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106 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
FEB. IS 
ofaimt (gccttontg. 
MAPLE SUGAR MAKING. 
In the New England Homestead we find 
reported the following discussion of “ The 
best method of manufacturing Maple Sugar” 
by the Deerfield Valley Farmers’ Institute : 
D. Canedy of Heath, stated that the soil 
where the sugar maple grows, in his opinion 
makes a vast, deal difference in the qualify of 
the sap and sugar. The most important 
point to be observed in making sugar is 
cleanliness, perfect cleanliness. He set 230 
tuba, last season, to his 160 trees, and made 
1000 pounds of sugar. Bores the holes one to 
one and a half inches, and leaves all the 
chips in the hole to prevent it from drying 
up ; and would gather the sap as soon as 
possible after it runs, and boil It to sugar 
without ever letting it cool, as in this way be 
gets the whitest and best sugar. Uses the 
common pan and heats, prefering them to 
the evaporator, and uses sweet milk to 
cleanse the sirup before boiling to sugar. 
Daniel Dale claimed maple to be the best 
of sugar, and has been engaged in its manu¬ 
facture nearly all his lifetime ; lias been ex¬ 
perimenting the last two seasons on one 
instead of two snouts to a free and is satisfied 
one is the best. Sets 100 small trees, and 
uses the galvanized iron spouts, and prefers 
them to wood, as the trees will run more sap 
than where wood is used. Boils his sap us 
soon us possible after it runs, in an evapora¬ 
tor, with the patent regulator ; and calces 
the sugar into five pound cakes, and when 
they are cool turns them over to dry ; stir¬ 
ring sugar when it is cooling makes it whiter 
but destroys the grain, or crystals. Iron 
spouts cost $3.60 per hundred and should lie 
driven in carefully and perfectly tight. 
E. Field said he used tin buckets and pre¬ 
fers them to wood as they can be more 
easily kept clean. 
E. M. Smith of Buckland thinks lie can get 
more sap from a tree by tapping just, above 
where a large root prongs oil, and puts in 
two spouts some distance, apart. Agreed 
with the other speakers that, the sooner sap 
is boiled after it runs the better, and never 
saw any cleansed or strained so clean that 
there would be no sediment at the bottom of 
the pan. 
He cleanses his sirup Avith eggs at the rate 
of two eggs to forty or fifty pounds of sugar. 
The best, ard largest quantity of sugar, in 
his opinion, is made from trees growing on an 
eastern slope. Thorough cleanliness is indis¬ 
pensable, and the pan, or evaporator can 
best be cleaned with a piece of coarse sand¬ 
paper. Would bore the trees inch and a 
half deep, and put two spouts to a tree, but 
Mr. Gale said this is too deep and would use 
only one spout, except in large trees, and 
would tap these on opposite sides. 
D. Cauedy said he did not like to let flic 
sirup cool and settle, for the oftener it cools 
the darker it will be. Has an orchard on a 
western slope that makes fen pounds of 
sugar to a barrel of sap ; and the best sugar 
is from the first run for the last of the season ; 
it is from sap just from the ground, and is 
darker colored. Finds it fakes from one 
half to three-fourths of a cord of wood to 
boil down 100 pounds of sugar. 
D. Gale gets an average of four pounds of 
sugar to a tree, and finds it takes nearly as 
much wood to boil a pan that is six feet long 
as one that is twelve. 11 is greatest troublo 
is from a dark sediment that burns on to the 
bottom of the pan, forming a hard coating 
that colors the sugar and needs to be scoured 
off often with sandpaper. 
S. Ward said he found it necessary t o have 
a good draft to his chimney to keep up a 
good fire, so as to boil rapidly, for he agreed 
with the others that, to make good sugar it 
must be boiled a? soon ns possible after it 
has ruu from the tree, and sugar it before it 
ever cools. Trees that are thrifty, and the 
wood is white to the heart of the tree, will 
make the whitest sugar. Cleanliness is 
necessary, in every particular, but he does 
not believe in putting in either milk or eggs 
to cleanse the sirup as lie had always had 
poor success when he used it. When the 
sirup is impure why add another impurity to 
cleanse it ‘i 
L. Richmond agreed with the other speak¬ 
ers that cleanliness is the principal thing 
necessary to make good sugar, the same as 
to make good butter. 
J. Johnson spoke of the manner of cleans¬ 
ing cane sugar by using beef blood, and 
filtering it through bone black, or charred 
ones, and of the older way of doing it with 
clay, suggested that the sediment, that 
nearly all complained of, that bums on the 
bottom of the pan and colors the sugar dark. 
is lime, or some other mineral, held in the 
solution of the sap that only chemical 
analysis can determine. 
D. Gale prefers trees that grow on a dry 
soil to make the whitest sugar, while E. M. 
Smith prefers those that grow on a gravelly 
soil near a clear running stream of water. 
Said he had made 750 pounds from 100 tubs. 
E. E. Cooley thinks the difference in the 
color of the sugar is owing to the color of 
the wood. Old trees with dark w T ood will 
make dark sugar, while young trees with 
clear white wood will make whiter sugar. 
Prefers to put but one spout in a tree, and 
the best of the sirup rises to the top of the 
kettle or pan while boiling. 
--♦ -*-*-;- 
POSTING THE LOOKS. 
The members of this Club are anxiously 
inquiring what they shall “go into” for 
the next year. Some propose to go into 
cows, some into hens, some into hogs and 
others into hops. My advice is, go into 
everything which you can produce or make 
well. If any among us can raise good crops 
of wheat, let. them continue to do so ; if any 
can make good butter or cheese let them 
stick to their business. Don’t go fooling 
around, going iuto one thing and giving up 
another, but make a business of everything 
which we undertake. Raise a variety of 
crops and the greater variety we can raise 
successfully, the better. I have just been 
posting my books and to illustrate my point 
more fully I will give you the following ; 
items of farm sales for the past year : 
flutter... .... . $114 50 
Ivies aniJ Chic kens. r>a 
Potatoes.... 75 00 
Fruit and fruit trees. 50 no 
Maple sugar a ad sirup. .. :«5 40 
Pigs nod pork. 126 45 
Wood and timber. 38 00 
Honey. 12 80 
Sheep and wool... 83 38 
Hubbard squashes. 47 0;} 
Flour. 44 no 
Onions . 17 50 
Other garden vegetables., . 33 00 
Labor performed for neighbors. 40 CO 
Sundries. 29 35 
Total income..$820 50 I 
The above are the actual sales exclusive 
of a full supply of all the articles named for 
family use, which is no small item of gain 
over .the man who raises one or two main 
crops and has all the rest to buy for his own 
use. Why, many of my sales were to neigh¬ 
boring farmers for their family use! The 
sales of fruit trees were from a small nursery 
plat which I planted and grafted iu order to ^ 
have them always ready to till any vacancies 
which may occur in my orchard or garden. 
The fact that we live in a timbered country 
may be considered a disadvantage to us in 
some respects, preventing us from opening 
up large farms at once: but in others we arc 
the gainers, the yearly supply of nice maple 
sugar and sirup for home use as well as for 
sale being not among the least. To the 
dweller on the prairies, these cold winter 
days with the thermometer down among 
the thirties, the advantage of having a 
liberal supply of the best dry wood and that 
without money and without price, except 
the cutting, would not be considered small. 
My surplus wheat, was ground into Hour and 
sold, while the bran and shorts, corn and 
roots &c., were fed on the farm. 
Other advantages In a variety of products 
are that you always have something to sell, 
are seldom without money in your pocket 
and very seldom “hard up.” J do not ex¬ 
hibit these figures to show large sales or 
profits but to show some of th® advantages 
in raising a variety of products. Yet the 
sales and profits were satisfactory for a 
small farmer and I have no reason to com¬ 
plain of “ hai‘d times.” 
“ In the morning sow thy seed. 
And In the evening withhold not thine hand; 
For thou knowest not whether shall prosper 
either this or that, 
Or whether they both shall he alike good.” 
The forego’ ng are from remarks before the 
Freedom Wis. Farmers’ Club by 
Jan. 1875. John Rusticus. 
--♦♦♦-- 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
“ What ix a Ton of Manure. Worth f '— 
This is what a correspondent of the Rural 
New-Yorker asks. ITo might with equal 
discretion and discrimination have asked, 
“ What is a yard of cloth worth t” If we 
were to ask him the latter question, ho would 
probably tell us that it depended altogether 
upon the kind and quality of the cloth, upon 
the use to which it was to be put, and upon 
the supply and demand of the articles into 
which it is to bo made. That is our answer 
relative to his question. 
It Good Farm Economy to secure a 
supply of fire wood, or fuel, at this season, 
and the farmer who neglects it ought to be I 
arraigned by a J. P. or his better half. 
Httsshtulrg. 
NATIONAL WOOL GROWERS’ ASS’N. 
PROTEST A0AITST THE RATIFICATION OF THE RECIPROCI¬ 
TY TREATY WITH CANADA. 
The National Wool Growers’ Association, 
through Its Executive Committee, protests 
against the ratification of any Treaty, be¬ 
tween our country and the Dominion of 
Canada, which shall in any way abridge the 
powers of Congress to regulate and alter our 
Tariff Haws as may from time to time appear 
to be conductive to our National interests. 
The Treaty now before the Senate of the 
United Btatea, by its terms binds the country 
for twenty-one years, and three years after 
that period has expired, which is provided 
for notice—making in all twenty-four years 
—in bonds that cannot be broken, except by 
war between the parties. 
No Treaty can be drawn, even by the 
wisest statesman that ever lived, that would 
be safe for such a growing, changing and 
progressive nation as ours, to accept as un¬ 
changeable for twenty-four years. There is 
no safety in thus binding the men, who, 
coming after us, will be charged with the 
governing, and supplying the means of 
defraying the expenses of so great, a nation 
in peace, and in the wars, that all nations 
are sometimes forced to maintain. 
But. of this Treaty it cannot be sr.id that it 
is wise in its provisions for even the present 
time. Its ratification and enforcement 
would be greatly injurious to many branches 
of our National Industries, and it. would 
certainly materially lessen our production of 
Wool. 
Canada wool, is, by the terms of the 
Treaty, to be admitted to our country free 
of all duty. Wool grown all over the world 
would, under such a treaty, be smuggled 
through Canada in immense quantities. The 
wools produced in England and Ireland, are 
so like those produced in Canada, that even 
an expert could not detect them. 
The Treaty provides that woolen rags 
shall come to us, free of duty, thus furnish¬ 
ing unlimited material for shoddy goods. 
Satinets of wool and cotton, and tweeds of 
wool solely, are free. 
Tweeds, by Canada custom, embrace under 
one general name, fancy cassimeres and a 
variety of styles of woolen goods. Under 
this general term, English cassimercs would 
bo smuggled in boundless quantities. Felt- 
iugtO cover boilers is also free. Under these 
various divisions of material, and, manu¬ 
factured woolen goods, not Only the growing 
of wool, but the manufacturing, would so 
suffer as to virtually destroy both, as great, 
bran dies of National Industry. 
The effect, of the Treaty would be to 
establish Free Trade In wool and woolen 
goods, not only between the Dominion of 
Canada, but. between England and the 
United States. 
Using round numbers, the General Govern¬ 
ment does now collect every year about 
(#300,000,IKK),) three hundred millions of 
dollars—one-third from internal taxes, and 
two-thirds from tariff duties. This immense 
sum of money lias to bo raised from our 
industry, and the people of Canada now 
contribute about fix millions of dollars iu 
gold, paid for duties. Tlio Treaty would 
surrender this sum, and add it. to our over¬ 
weighted industry, and make Canada the 
thoroughfare for smuggling for all of the 
world. Every branch of industry in Canada 
would be Humiliated at our expense. The 
lower price of labor in Canada, due to the 
fact that labor there is not taxed as it is 
here, to pay a great national debt, would 
give that country such advantages in pro¬ 
ducing anil manufacturing, that it could 
undersell m in onr own markets. 
To quote from the late address of Mr. 
Speaker Blaine to his constituents. The 
treaty admits “to free registry by us, of 
Canadian vessels aud the full enjoyment of 
our coasting and lake trade. Thus the ship 
building and commercial interests of the 
United States, reviving so prosperously of 
late, and just recovering from the terrible 
blows by British built cruisers during the 
war, are again to bo struck down by giving 
advantages hitherto undreamed of, to the 
ships of the very power that inflicted the 
previous injury.” 
By the words of the Treaty, vessels of 
all kinds built in Canada may be registered 
in the United States as United States vessels. 
Under this clause, all the Iron that may be 
required for a first-class sea going steamer 
mav be sent from any country to Canada, 
and there merely put together, so as to be 
Canada built, and then, by a stroke of the 
pen of the proper officer, become a United 
States ship. 
How all of these provisions of the Treaty 
will inure to the benefit of the Dominion, 
I is set forth in a letter of a distinguished 
member of the Parliament of that country, 
the Honorable Malcolm Cameron, to the 
Toronto Globe. “The best and greatest 
commercial blessing that. Heaven could send. 
It means $5 on a cow, $25 on a horse, $2 on a 
hog, 25 cents on a turkey, 12 cents on a chick¬ 
en, $2 on a ton of hay, 15 cents on barley 
and 25 cents on wheat. It, means the open¬ 
ing of the largest and best, shipbuilding busi¬ 
ness that Canada ever saw,and the resurrec¬ 
tion of old Quebec. It means building 
schooners and barges at every port on 
Lakes Erie and Ontario, and good wages for 
ships and sailors ; the highest price paid for 
everything the (Dominion) farmers sell, 
ami the lowest price for ail of the goods 
he buys I” 
This is the estimate of the value to his 
country, of this Treaty, of one of the ablest 
of the Statesmen of the Dominion. 
What does the Dominion give us for all 
these bcnlits ? Many things that we do not 
want. Among them a promise to so improve 
the navigation of the St. Law rence River, as 
to divert trade from our canals and rail¬ 
roads, and lessen by so much the export 
trade from our own cities, on the shores of 
the Atlantic Ocean. 
The mutual right to fish in the waters of 
the sea on the coasts of the respective 
parties, is already secured in the same words 
by the Treaty, made at Washington, May 
Kl.li, 1871, aud the supposed advantages given 
us in that treaty, and which wo were to pay 
for, asmight be determined by a joint com¬ 
mission of the two nations, such payment 
by this proposed Reciprocity Treaty is 
relinquished. Thus we are released from tho 
payment of the claim that the British 
Govern inert lias already made, under said 
Treaty of Washington, of u sum of almost 
exactly the same amount that Was awaided 
us for our injuries suffered from British 
vessels, carrying the Rebel Flag during the 
Rebellion. If as a matter of fact, the 
advantage to us, as a nursery of seamen, of 
fishing along the British American coasts, 
are equal in value to fifteen millions of 
of dollars, then certainly tlio whole of our 
Nation, and not a part of its local industry, 
should make that payment, and we object to 
having our rights, and tho general well-being 
of the whole nation, thus burteied away. 
We cannot racrifice our own groat Intereits 
to secure the very limited markets if the 
Dominion for the few unimportant, articles 
that we export to them, which would be 
really productions of our own country, nor 
for the unimportant ends Of having canals 
made in Canada, and the exemption from 
payment for the right to fish in Canada 
seas. 
And finally we insist, with full confidence 
in the truth of our position that every real 
gain that is enumerated as secured to us by 
the proposed Treaty, is either now ours 
by Treaty, or is freely granted, as the result 
of policy by the Canadian authorities, and 
that there is no necessity of a Treaty to 
cause the Caiiadiuns, to allow our vessels, la 
time of peace, to puss from lake to lake, 
through their canals, upon the payment of 
tolls, for without tho toils from our vessels 
such canals would be of little value, and 
that ordinary legislation iBentirely adequate 
to determine, and from time to time change 
any special relations with t he people of l he 
Dominion, that grow out of tlio fact of the 
two countries being so intimately connected, 
by reason of their joining each other, by a 
long line of boundary. 
The industries of our country are so in¬ 
timately connected, that r_o one great, lead¬ 
ing branch cun be struck down, without se¬ 
rious loss to all others. We therefore call 
upon men engaged in making lumber; the 
men engaged in making salt; the men 
engaged in building skips and navigating 
them ; the men engaged in farming ; the 
men engaged in manufacturing ; in short, 
we call upon all men Avhohelp pay our heavy 
taxes, and avIio are suffering from our 
vicious financial policy, and who intend 
to insist upon sustaining the national honor, 
by the payment of our debts—upon all who 
are opposed to opening a Avidc door for the 
free entrance of smugglers, and binding our¬ 
selves and our children in bonds, that can 
not be loosed for a period of twenty four 
years, except by war or tlio consent of our 
commercial rival ; to join us in making 
earnest protest, before it is too late, ffgaiust 
ratifications of this measure most injurious 
to the vital interests of our whole country. 
Henry S. Randall. 
Prest, National Wool Growers’ Association. 
