one of our readers requests in this respect, 
nearly every department would have to be en¬ 
larged, which could only be done by adding to 
the size and cost oftho paper. We aim to be 
impartial and deal as Justly as we can with 
every interest, but we buvo received no note 
from anyone concerning any department that 
did not ask for its enlargement, and it is plain 
aU such requests cannot be complied with. 
Association of America is making preparations 
to illustrate its status here at the coming Cen¬ 
tennial Exposition at Philadelphia. 
running in debt. It is too near the truth that 
the American people are a nation of bankrupts 
—bankrupt in social, political and business 
ethics, as well as in money. It has been our 
great misfortune, hitherto, that the supply r,f 
credit has equaled the demand for it: and now 
when our creditors find these securities com¬ 
paratively worthless they withdraw the inflow 
of capital upon which we have relied for expan¬ 
sion, the business ba* absorbed wliat was pre¬ 
viously advanced In Its development and can¬ 
not go on without still further credit, which . 
Hence we collapse, af* wc should, 
dollar makes himself 
“ PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
The !*ew York Life Insurance Company.— 
This sterling old company comes to the front 
again with a record of business for 1874 that 
excels the days when life insurance was easy, 
aud shows that the weight, of years upon its 
iioary head lias not impaired either its wisdom 
or vigor. An increase of three millions in ac- 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
Butter Abroad.— An English paper of dato of 
Jau. 18th, in a review of the condition of the 
butter trade, says it cannot help thinking 
Punch some t'me ago was perfectly correct 
when he mentioned “the price of butler” as 
one of the items In bis category of ** Rocks 
Ahead. '' From the article referred to, we learn 
that there is not only a deficiency In the supply 
of home-made butter, but a deficiency in all 
the foreign markets upon which Great Britain 
so largely depends for supplies. It may be, 
therefore, that the stocks on hand in this 
country will speedily find a market. 
Founder and. Conducting Editor, 
withdrawn 
and are glad that we have. 
Every man who owes a dollar makes himself 
responsible for business depression so long as 
he does not pay It. Every man who has received 
something for which he has returned nothing 
to .the man of whom tie has received it, lias 
helped to tumble over the vast rows of business 
bricks which have been supported by this vi¬ 
cious credit system. Credit has led us, a ; a 
people, into the wildest speculations; and 
while it may be asserted that without It we 
couldnot havcdeveloped this magnificent coun¬ 
try as we have, and that the wealt h Is here, per¬ 
manently Invested and to bo render' d product¬ 
ive by some one at some time, and that even 
though a few do suffer temporarily It is, in the 
aggregate, a great blessing, we assert that the 
development of our industrleaby means of such 
credits, scarcely compensates forthe demorali¬ 
zation of our people consequent upon being 
drawn within the whlripool of speculation and 
into the maws of Greed for Wealth. 
Good times will come when people acquire 
good sense-•'when they coase to expect, some¬ 
thing for nothing—when they attempt to do 
only a legitimate and honest business—when 
they buy only what they need and can pay lor, 
and pay for what they purchase when they re¬ 
ceive it—when they spend less than they earn 
and learn to spend that so as to render them¬ 
selves, families and neighbors more corn for!- 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
Ansooifiito Kditors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
EdITOA Of Til* DffAUfMlKT Bu**f ) iVlMANDBY. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Fall*, N. Y., 
F,„fr,n the IiiomaiiT o» DilUT Humakdst. 
G. A. C. BARNETT, Publisher 
Deforest P. Giimmeroon, for yearn an accept¬ 
able and esteemed contributor to the pages of 
thig journal, writes us from bl3 pleasant home 
In Berkshire, Tioga Co., >’. Y., that he Is pros¬ 
trated by illness, and adds: “Of course I shall 
be unable to send you auy contribution for 
along, long time.” Wc trust that our friend 
will soon he restored to measurable health, 
and be enabled to resume his poetical and 
prose contributions to the Rural. Meantime 
we arc confident be has the sympathy of thou¬ 
sands of our readers who are admirers of his 
writings. 
TERMS FOR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS rF.EPAV. 
Single Copy, f2.<D per Year. To ClubsFive Cop¬ 
ies, and one copy free to Agont or getter up of Club, 
for 113.40( Seven Copies, and one free.for flMOt Ten 
Copies, and one free, #21-4) — Only f2.15 per copy. J he 
above rates fto.'ludiT potstou 1 ' (which we dull be obliged 
t > prepay after Jan. 1,1875, under the new law,) to 
any part of tho United States, and the American 
postage on all copies mailed to Canada. On papers 
mailed to KurOpc, by steamer, the postage will be 85 
cents extra—or f3.50in all. Drafts, Post-Office Money 
Orders and Registered Letters may be mailed at our 
risk. Liberal Premiums to all Club Agents who 
do Dot take free copies. Specimen Numbers Sbow- 
The Nurseries of the World. —Without refer¬ 
ence to the Floral Oarden.H, but only touching 
of those that arc what may be termed Com¬ 
mercial Tree Gardens, we may perhaps say that 
the Romans were the first of original propaga¬ 
tors and disseminators. To them France and 
England arc indebted for the first Introduction 
of choice varieties Of fruits, and to the mission¬ 
aries ol tho Romish Church is largely duo the 
introduction of choice varieties everywhere. 
Franco probably has grown and distributed 
from her Commercial Nurseries more trees than 
any other nation, and to-dar she is supposed to 
have '.100,000 acres in such miseries. Germany 
has done much In the origin of varieties of the 
pear, but no estimate of the actual extont of 
her Commercial Nursery Gardens is at band. 
The United States commenced Commercial 
Nurseries about 1798, and from 1810 to 1820 had 
perhaps 200 Korea. It may now be safely esti¬ 
mated that 600,000 acres are devoted to com¬ 
mercial tree growing in the United States, and 
1 , 1 , a t the origin of the best hardy fruit trees 
belongs to her people. 
The Canadian Reciprocity Treaty Defeated 
—In our Sheep Husbandry Department will bo 
found a protest from the President of the 
National Wool Growers' Association against 
the adoption of this proposed treaty by our 
Government. This protest would have appeared 
earlier, but was overlooked. Since it was put 
in type, we are glad to see that the Senate has 
rejected tho proposed reciprocity treaty, and 
that the scheme is a bad one practically. 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside 11 th and 15th pages (Agate space). 60c- per line. 
*• I8(h page..; /« “ 
OeV o or lust page..............LUO 
.■ y per cent, extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, leaded, by count.1.25 ti 
I’.iPalneKH “ .. »•••«»...-l-iSl „ 
Reading ‘ ...“• uu 
Discount on i insertion*, Hi per ct.; K ins., 15 per■ct.; 
13 Ins., 20 per ct.; 26 Ins., 25 per ct.; 52 Ins., .13X per ct. 
jy Ne advertisement inserted for less than $3, 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
If you like the Rural speak a good word for 
It to your friends. 
In the south of France the cultivation of In¬ 
dian corn for fodder b rapidly extending. 
How many of your neighbors who ought to 
take the Rural aro non-subscribers? 
There Is iio change noticed in lit® aspect of 
the foreign grain trade the past two weeks. 
Back numbers of this volume (from Jan. 2> 
will be sent when desired, but not otherwise. 
French grapevines are not allowed to be im¬ 
ported into Algeria on account of the phyllox¬ 
era. 
The Dlngeo & Conrad Co., West Grove, Pa. 
Bench ua its descriptive catalogue of new rose 
for 1875. 
Tell your friends, and especially borrower 
that the best investment they can make is t 
subscribe for the Rural. 
It. IX. Allen & Co- 180 and 101 Water street. 
X. Y. city. send n- their catalogue of gardei , 
flower and field seeds for 1875. 
The effort to stock streams in New Zealum' 
with salmon is to be renewed during the next 
season by sending eggs from Groat Britain. 
We have received from B. K. Bliss & So::, 
$4 Barclay street, X. Y. city, their ponderou . 
elaborate und beautiful Catalogue of Seed?, 
&c., for 1876. 
A grand pisoicultural school is proposed in 
France, and it In suggested that an agricultural 
establishment should be annexed to each ccoV 
d'agrknlturc. 
There 1b a lively discussion in the French 
Agricultural journals and among agriculturist 
. .1 1 • 1. ill!.. f -..tit.iAilnn • nir*A /am 
TROUBLE IN THE AMERICAN INSTI 
TUTE. 
Authors of I'm it Book** It' rn&y not bo in- 
valuable to the reader, but perhups it 1* well to 
give tho names for reference of noinc or the 
leading writers upon fruits. Wc will not go too 
far back, but give of the English language au¬ 
thors as follows: Arnold wrote In 1531; Tus- 
ser in 1570; Knight from 17W>to 18(13; Bridge- 
man in 1770. and wo suppose his son wrote in 
this country is late as 1844; Coxe wrote in 
1817; Princl in 1828; Manning and KkkkXGK 
in 1844; Fessenden in 1838; A. J. Downing in 
]8L r >; hi* brother Charles Downing has re- 
edited and enlarged the work as late as 1870; 
John J. Thomas, who first published in 1840. 
ii.vinf'll the first edition; P. Barry first 
SATURDAY, FEB. 13, 1875. 
cers of the Institute, which has not. been les¬ 
sened by the complaints which axe made by 
exhibitors in various sections of the country. 
Tho complainants charge that the officers did 
not give them the amount of space in the build¬ 
ing previously agreed upon ; that they showed 
culpable partiality in making awards, and that 
they are careless of the interests of the Insti¬ 
tute It is also charged that the officers made 
an attempt to have an amendment of their 
charter passed in the State legislature which 
should virtually give them for life the offices 
which they now hold. A Committee, composed 
of Salem’II- WALES, ex-Mayor Vance, Col. 
Conkling, .1. H. Sackett ami others has been u its in general Id 1*8). 
foimed, known as the “American Institute busman, Fuller, Strong 
R eform Committee," and has taken in hand on Grapes mainly. 
the Interests of the dissat isfied exhibitors, A -- 
memorial to the Legislature, asking for the ap- rj, est G f American Iroi 
pointmentof an investigating committee, has Americau Society of Civil 1 
been largely signed and sent to Albany. t}ie passage of a bill now 
The officers indignantly repel all the charges Representatives which pro 
made. They express surprise at the course deut slia u appoint a Conn: 
taken by Prof. Chandler, and protest their in- ;i reprc aeatatlve each from 
wooence of the injustice charged by himscli nance an( i Navy Corps, tl 
and others. The resignation of Prof. Ciiand- f our 0 ivil engineers, to se 
ikii has been unanimously accepted by the - Ul8t i tu t© andcarry out sue 
DEMAND-SUPPLY, 
Fakmehs complain of the high cost oi pro- 
ductiou and the low prices received for their 
products, which Indicates that farm labor is 
Boarcc and dear, rates of interest on capital 
high, Rnd that too many people are engaged in 
food production. On tho other hand, tho con¬ 
sumer of this food complains that it costs more 
than he can afford to pay—more proportionately 
than he gets fur liis labor if he Is a mechanic or 
manufacturer, and he demands cheaper food, 
or increased pay for his work if, indeed, he is 
so fortunate as to have auy kind of employ- | 
ment. Now, who is it that, stands between the 
producer and the consumer, and who not uu- 
frequeutly receives the maledictions (some¬ 
times not unjustly) of tooth? The middle-man. 
What does he do? Ho handles the products of 
both tho food producer and the manufacturer. 
Does lie eat ? Yes 1 and his family eats. Does 
he produce food? Nol How does ho get it? 
By charging the consumer for handling it. If 
there is more food produced thau there is a 
profitable market for now, the food producer 
ought to bo grateful that the middle-man exists 
as a consumer and non-producer. Who does 
he live oil of? The consumer. But the con¬ 
sumer of food who complains moat of the low 
price of his labor and the high coat of living, is 
also a producer (not a food producer) of articles 
which the middle-men as well as the food pro¬ 
ducers consume. If the middle-man were to 
become a manufacturer of similar articles it 
would but. Increase the supply and diminish 
the price by increasing competition. Here the 
food producer and the middle-men aretbo con¬ 
sumers; and the consumers pay tho enhanced 
price of the goods consequent on the existence 
of the middle-men. So St goes—“ round and 
asto the advisability of cultivating maize (our 
corn) as a fodder crop. 
A recent traveler in China says he saw safety 
matches going by canal to Peking, where, as 
well as at Canton, he says even' respectable 
tailor uses the sewing machine. 
Dueer's ( Henry - A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pn.i 
Garden Calendar for 1875 is at hand. Our read¬ 
ers know that Mr. Dreer is a seedsman, and 
this Calendar includes ids seed catalogue. 
Young & Elliott (who have recently re¬ 
moved from 0 John street to No. 12 Cortland 
street, N. Y. city,) send us their catalogue of 
Hyacinths, Tulips, Lillies, Crocus, acd other 
r are dependent for safety bulbs and seeds. 
machinery in which those The Canadian Dairy’men’s Association holds 
niistruction. Certainly far- its annual convention at Inpersoll, Ont., Febru- 
-v. j ><r Areot cii in arv 10 and 11. Prof. Bell of Albert University, 
ig those least interested in RJ) o{ N _ Y an(] otlmrB w jh pm- 
addresses. It is expected the convention will 
- be very largely attended, and be of unusual in- 
,‘, ■■ ti,.. Hnrni is Rereiviiwr terest and value. 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES, 
BUSINESS NOTICES 
Silk Industry in America.—We have received 
a Kansas paper containing a long article by 
Weston Flint, Esq,, who has spent some years 
in China in an official position and has thus 
been enabled to learn much of silk; tur ® 
there. He advocates the entire feasibility of 
Americans producing their own silks and urges 
a more general trial. In favorable localities, 
than hitherto. So do we; but the trouble witl. 
the advocates of silk culture fwe except Mr. 
Flint) has been that they told too large stones, 
figured out too large profits, created hopes that 
were not realized and the ffist disappointment 
ended in the abandonment of experiment*. Mr. 
Flint wisely recommends modest and intelli¬ 
gent experiments—not costly onc-s that s m 
prove, fatal to experimenters In case or failure. 
We apprehend Tew know the extent or A meri- 
oan silk industry. It has become a pretty firmly 
„„+oLHaLf>ri prowth. and we notice tbe h>nu 
PARTIES OWNING CREAMERIES 
or Cheese Factories, or contemplating building same 
shoal cl send to WHITMAN & BURRELL, Little 
Falls, N. Y., for valuable information, fixtures, ap¬ 
paratus, &c. ^ t j 
Our canvassers, in their travels through the 
United States, find that (ill the Chinese Laundries 
are using Dobbins* Electric Soap. The Chinese 
are economical, and therefore can be copied in this 
respect by ourselves. 
The very large sale of the Eureka Machine 
Twist is not u matter ot surprise, for it proves ex¬ 
actly as represented every time. 
If you want the best, purchase only the “ Phoenix 
Pure White Lead,” sold by dealers generally. 
