bt'sfc COWH that can be had, sparing no ex- , SJlftr l )enetl r*<ug among i 
lx-use, we are tpld. In obtaining good cows , ur is thoroughly filled ^ 
whenever they can be had. Winter dairying killed all the lino on ft oalvo R 
ounces each per day more than the 
e of the 531 cows where milk was $< 
3 factory and an average of 4If *> 
■ine so prominently advocated, that 
is an unnatural food because it does 
<§811(2 Dttsbatulrg. 
PENNSYLVANIA DAIRYMEN IN COUNCIL. 
The Crawford County Dairy Convention 
held at MeadviUe, Pa., Jan. 0-7, was in all 
respects a grand success. The attendance 
was very large, the session on Wednesday 
evening completely filling the Court House 
and numbering from 300 to 1,000 people. No 
such gathering of farmers, it was said, had 
ever occurred in Northwest Pennsylvania to 
discuss topics connected with their business. 
The Crawford Co. Dairymen's Association 
was organized some three or four years ago, 
but no convention had been inaugurated 
until the present year. Crawford County 
embraces an area of about 30 miles square 
and is said to be admirably adapted to dairy¬ 
ing. The farms that we passed along French 
Crock appeared to be well fenced and the 
buildings and surroundings indicated thrift. 
Thu’e are 57 checso factories in operation in 
the county ari l the dairy products sold tlio 
past year are estimated to havo brought 
nearly, if not quite, $1,000,000. Erie and 
Mercer Counties, adjoining Crawford, ore 
also engaged in dairying, and a large delega¬ 
tion from thes3 was in attendance at the 
Convention. 
A considerable portion of the first day (the 
6th) was occupied In the appointment of 
committees and in getting the meeting into 
j running order. The olcction of officers was 
conducted on the old Crawford County plan 
—that is, the nominations were first made by 
ballot. This occupied considerable time, but 
| gave all candidates a fair chance. It resulted 
in choosing Mr. A. M. Fuller, one of the 
leading business men of Mead villa, as Presi- i 
dent of the Association for tho ensuing year. - 
Mr. Fuller is deservedly popular among all 1 
classes both in MeadviUe and among the i 
dairymen of Northwestern Pennsylvania, i 
H e has for soma time been active In promot- i 
lug tho best Interest of the dairy in this boc- i 
tion, and to his influence and exertions tho 1 
success of the Convention was largely due. c 
H. Cooley Green. a a veil known factory- 
mau, uow of MeadviUe, was chosen Secretary 1 
and Treasurer and Mr. Biqokr, another fan- u 
toryman, was made Corresponding Score- t 
■ tary. Twenty Vice-Presidents were also v 
chosen, located in different sections of Craw- 1 t 
ford, Erie aud Mercer Counties. It was not t. 
until about 3 o’clock, P. M., that tho Con- I q 
version got fairly to work, tho first paper I v 
being that of L. W. Miller of Stockton, h 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., on tho subject of tl 
MEAt fE£BIN3 AMD AiliMAl 013E3Tlj|l. 1 15 
This, in many respects, was a most re- ! 
markable paper, since it advanced a new j r 
theory in regard to wintering stock, in a u) 
recent number of the Rural New-Yorker u . 
we gave some account of Mr. Miller’s cx- tr 
pertinents iu meal-feeding and his address at ( p 
the Convention was an elaboration of the it , 
views referred to, giving in detail the result h ... 
of his experiments and at tho same time on-j w 
deavoringto explain his theory and placo it 
upon sound physic logical principles. 
He commenced by referring to certain 
practices of his own in fcoding meal to dairy ' tl '| 
stock when dry and the adverse criticism w 
which lias been colled out. Sixteen years etl 
ago he happened to mention to a gentleman p; 
that he (Miller) was short of hay for win- t p 
tcriug stock and the gentleman informed him I qu 
that ho had twice wintered his cow upon ( { a 
meal, once upon three pints of scalded meal lt ' 
per day and once upon three quarts per day, %v j 
keeping in stall ali winter and watering by .... 
Land, and t he assurance was given that under 
tlds treatment the cow came through in ex- I j. f! , 
Calient condition and yielded a fuU product p.* 
of milk each season. S0! 
Upon this hint, Mr. Miller ventured to \-{ 
place his wholo herd of 20 cows, having first &fr{ 
dried them off, upon au exclusive meal diet, tin 
feeding on an average three pints of dry corn n , j 
meal morning and evening to each cow, giv- f ol . 
ing tire large cows a little more and the small ye , 
ones a little loss. The cows were kept in 
warm, clean, properly-ventilated stables and sa t 
were only turned out half an hour each day na , 
for water. They were uneasy the flisl three a v 
or four days of meal diet, but after that they no , 
La-I the appearance ©f unusual quiet and ca i 
content. 
Mr. Miller said ho was confident their coa 
rations were ample to satisfy the wants of ,-De¬ 
nature and that they did not lotto flesh. lo ’ 
In the spring, when they began to drop asa j 
their calves, bo fed them all the hay they 
would eat Lu the morning and hi the evening tpp 
they were fed two quarts of meal without and 
hay or fodder of any kind. But they showed a( .], 
a decided preference for meal over hay. The doc 
calves dropped were of the usual size, strong I me . 
and healthy, and gave no indication of a 
deficiency of proper and essential elements 
in the food of the mother. When on tho ex¬ 
clusive meal diet—a period of nine weeks that 
season—rumination ceased when they had 
no longer any food to reuiasticate. Occasion¬ 
ally ono would refuse her meat, and in such 
I cases it was Ills custom to administer a tablo- 
spoonful of dissolved copperas and a restora¬ 
tion of appetite followed. When the weather 
was very stormy they were kept in and siij)- 
plied with water by hand. The amount of 
water drank at such times was surprisingly 
small, varying from one quart, and in rare 
cases to eight or ten quarts, per day for each 
cow. He thinks they would not average live 
quarts per day for each cow. 
Although accustomed to eating a daily 
ration of salt during summer, they showed 
but little inclination to eat it when on meal. 
VALUE 
COLOR OF 
ANIMAL. 
HAIR 
not, when fed, pass through all the stomachs rjvv 0iT> 
^ cliaDge Ionian. 
fiom hay to meal and vice versa, suddenly, I — * - - . 
without gradation, and thus far it has been VALUE OF COLOR OF watt? Vat „ 
with safety. He would not wish to lay down ANIMAL. AIT 
the rule that a daily ration of three quarts of - 
meal is sufficient in all cases. Large cattle ^ HE Record and Former gars —W s 
would require more aud small loss. He who Baile -V of Buffalo, assistant editor of ’ tho 
feeds meal must watch his animals closely Amerlcai > Herd Book, read an essay with 
and variations be made according to cirouul- the above title at the recent convention of 
stances. His own experience teaches that if feeders of Short-Horn cuttle ut ^Minefield 
more than say three pints to two quarts of ' vhif 'b is printed in the Ohio Farmer’ 
h fn, __^ ^ _ nr* 4 .. M - vuiu i^rmer, 
The Record and Former say#w a 
Ba,ley of Buffalo, arista..! editor of'tho 
America,, Herd Book, read „„ t . K ay w) th 
, " V0 „‘! 8 ,lt >> ■went convention of 
wuui ftav tiiree pints to two quarts nf 
lueal is fed at one time waste ensues. That 
if more be fed for the purpose of laying on 
flrsh and fat, the feeding should bo, if fed of 
dear meal, once in six or eight hours in such 
quantities as could be assimilated, that if fed 
immediately before or after the feeding of 
hay a loss ensues from a want of capacity of 
\r„ d m , , 1 - v-mio rnrmer. 
Mr. Bailey takes a very sensible view of the 
UrTiT’ t£ d W ° th ‘ nk h,s sU 8Retoions sound. 
Ut- says the prejudice, like many others, 
originated ln th © PC^onal preference of u 
few breeders, though these prejudices have 
no substantial foundat ion. 
..-------...— ““7 « was ensues zroui a want of oananltv notwwiistondmw th« f• , 
But when again fed upon hay they at once , the animal to digest only a limited quantity «<'sh-taking capacity 0^0 ^ ^ 
I t :!! l “! 6,i !., C01 !f Unimg fche USUal quantlty ot ! n a & iven Ill other words, the hnv “ems to be little or no '5® 
water and salt. 
RESUIT FROM THE MEAL-FED COWS. 
Mr. Miller says he made more than the 
usual quantity of butter that season and 
when tho cows were turned to grass they 
did belter than he hud ever known them to 
do before, when wintered in the usual wav, 
HIS SUSSEQ'JEHT PRACTICE. 
j bay lie resorted to meal, feeding in aa many 
C winters, five, seven and eight weeks, and al- 1 
y ways with tho most satisfactory results ; his l 
. cows, when turned out to grass, invariably 
’ doing better than when wintered on hay, l 
‘ both as to quality of milk and a tendency to j 1 
lay on flesh. ’ I < 
EXPERIENCE 0URIHO THE SEASON Of 1373-74 1 
In tho season of 1873.74 his hay crop was 8 
unusually short and what coni fodder saved 
was badly damaged by frost; and feeding ' 
this latter in early winter his stock were * 
made unusually poor in flesh when lie com- j 
meueod meal feeding in January, But the 
records of the factory where ho delivered 11 
milk the following summer show that Ids a 
herd gave better returns than the average a 
of other herds at the same factory. " 
Ija lSiv-,.j lie wintered his herd upon hay. ^ 
Tho cows came through in good condition U 
and were fed during the spring mouths with q 
two quarts of meal daily and all the hay they 
would eat, In 1873—74 he fed for nine weeks 
! bj each cow while dry three quarts of meal; 
then what hay they would eat and two’ [ 
quarts of meal for three weeks ; then bean !l 
J vines and meal for two weeks, losing one of ^ 
j bis best cows in the operation and setting n< 
the whole herd to scouring badly and losing , w 
I flesh. Then, lie says, ho did what he had “ 
never done before to cows giving milk. He is 
fed during the rest of the spring before turn- ;‘ l 
ing to pasture, on clear meal, a period of in 
about five weeks, giving five quarts of wet (1 ' 
meal daily to tlios-e giving milk. Under tins 00 
treatment they did well, aud although the M 
flow of milk was less than when fed on hay, ne 
its quality was excellent and the butter was KU 
superior. The bean vine butter, however, fa 
was poor. ’ 1 re: 
Again, he says the factory records show 
that liis cows arc giving five pounds of milk 
each per day more than they gave during su 
tho corresponding period the last season” 01-1 
when wintered on hay, but with this differ- to l 
ence iu their treatmentThis season his 110 
bill pastures were very short during the on- , .'° l 
tire season and in consequence about three 1U I 
quarts dry bran were fed to each cow per ke 
day. This bran would no more than make f 
up tho deficiency in pasture as compttred wr 
with the former season. At the close of the ori 
season, having fed no bran nor t-xtra feed s * u 
Since the 20 th of August, he finds by factory 
| . m . a g . lv f n tirae * 111 oth °r words, the hav sfteUia to be little or no evidence that the 
being fed at the same time as the meal, or P^c-dple which causes the difference in 
tJosdy in connection with it, the animal, «olor of hair, coexists with or is the result of 
after eating the hay, commences remastica- GarlI « r maturity, or superior qualit y 0 f fl,. ‘h 
tion aud the meal having onoepassed into or bide. The origin of the prejudice will 
tie fourth or true digestive stomach, the hay probably be found in the dark' colors of 
food is thuv forced where it is not required American Bates herds, the brcedinc oublif 
ami an over-supply ensues. Whether the bay Mbnking that because DuchoKte* wero r !1 
01 l T ,S wasted he thought was not that color would indicate superior qualitv in 
W ° Hh Z™* f C0U3ider: but or the strain. But Bates eridcn.ly had no 
other and most Hkelv both . t.._InipnMniM . , 
.. ,,, . , WU..O LO consider; but ono or the W strain. But Bates ,. U( i nn |t ' i 
Aitei this experience, whenever short of J Other and most likely both are forced through intentions whatever m nor, , F V J. d no 
ty lie resorted to meal, feeding in aa many j the system without being properly asslmilat- color. 1 pC Uale the ’ red 
I tfl flliil linnnn___ . A 4 « /“V 
O i - l -- • J WWAM4AAMHJ 
etl, aud bonce are wasted by passing off in 
the excrements. 
Enough, perhaps, baa been given to show 
t he hue of argument adopted by Mr. Miller 
7 experiments have been of a remarkable 
character, und having been carried over a 
period of 16 years, he deems them sufficiently 
successful to prove tho theory set up that 
cows can be wintered exclusively on meal 
without detriment to health or their useful¬ 
ness in yielding milk. 
Iu the discussion which followed Mr. Blod- 
Oue of the greatest failings,.)' 1 fi e breeder’s 
prolos.ion is its tendency to waste energy on 
the highest development of elimination of 
some unimportant characteristic. Tin's is 
perfectly proper in tho pigeon furrier, who 
labors to please only the eye, but there is no 
excuse for Short-Horn breeders destroying 
capital m the shape of light colored bulls 
ThT^f i° PrOdU0e one particular color. 
lh black nose was a prominent Short-Horn 
characteristic, and Was not objectionable 
either m itself eras an Indication, eliminated, 
- -DLWD- — WBWU VI tlAt 4XlUir4iL ICU l*lim Imfn.1 
(jkt of Chautauqua County said he had vis- «»»* of course there is no object in rcoroduc' 
from Um„ to Um. H«. m« to ho n-c^a, V LK“» 
and lie corroborated the statement given to pitch, on something to send in the wake nr 
above. He said he had been short of hay the black noses, the Seventeens and the 
' T oC lsrJ{_74 and had in part 1 attons > t>nt wo trust that before proceedimr 
aslopted Mr. Miller’s practice. Had win- t'other, breeders will find some substantial 
(eied cows on five pounds hay and three I reason for continuing Hie Herculean work V 
quarts meal each per day.-[To be continued. | eliminating light colors. 
WINTER DAIRYING. 
Mr. Boies of Marengo, IU., who lias a 
liv.rd o£ about 1(K) cows employed jn butter 
dairying, is au advocate of what may be de¬ 
nominated as “winter dairying.” Iu other 
words lu- would have his cows “come iu 
milk" during the fail, and he assorts that it 
reason for continuing the Herculean work of 
eliminating light colors. 
----- 
OHIO COWS COMING EAST. 
A C 0 XSU 1 KRAIU.K number of Ohio cows 
we understand, have been sent East this win- 
t er, and some have been distributed through 
Herkimer County to fill up the herds, selling 
at various prices from 825 to 810. Weave 
told the season has been very dry in Ohio and 
..." .... mail 11 , -——w Ai«t,uKen very arv in Ohio nn/l 
is impossible to get the fullest profit from a that many farmers have been obliged t n 1 - 
butter dairy without having Hie cows “come ! tluco their herds on uccount of scar, it v e 
m m winter. His phm is to feed high i fodf ter. ^ ,J 
/ 1 lli*in^ .. 1 II • . ® fPL. 1 
! ^wring winter, and then In spring, when the 
cows naturally begin to fall off in milk, the 
May and June pastures send them up to 
nearly their full yield again. Then, as the 
summer drouth occurs, or a3 grass begins to 
fail, the cows arc “dried off” and take their 
rest preparatory for the next calving. 
Again, cool weather is more favorable for 
the manufacture of butter than the heat of 
summer: and a- the butter market is gen¬ 
erally better in winter than in summer, 
together with ie-;.- risk to butter in the trans¬ 
portation, these considerations, at least, have 
considerable weight in favor of winter dairy¬ 
ing. When proper provision is made for 
keeping the cows in warm quarters, well 
ventilated, together with an ample supply 
ot succulent food, such as roots, etc., the plan 
would seem to have advantage over the 
ordinary course pursued by dairymen, \\ r e 
should suppose, however, that the yield of 
milk by winter dairying would be less than 
returns that his cows averaced , 1 summer dairying ; hut m Mr. Boots’ case 
loss than on ... g( ' fraction the prod u<d is large and compares favorably 
le- s than..O pounds milk per day for the sea- with the best averages. This doubtless is 
smi nf Hon .... . a . . 1 . i ';" 1 '"Jnuuces, if 
The herds in Control New York are below 
havuig bec “ winced in tho full 
H 1 ' V US t !i? ,ay C1 °P ia tori section was 
imfthe° r r h ° llUy Cr ° p in 1874 1,1 Herkimer 
COtt »««8^fts abundant and 
h edsarehkdyto be again made up to 
theii usual average. x v w 
---- 
NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
Kilhny I/iec on Calves.—A correspondent 
of the Mirror and Farmer tells how lie did it 
as follows :—I find plenty of lice this fall on 
young Stock. 1 get rid of them by smoking 
with tobacco. To do this I make a pipe by- 
taking a hasa stick 5 inches through 10 
inches long, boro a 8-inch hole through it 
lengthwise, plug both ends yvith plugs 4 
inches long, boro a % inch hole through one 
plug and sharpen down to the hole, bore a 
hole through the other plug to lit the nose of 
ill summer dairying ; hut in Mr. Boies’ case - vour 1'cUows, take out this plug, fill half full 
*#>•<> mh 
due 111 part ro his system of buvina all the b ”' v Wlth [ij0 bellows, moving 
milk each per flay more than bis cows gave or village consumption; but for butter or 1 , M ‘ ol M t<jhacco ) n minutes. Smoko tho 
for t ie corresponding season the previous making we believe it has not been '-> n tJie roost in tho same way. 
year when wintered on hay. v' P v t, y, iuy extent among the dairymen of Cerebral Disease.— A correspondent had a 
Ajjjj ,'r r: from w - •»* ssk \ t *? r* r• ,k ™ ^4? 
■ t it t.Mt concentrated food is not un- from our dairy readers on the subject either t blind, throwing her head side- 
natural to i he cow. Her four stomachs are f °r or against. ' ’ ways, back and forih, and soon laid down in 
« a<l.pt«io„ to tier worn, „ d . -—-- £& SfcW 
| ssit,eHuml-i (hfiei entconditions. Inthe The Microscopb for Daiktmen.— Gov. W r s—'Hie symptoms os described indicate 
calr, iiv'ing upon its mother’s milk, we find ^'^'Mouk, in his recent address, recommend- Please of the brain or its investing mem 
no development of the stomachs used unou ed - 18 microscope for use among farmers, branes - ‘be early stages of the attack an 
coarse food. This fact is important as K i,lw f. tying Ifc toem to observe to earfhartic, Consisting of Epgoni f alts, 8 
ino- that enneonti-.i» i '■ , - bhow- some purpose. You cannot expect a natron oz -* JHmaiea ginger 4 div, croton oil, 5 (Irons ■ 
o t ill . niiatvd food w not unnatural of a cheese factory to take iiafns with iiis water. 8 oz., may b<- given every six hour’ 
to die ruui maiit. Complete digestion and milk unless these fungoid growths prejudicial ur| HI the bowels are freely evacuated Blist 
assimilation certainly tabes place, proving to milk are shown him. A microscope will Lo '.'* mH . yr bo afterward applied to poll and 
that all the conditions of life are fulfilled in - ow aud c ' on vince. The farmer yvith lie R P*no with good effect. There ri no such dis» 
t h 1 , n ,fforofa, i ^O^tot f <,lS d ro “ -» r .. Trr , -wa., 
and functions of the first and second stom- thought, is especially needed in the da’irv vouncni fimal- , aP 'c.—(W. 0.)—If your 
achs. This he thinks comnletelv refutes t.he E \'en a cheap microscope would be a. rol- '‘ 4 L !l 5® lfc J? ? 10 “dica- 
--- rJMAwivy, LUG 
bens on the roost in the same way. 
( erebral Disease .—A correspondent had a 
cow in good condition, taken sick drooling 
soon became blind, throwing her head side- 
u.iys, back and forth, and soon laid down in 
great distress and died. Her horns showed 
no signs or hollow horn. Dr. Tu thill, V. 8. 
says i—Tho symptoms as described indicate 
disease ot tho brain or its investing mem¬ 
branes. Tn t he early stages of the attack an 
active earthartfc, consisting of Epsom salts 8 
oz.. Jamaica ginger 4 dry, croton oil, ft drops • 
41 may b '; rr ''y en six hours 
