MOORE’S RURAL WEW-YORKER. 
JAN. SO 
PROCRESS AMD IMPROVEMENT. 1 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
RURAL, LITERAL! - AND RAMIL! NEffSfAPJSK. 
D. D. T. MOORE, 
Founder and Conducting Editor. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S, FULLER, 
Associate Editors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D.„ Cortland Village, N. Y„ 
Eoitou or rex Dvumn or Rnn iimiuMDBV. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
Editcb or ran Dupiethisnt or Diitv HuusANotT. 
G. A. C. BARNETT. Publisher. 
TERW3 FOK 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS rREPAY. 
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£2 f~ No advertisement inserted lor less than $3 
SATURDAY, JAN. 30, 1875. 
DRAINING THE AGRICULTURAL 
POCKET. 
pretent ions pol.tician who Is supposed to have 
“Influence at. Headquarters,” thus wasting 
both time and money that should be employed 
in farm improvement, 
8. Employing carpenters to build expensive, 
fancy, flllagree fence about and in front of the 
house, while the fences on the balance of the 
farm look as if a cyclono had just swept over 
them. 
9. Running in debt, unnecessarily, under auy 
circumstances. 
10. Attending to everybody's business but 
one’s own. 
1L Diverting money from one's legitimate 
business to enter into speculations. 
lib Pretending to be what one is not and 
aping the airs and stylo of those whose wealth 
enables them to do aa they choose. 
These dozen drains might bo easily multi¬ 
plied by auotbor twelve, and yet tho llBt would 
not be exhausted. Wo fancy some people will 
be ublo to discover others by looking at those. 
Single Copy, 83.05 per Year. To ClubsFive Cop¬ 
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for il .4; Seven Copies, and one free, for ? 17.20; Ten 
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above rates include post'ijsi which we shall be obliged 
to prepay after Jon. 1. lirs, under tho new luw.Ho 
any part of the United States, and the American 
posing A on all copies mailed to Canada. On papers 
walled to Europe, by steamer, the postage will bo S5 
cents extra—or 13.50in all. Drafts, Post-Oflioe Money 
Orders an d Registered Letters may bo mailed at our 
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PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
No, 78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow’s Bookstore, Osburn 
House Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
This 13 precisely what a great rnauy good 
people complain of—Unit this system of drain¬ 
age is so complete and elTective. It is conceded 
to be a great success aud there is a row about il 
in all quarters. Railroads, middlemen, un¬ 
scrupulous politician*, mechanics, manufactur¬ 
ers, merchants, monopolies of all sorts, office 
sinecures, etc., etc., all have laid pipe through¬ 
out the agricultural domain, whereby they 
draw out <>r those who till It tin* very essence 
uud fruit of their labor. The row is legitimate. 
Contra pipes oru being laid. This is proper. 
Agricultural drains are being Ailed up. This Is 
right. The outgo Is being checked. This is 
good. Irrigation is being substituted for this 
loakage, and the water Is held In reserve for 
future use. This Is wise. We wonder if it 
would be safe for this modest editorial pencil 
to point out some of the drains that reach iul.o 
the agricultural pocket that are too frequently 
overlooked by those wbo complain most? For 
Instance: 
1. Buying land that is not neoded aud run¬ 
ning in debt for it, when that already possessed 
is not half stocked not rendered half as pro¬ 
ductive as it ought to bo. 
2. Mortgaging the farm to build a new and 
pretentious house that is not adapted to the 
farmer's wauls, when the old one may be 
made comfortable and convenient without in¬ 
curring debt. 
3. Ilunnlug in debt for costly carpets and fur¬ 
niture for the said new house, in order that its 
“ style ” may equal some other man's home. 
4. Buyluga five or eight hundred dollar piano, 
in order that a beloved daughter of twelve to 
sixteen years may waste her tirno and neglect 
her education In more important matters 
drumming upon it. 
5. Running in debt for costly carriages in 
which to ride over roads that are a disgrace to 
civilization. 
6. Sending the daughters away to expensive 
boarding schools, where they are taught every¬ 
thing. nearly, except what they will need to 
kuowwhen they shall h ive become wives and 
mothers ; and the boys away toaorne university 
or college, where they learn how to squander 
money, row a boat or play at ball, it may be, 
aud that they are too refined to soil their hands 
handling a manure fork or wrench their cords 
and muscles handling a plow. 
7. Running for a lncnl office and doing the 
ilrty work of, and spending money for some 
LABOR IN GEORGIA. 
In the First Annual Report of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Agriculture of Georgia, we find some 
interesting facts given In relation to farm labor 
in that State, which will not only interest our 
Southern readers hut those in the North and 
West who may design migrating thither. These 
facts were obtained by sending circulars con¬ 
taining plain questions upon the subjects of 
labor, home supplies, etc., to n number of in¬ 
telligent ami experienced farmers in every 
County In the State, the questions asked being 
of such a character as that they could be an¬ 
swered by every farmer from his own actual 
knowledge, obtained by personal experience 
and observation. We give a summary of the 
conclusions of the Commissioner as derived 
from responses to these circulars fiom nearly 
every County in the State. 
1. Negro labor in Georgia is not addlngtoour 
values and is really not self-sustaining. 
2. More than half of the rural negro popula¬ 
tion are non-workers ; and these non-workers 
and consumers appear to be made up of nearly 
all the negro women, the girls Approaching 
womanhood and the younger members of the 
family. 4But those must find subsistence in 
sum r: way. 
8. In all parts of the State where tho farm is 
depended upon for the support of the family 
and it Is owned by white people w ho cultivate 
their lands with theirown labor, out-door work 
is not disdained by the adult females, nor are 
tho children exempt from their proper share of 
labor; but It seems that field labor is regarded 
bytho colored population as degrading to negro 
women andthelryoungcrchildren, even though 
that labor Is bestowed upon their ow n crops. 
t. Reports show that the average time em¬ 
ployed by those of the colored population who 
do work is about four and a half days per week, 
and that the average effectiveness and value of 
this labor, compared with that of I860 ,19 about 
00 per cent. 
5. The general testimony is that they are not 
willing to make rails, build end repair fences, 
dig or clean out ditches, or make necessary 
farm Improvements which are of a more per¬ 
manent character, even for extra oompenba- 
tlon, frequently refusing to do such work at 
very remunerative wages, and are very often 
unwilling to comply with their plain contracts. 
6. Jt. further appears from theae returns that 
tho class of white persona who are hirelings do 
not render as efficient labor as the negroes, be¬ 
ing k>* tractable aa employes. The majority 
Of this class * 1 * * mu appear to be thrifty, dili¬ 
gent Mid of steady habits, and are not accumu¬ 
lating property or improving their condition, 
but more ol this class, in proportion to num¬ 
bers, are acquiring property and elevating their 
standard of comfort, than among the negroes. 
There arc exceptions In both cases. 
V. When the white man owu» his land and 
works it altogether by his own labor and that 
of his family, he Is very generally realizing ben¬ 
efit and often very largo profits and rapidly 
acquiring wealth. 
8. " Where cotton la largely depended upon aud 
negro labor to produce it, a deplorable short¬ 
ness of provision crops exists. A majority of 
the negroes of Georgia engaged In tillage are 
renters or croppers on shares*, do as they please 
as to modes of culture aud are irresponsible 
managers. In such oases provision crops are 
scant aud each and every agricultural process 
is slovenly and u a remunerative. 
RUBAI NOTES AND QUERIES. 
account for the “ weakly” character of the Del¬ 
aware vines sent out thenoe. 
To ihePrex* of the Country—both Provincial 
and Metropolitan—we are greatly Indebted for 
recent kind, generous and appreciative notices 
of the Ucual NEw-YoUKi.it. But some friends 
who have been most cordial In their commend¬ 
ation of the Rural, have, unintentionally no 
doubt, omitted such Important items as Ihe 
price of the paper and it8 address. If they, and 
others having occasion (as wo trust all Its ex¬ 
changes will) to mention this hebdomadal, will 
do their readers and us the kindness to add 
terms and address to their notices, the favor 
will be gratefully appreciated by one who 
never ignores tho good will of the fraternity. 
The Rural and Sensationol Papers.— In re¬ 
mitting for the Rural for 1875, a West Virgin¬ 
ian, (Mr. Joseph A. Hess of Jefferson Co.,) thus 
expresses his optDion:—“ We have been taking 
the Rural in my father's family for several 
years and we like it very much. We admire 
your straightforward, hotiesh manly course In 
| handling ' rings.' and every other subject you 
take hold of. Could tho Rural be introduced 
into and read by every family in our land, lu- 
stead of the trashy, sensational papers now 
flooding our country, I believe It would accom¬ 
plish a vast amount of good." 
Increase of Practical School*.—We do not 
mean that there Is a remarkable increase of 
purely industrial or technological schools, but 
that the number of existing, established Insti¬ 
tutions devoting attention aud effort to the 
instruction of young xnen and women In the 
things they will want to do In their manhood 
and womanhood is steadily and rapidly Increas¬ 
ing. This fact proves that the Bupply will 
always approach very nearly to the demand In 
educational as in other matters, even If left 
to private enterprise, and that the establish¬ 
ment of government schools of this character 
may be unneceesary. But It seems to have 
been necessary, in the outset, that the sectarian 
institutions at which our children were edu¬ 
cated, formerly, in almost everything that did 
not relate to practical affaire, should have been 
mused from their lethargy in regard to the 
wants of tho Industrial classes In this respect 
and forced, by Government action In the 
endowment of Agricultural and Moohanicnl 
schools, to bc.-tir themselves In the same direc¬ 
tion or lose both prestige und patronage. This 
service tho Congressional Agricultural Endow¬ 
ment did for the schools and pupils of the 
country. But this service is complete. Our 
educators seem to be fully aroused to the de¬ 
mands of modern education, for which they 
have seemed to learn a new definition, we are 
glad to say, and further Government endow¬ 
ments of new, or interference with existing, 
schools seems needless. 
9. The system of renting lauds to negroes, or 
cropping with them on shares, in most cases 
does not pay. and unless It. is changed or modi¬ 
fied, will surely result in a decline in the value 
of lands and a steady decrease in the annual 
crop returns. The wages system, with proper 
oversight, Is certainly the most remunerative 
to the landholder and laborer. 
We have only noticed that portion of this 
report that relates to labor. Had we space we 
should like to summarize other facts presented 
and opinions expressed. Certainly there is no 
more important question to the South than 
that of labor; and it is of great importance that 
its condition and characteristics should be 
known to those who Intend to make homes 
there. 
A New Topic Suggested for Agricultural 
Writers.—Why in the name of tho Atlantic 
Ocean, do not some of our writers wbo havo 
attended fairs this year, givo us a few essays 
Upon the entirely row topic of “ Horse-racing 
at Fairs." Who has seen a word about It this 
fall? It seems to us to be worthy of some 
skilled pen and cultivated mind and the effect 
of a staving good article, say, once a week, In 
each of tho agricult ural papers would be exhil¬ 
arating and make a fellow relish hia '‘pumpkin 
pie” better. 
The British Wheat Trade.—From the English 
papers of Jan. 2, we learn that the wheat trade 
ie without any change in feature—except here 
and there an advance of Is. per qr.—but of a 
purely local aud temporary character, owing 
to condition. No general advance has resulted. 
Wheat at the close of 1874 ranged from 40s. to 
55s. per qr.. showing a decline of about 20a. per 
qr. from prices at the dose of 1873. No hopeful 
words concerning the future market ace fur¬ 
nished by any of our foreign exchanges. 
Sovereign Remedy for Farmer'* Evils.— Be¬ 
lieving, as we do, that the bulk of all the evils 
in which farmers are involved and of which 
they complain may be removed by themselves, 
we cannot forbear quoting what Hon. Geo. W. 
Adams Is reported as saying at the Georgia 
State Agricultural Convention, was a sovereign 
remedy for the evils complained of by Georgia 
farmers;—“The way to do is to keep out of 
debt. Law b not the remedy ; but the remedy 
is not to go in debt.” - Another speaker, Col. 2. 
H. Clakk, said:—“I’ll tell you the euro and 
cert am remedy for all tho troubles in this re¬ 
spect; it is to live within our means. Weougbt 
not to go in debt. We must make up our minds 
to do without what we can’t pay down for. 
We must, work.” We modestly submit, aa the 
opinion of the Rural New-Yorker, that the 
farmer who is and keeps out of debt Is likely to 
be the only contented aud happy rnantin his 
neighborhood,—if all his fellows are in debt. 
The way to get out of trouble Is to get out of 
debt: the way to keep out of trouble is to keep 
(Mi of debt. 
Indian River Orange*.—Mr. E. Williams of 
Montclair, N. J., last week presented us with a 
box of Indian River, Florida, oranges, which 
were superior to any in the New York Market, 
and that is saying more than many will be¬ 
lieve, albeit It la the truth. They are large, 
Juicy and well-flavored—in iact lho “creme de 
la creme ” of oranges, and suited to the taste 
and palate of a oouuolseur in tropical fruits. 
FU!» Culture.—Capt. PEIRCE of the Wenonah 
(N. J.) Advance is engaging quite extensively 
in this Interesting industry. S verul other par¬ 
ties in South Jersoy are also commencing ope¬ 
rations. They have pure water in that region, 
and we trust their efforts and skill may be 
crowned with abundant success. We hope 
Capt, P. will report progress occasionally. 
Rural Hnnitary Nelence.—It wouldn't be a 
bad idea for some of our Agricultural Societies 
to do what has been done in England—offer a 
liberal premium for ihe best essay on “The 
application of sanitary science tor.iral districts 
with a view to insure the highest condition of 
health and the prevention of disease.” Eco¬ 
nomically considered, this is a very important 
matter to the “ Rural Populationfor it is 
stated that the inventors and vendors of patent 
and quack medicines In this country depend 
largely for their enormous Incomes upon the 
patronuge the isolated ruraiist bestows upon 
1 them those whose distance from the doctor 
renders it desirable they should “have some¬ 
thing in the houso in case of sickness;” hence 
1 the nostrum that will cure the most of the ills 
flesh is heir to, or that it. is asserted will. Is se¬ 
lected and purchased. There Is great need that 
Sanitary Science let its light into these dark 
places by some means, and the one suggested 
is a good one. 
The Truth Is—but the truth should not be 
told, at all times, saith the adage—that the 
Rural New-Yorker is making decided pro¬ 
gress about there days. It has commenced its 
Second Quarter of a Ceutury uuder the most 
favorable auspices, and bids fair to live and 
flourish long beyond the life of those who wit¬ 
nessed its Inception and inauguration. In fact 
this, the 26th year of ift, publication, is among 
the most prosperous of its career, as both old 
friends and new are daily evincing tbeir inter¬ 
est in the paper and Its circulation and uoeful- 
ness. If they will only continue their efforts 
in its behulf, the result will be beueficial to 
both readers and the public generally. 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
Mention Is made in a Scottish paper of th 
sale of a Clydesdale colt, “rising three years, 
of the 
at a high price—about $1,200, 
An English journal says New Zealand Is 
threatened with a plague by the alarming 
spread of ergot Id the rye grass. 
R. D. Hawley’s (Hartford. Conn..) price list 
and catalogue of seeds and agricultural imple¬ 
ments Is received. It seems very complete. 
Our Quaker friend. J. E. Wibner, has lately 
received a largo order for Wisner Rakes from 
Stettin, Prussia; also from England and France. 
The Indiana State Agricultural College is 
going to inaugurate a series of elaborate and 
careful soil and crop experiments the coming 
season. 
We acknowledge the receipt of Circular and 
Price-List of the Schenectady, N. Y., Agricul¬ 
tural Works for 1875—G. Westinghouse & Co. 
proprietors. 
The Secretary of the State Board of Agricul¬ 
ture of New Hampshire estimates the poultry 
and eggs produced in that State annually at a 
value of $2,000,000. 
Wk notice that resolutions are being adopted 
bydiffereDt industrial organizations requesting 
Congress to cease the indiscriminate extension 
of patents. This Is right aud wise. 
Michigan, .-once the organization of Its Fish 
Commission in 1873 has distributed 4.900.000 fry 
at a cost of $6,625.14, besides $2 687.91 invested in 
buildings, fixtures, etc., at the State hatchery. 
We have the Catalogues of Evergreen and 
Ornamental Tree Seed! inga from Robert Doug¬ 
las Sc SONS, Waukegan. III., who are perhaps 
the largest propagators of evergreens in the 
Northwest. 
The Plant Seed Company, 8t. Louis, Mo., 
send u» the American and German editions of 
their Catalogue of Seeds for 1875; also their 
Farmers' and Gardeners’ Almanac. These are 
creditable publications. 
Peter Henderson's (35 Cortlandt St., N. Y. 
City,) Spring Catalogue of Plants, and bis Seed 
Catalogue, are received at this office. They are 
complete and full. Illustrated with colored 
plates of plants,, flowers and vegetables, as well 
as otherwise. 
BUSINESS NOTICES, 
Ouu Patrons of Husbandry Department, with 
a synopsis of the proceedings of the New York 
Slate Grange at Syracuse, and the National 
Convention of the Sovereigns of Industry at 
Phila., is unavoidably deferred. 
“ Distribution of Ihe Grape Louse.”- fn an¬ 
other column will be found an article under 
this head, which will attract the attention of 
Yitiejardists and Entomologists. The writer 
evidently doubts that America furnished Eu¬ 
rope with Phylloxera, and thinks France may 
have seut us all the stock of them we had to 
start in business upon. The facts about the 
development of this disease at Iona Island may 
FOR NEW AND IMPROVED 
Cheese Factory and Creamery Apparatus, Fixtures, 
&c„ apply to WHITMAN & BURRELL, Little Falls, 
N. Y. Also, 1st Premium Boiler and Engines. Illus¬ 
trated Catalogue free. 
Any out- tlcsiriug u recipe how to make Soap 
fort; cent a pound, will receive it gratis, by address¬ 
ing I. L. CBAGIN & CO., Philadelphia, Pa., the 
manufacturers of the world-renowned Bobbins’ 
Electric Soap. 
Every spool of the Eureka Machine Twist Is 
warranted full size, and best qualtty. 
SHSS5 
