were kept African buffaloes 
and American bisous, while, fi *rce and 
sullen, in a strong prison by himself, the 
great auroehx (uru-) of Lithuania pawed the nearly 
ground and looked at the visitors with red, WJaetk 
savage eyes. “That fellow cost rno 10,(10(1 it is p 
guilders to get him here,” said Van Kop- more r 
penacl, “butho is worth half a million, for ham Pi 
he is the root of my new species. 1 bought Bos In 
him from a Russian nobleman in the neigh- genus, 
borhood of Pskov, and I have had him fifteen admitt 
years. In all that, time he has not changed those o 
in look, nor softened in temper.” In another wishinj 
enclosure were about fifty unimols, of non- closely 
descript appearance, all of the bovine species, The d’if 
yet very lew resembling each other, and as ougl 
none like any that I had ever seen. “These improv 
are my hybrids in the ilrst stage,” said Van go distr 
Ivoppen tcl; “ they havo nothing in their powers 
appearance that is inviting; but they are comme 
none of them sterile animals, and are conse- flesh o: 
quently capable of being Improved upon.” withou: 
In a third enclosure, u sort of paddock, the Bex 
with a stuble connected, was another lot of than tl 
anbnals, comprising one male, three females, back a 
and six calves, “ This.” said Van Koppenael, humeni 
region, and the size and squareness of the 
udder, which, by the way, has six teats. 
The anatomical differences between the 
common ox and the Bos compositus are 
noticeable, but not very great. It will be 
observed by looking at the pedigree of Van 
only ol^corn raised on creek and river 
bottoms, annually top-dressed with fat mud 
from mountains and hills, river farmers 
might export manure as well as meat produce 
from this mud. All that is required is the 
concentration of manure from corn till it is 
worth as much per 1U0 pounds as pork. The 
latter does not extract a fourth part of the 
bone-earth nitrogen and 
PRACTICAL HINTS FOR THE CONCEN 
TRATION OF MANDRES. 
Assuming that the wheat fields and corn 
fields of the United States are not inexhaust¬ 
ible, no more than those devoted to the pio- 
ductioa ofixation and tobacco, it is obvious 
that nothing will so much facilitate the prac¬ 
tice of universal restitution of the essential 
elements of fertility, os some cheap process 
for concentrating manures. It is only in a 
condensed form, as in Peruvian guano, that 
the food of our staple crops can be sent 
many miles into all the rural districts, which 
export grain, meat, dairy products, tobacco 
and cotton. Universal restitution imp.iea 
the transportation of manure—the raw ma¬ 
terial for making our great staples—as far as 
any product of the soil is sent to market. 
magnesia in coni. 
In this region, hogs grow on acorns, worms, 
and other products of the forest. Oil and 
starch in corn fatten them; and these com¬ 
pounds of water and carbon have small value 
as manure. Hence, corn manure, with the 
oil and starch removed, is equal to the best 
cotton seed cake, or that from flax seed, as a 
fertilizer. 
To extract alcohol in whiskey from corn 
does not impair its value as a manure. To 
fatten grown cattle or hogs on still slops does 
not materially lessen its value as a dry com¬ 
mercial fertilizer. It is important that the 
It farmer studies all the changes that grain 
is a question of the highest national import- undergoes in the beer tub and in the diges- 
nnce that we learn and practice as speedily five and respiratory organs of farm stock, 
as possible the best way to eliminate front Practically considered, 50 lbs. of corn meal 
common manure those elements least valua- should make about 1 1 pounds of good meal 
ble as fertilizers. Every farmer knows that P°rk, aud 10 pounds of superior manure, 
a ton of wet stable manure, or one of com- One advantage in fermenting and retting 
raon yard manure in a city, will not meet the stable manure Is, that the active chemical 
cost of long transportation like a barrel of action in the mass enables one to dissolve 
pork or flour. The large amount of water in bones ground fine and buried in the manure 
milk is often c-xpelled to facilitate its distant cheaper than to use sulphuric acid for that 
consumption ; and as the solid and liquid purpose. Oil of vitroil, far in the itterior. Is 
droppings of farm stock contain some 65 a very expensive article to use as a manure, 
parts of pure water In 100 of fresh manure, Hence, I have sought for a cheaper solvent 
it is vastly more important that this water of hone phosphates, 
Rather hot carbonic 
acid in decomposing stable manure appears 
to act similar to sulphuric acid, in forming a 
soluble phosphate of lime. IVhatever may 
be the chemical action or reaction bone-dust 
rots fast in rotting manure. I have not tried 
hot vinegar on bone dust, but I have a theory 
that this organic acid may be made very 
cheap from sorghum syrup, and then used to 
dissolve bones. 
What nature docs in a Blow way may often 
be done rapidly by simply concentrating her 
forces, os when wood ia burnt by bringing 
the sun's rays to a focus through a common 
lens. Cheap hot acids made at home may 
give us potash from fine granite aud phos¬ 
phoric acid from fossil bones aud apauio 
much cheaper than commerce now supplies 
them. About 75 per cent, of the ash of 
wheat is the phosphate of potash. 
D. Lee. 
I YtUeuf 
mens), 
Bos coffer. 
I wus surprised at what M, Van Koppenael 
told mo of the milking qualities of his new 
hybrid. The cows which he showed me 
were yielding an average per capita of 
12,000 pounds of milk per annum, aud this 
milk is so rich in butyraeeous properties 
that its average yield of butter is one pound 
in nine, thus equaling the finest strains of 
Jersy cattle, 
“Have these precious animals no fault?” 
f asked. 
" They have,’’ replied M. Van Koppenael, 
“a very gruve fault. They arc veiy fierce, 
and they are very impatient of confinement. 
I shall have to breed this out, of them before 
1 can venture to think them perfect, and 1 
do not know how to do it, Unless I introduce 
another cross of the Bos lndicus by breeding 
the Trisabramak to that. Another t hing, I 
have not room here. I need your Western 
prairies or your blue-gras3 regions to give 
my herds a fair chance, but I am too old to 
emigrate. Those who come after mo will 
develop the experiment, and bring out its 
full results. After the B 03 compositus has 
been made reasonably perfect, a close and 
thorough system of in and in breeding will 
be needed to mature and round off all the 
excellence of the new animal. That is 
f Aurocha(UruB) 
tort is... 
I Blso Aciericu- 
(. mis. 
r Blso Atuerlcu- 
fBisaU...J 
| \ uk (Bos irrun- 
I (. ulone). 
Blsalt j 
Uvaui. \ 
Biso Aroerica- 
uus. 
L P.isbrara. 
. Bos lndicus. 
“That is what I call scientific propaga¬ 
tion,” cried M. Van Koppenael, looking 
enthusiastically at the parchment. “ i have 
given forty years of study and observation 
to the production of that pedigree, besides 
makiDg a thousand experiments, and I am 
not satisfied ; it is not perfect yet ; 1 must 
breed some of the Urus out somehow,” said 
he reflectively, “However,” he added, 
“time must determine about that. You Fee 
that your American bison is the piece tie re¬ 
sistance in establishing this breed. There 
are three separate strains of bison blood in 
Iho Bos compositus to two each of the Urus, 
the Era lndicus and the Bos grulmiens, and. 
one only of the Bos caller. What 1 arrived 
tt in loving this foundation was size, pace 
and health. Your bison has fifteen ribs on a 
side, two more than the Bos taunts, one more 
than any other species. I havo preserved 
that peculiarity—the Bos compositus has 
thirty ribs. In the fourth generation I 
crossed theTrlsurak (a very singular hybrid ; 
I will show you one), with the Bos lndicus, 
in order to get back the hump and add to tho 
docility of the animal and its tenderness of 
fi:8h. The pioduet, the Trisubmmak, was 
defective in length of neck and weight of 
hind-quarters, so I crossed in my noble old 
aurochs again, and got tlic animal which you j 
ses before you.” 
The Bos compositus was a large animal, ! 
the bull weighing about 1,500 pounds, aud | 
the cow ((here was but one fully grown) 
nearly 1,000 pounds. Their color was a 
delicate fawn, shad’d with black on the 
lower legs. Their mane was short, curly, 
soft and tawny brown in hue. Their horns, 
which turned downwards and backwards 
like nhc horns of the musk-ox, were small 
and fi it, with corrugations in rings from 
root to tip. The head of the animal is small 
in proportion to the body, but the neck, 
with its curly brovrn mane, is broad and 
massive. Over the ridge of the shoulders 
rests the hump, a mass of flesh as large as a 
well filled two-bushel bog. This hump how- 1 
ever, sits closer than the hump of the ! 
Brahminy bull, and, from the larger aud 
fuller proportions of the Koppenael animal's 
hind quarters, does not look like a deformity, j 
Koppenael bred to retain the hump express¬ 
ly on account of its superior edible qualities. 
In the Koppenael cow the milking sign9 are 
very well marked, both in the distribution 
of the arterial system, the richness of coat, 
the breadth and roominess of the pelvic 1 
lice In 
iliuins. 
AMMONIATED PHOSPHATE AS A FEE 
TILIZER. 
vdrogea a- ' Dcrino the Summer the Stono Phosphate 
lg the dry Com P ftn y were kind enough to present the 
voided, less with a ton of their Ammoniated 
nd oats she Pdo5 P hate i t0 b - tested as a fertilizer for 
instructive tUruips ‘ The ex Pe»iment has proved an 
entire success. 
. A hill side of six acres was sowed in oats 
no respire- last Spring; two acres of the sis are quite 
carbon wornund poor, producing not more than ten 
. m bushels of corn per acre. After the oats 
f Were cut > the &tubblc was plowed under 
, ;' r with a two-horse plow, and then harrowed 
Mm , and twice roUed - The ground was laid off 
, . hi rows two and a half to three feet apart, 
i-er-nmvinf The fertilizer being dropped in this fui row 
if th’" - ^ a ^ rate of four hundred pounds to ilia 
' e , )r , 0 . 1 ' acre. It was covered with two fuirows : 
st valuable the ridge smoothed with a board, und tho 
potash and seed sown with ft drill at the rate of two 
d lime, the Pounds per acre. 
es, may be The after cultivation was one deep plow- 
as concen- after thinning, one hoeing and oncepass- 
i8 elements through with a cultivator to break a 
1 out. By cn *st. The drouth of August prevented 
igs, stable tbo completion of sowing unt il the first week 
n, oxygen, i Q September. 
;idue, thor- , The crop is fine ; et lesRt five hundred 
vill fix and bushels to the acre. The cost of taeh acre 
nit "^eluding the value of the fertilizer, was *18 
land nitre- flits make : the cost per Undid between 
Ely stable three and four cents, Mv slicep arc now on- 
orize with j°y in E them in the fold. They will be worth 
inure to a more tbiin c p g t to the sheep, cs tl ore will be 
nrirtMoKM 5P me , I™ or la " ri made rich without cost, 
orartlcable One half acre of these six was manured wi k 
ul manure the phosphate. No one need hesitate to 
Manure tor Wheat.— The Delaware State 
Journal says:—“ Wherever organic matter 
abounds in the soil a free use of bones and 
potash will speedily restore it to Its original 
fertility, in sandy soils organic matter m 
the form of peat, muck or leaf mold, should 
V>e combined with tue bones and potash. 
The finer the bones are ground the more 
speedy their action. If the bones arc ground 
in a raw state, that is, without ft<-nming or 
burning, and ground very fine and mixed 
wnth three times their weight of fine muck 
or peat, or leaf mold, and kept moist for 
three weeks before being used, they will 
generate all the ammonia necessary to the 
rapid growth of wheat or ether growing 
crops, without the addition of other sub¬ 
stances.” 
