PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.’ 
old systoms'of tobacco and cotton culture to a 
commendable extent., and should. Scarce an 
economic and Intelligent Southern writer but 
liaa urged the advantage* to result to the people 
from thuB developing Southern products. Need 
we say that the Rural, Nrw-Yopjlku will be 
found an important Instructor for those who 
engage In these pursuits ? 
We repeat again that If our Southern friends 
do not make themselves heard (or read) through 
our columns, It Is their fault and not ours. Nor 
do we Intend to ignore them if they do not. 
4qua-Culture. "—Setr Green, the great 
propagator of the finny tribe, and his disciples, 
who convened and discussed in this city last 
week, probably instigated these sentences in 
the Tribune:—“Some of the enthusiastic mem¬ 
bers of the American Fish Culturists' Associa¬ 
tion expect that ‘Aqua-culture/ or the tilling 
of the water for its harvest of fish, will yet as¬ 
sume an Importance nearly equal to that of 
agriculture. This seems a high-flown hope, but 
certainly the stocking of streams and lakes 
with valuable flsh Is worthy the attention that 
has been given it, and much progress has been 
made in the work.” 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
Founder and Conducting Kditor. 
A WHEEL WITHIN A WHEEL 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW 8. FULLER 
Aenooiate £iditoru. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D., Cortland Village, N. Y. 
Eoitob Of in* Dbubtmint Of Sbbep Huiunir. 
X. A, WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y„ 
Lotto* or tub Dbfxbtment or Dxiby Hl'h«ihdbt. 
I he Aorth American Ayrshire Register—Pre¬ 
pared by E. Lewis and Jos. N. Sturtevant, 
South Framingham, Mass., is announced by 
them as in preparation, and Vol. 1 will be kept 
open for pedigrees until April 1. Each animal 
entered Is to be traced to importation, and a 
guarantee of accuracy 1 b to be required of the 
applicant for registration. 
G. A. V. HARNETT. Publisher 
TERMS FOR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
including postage, whigH pc push era nttr/tr, 
filngio Copy, $7.65 per Year. To Hobs :-Ktve Cop¬ 
ies, and one copy froc to Agent or getter op of Club, 
for$13.40; Seven Cuples, and one free, for $17.20; Ten 
Copies,and one free, $21 .Ob-only $2.15 per copy. The 
above rates tneluiU portagf (which w© shall bo Obliged 
t* prepay utter ,tnn. I, 1875, under the new law,) to 
nny part of the United Staten, and the Arnerlcau 
pontage on all copies mailed to Canada. On papers 
mailed to Europe, by steamer, the postage will he 86 
rent* extra -or $3.50 in alh Drafts. Pout-Office Money 
Orders and Registered betters tuay be mailed at our 
risk, i ff~ Liberal Premiums to ell Club Agents who 
do not take free copies. Specimen Numbers Show- 
Bills, Ac., sent free. 
Galaxy the other day, and saw an allusion to 
Prof. La Conte’s address before the American 
Academy of Science on the subject of the use 
of Paris green in connection with the ravages 
of t he Colorado Potato Beetle, In these words: 
“Prof. La Conte’s object In introducing this 
I subject was In part to criticise the inaction of 
the Agricultural Bureau at Washington in re¬ 
gard to the lnsecta whoso appearance In de¬ 
structive numbers has driven t.bo farmers to 
this dangerouB action’’—that is, to the use of 
Paris green. 
Supposing the above referred to rumor to be 
correct we do not vouch for It, although the 
quotation might give some color to its proba¬ 
bility-Prof. La Conte has not been altogether 
happy in bis first attempt to pull down what he 
\ may hope to have, opportunity to build up. For 
instance, witness the following quotation from 
his speech as we find it quoted in the Galaxy; 
“ The ravages of the Colorado potato beetle, 
which has been the chief cause of the use of 
Paris green in Agriculture, commenced in the 
West many years ago, and Its extension at a 
regular rate was predicted by entomologists. 
The prediction has been verified almost to a 
year. Now it was within the power of the gov¬ 
ernment, through a properly organized scien¬ 
tific bureau for the jirotectlon of agriculture, 
to have tho subject investigated by a commis¬ 
sion and recommend proper measures to be 
adopted. The use of metallic poisons would 
not he one of them, but human labor, properly 
compensated and intelligently employed, might 
have boen one of the agents employed to avert 
a national calamity6itch as has come upon us.'' 
To use an elegant phrase, "Now here is rich¬ 
ness!” It Is true the ravages of tho potato 
beetle commenced in the West muny years ago. 
RURAL BREVITIES 
D. T. Curtis A Co., Boston, Mass., send us 
their series of seed catalogues for 1875. 
The acreage of barley In the United Kingdom 
of Great Britain is put at 2,500,000 acres by an 
English authority. * 
Hovky & Co.. Boston, Mass., send us their 
Illustrated Guide and Seed Catalogue for 1875— 
elaborate and complete. 
Storks. Harrison & Co., Palnesville, Ohio 
send us their catalogues of new and rare plants 
fruit., ornamental trees, shrubs, etc. 
We have received the annual catalogue of 
Florlcultural Stock for 1875 or Long Brothers, 
Buffalo, N. Y. The arrangement of this cata¬ 
logue is exocILent. 
Charles Millar & Hon., Utica, n. Y. send 
us their Illustrated Circular and price Yist of 
articles for use In the cheese factory, creamcrv 
or private dairy, for 1875. 
CR 08 MAN Bros., Rochester, N.Y.,have Issued 
a handsome Illustrated Catalogue and Guide 
to tho Flower and Vegetable Garden for 1875 ” 
It ia neat and eompreiislve. 
A California paper asserts that the largest 
apple crop ever known In t hat Stare was that 
of (lie year just, past—" probably four times as 
many apples as can be consumed to advantage.” 
It is a good suggestion, made by a Southern 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES 
W illard'* Practical Butter Book_This is the 
title of a new and very complete and compre¬ 
hensive work by X. A. Willard, A. M„ author 
of ’‘Willard's Dairy Husbandry ” (the standard 
authority). Dairy Editor of Moore’s Rural, 
and Lecturer on the Datry Interest before va¬ 
rious Instit utions,’Associations, &c., which will 
be published at this Office, by the Rural Pub¬ 
lishing Co., during the ensuing Spring. It 
will contain full details of Farm Dairy and 
Factory Butter-Making, Including all the re¬ 
cent Improvements, both American and Eu¬ 
ropean. The work will be fully Illust rated with 
plans of dairy bouses and factories, dairy 1 uten¬ 
sils, etc., etc. The popular and able author- 
long an experienced florktmer Co. Dairyman, 
and familiar, by personal observation aud close 
investigation, with the various processes of 
butter and cheese maKingat. homo and abroad 
—has resolved to make this volume a com¬ 
plete MANUAL ON THE SUBJECT, from the 
setting of the milk for cream, to the churning, 
working and packing of the butter for market. 
The Butter Book will he published In fine style, 
profusely illustrated, and probably comprise 
from 151) to 200 pages, and be furnished at the 
low pric-e of $1. The intention is to render the 
work indispensable to all butter-makers and 
valuable to dealers and others specially inter¬ 
ested. 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside. 14th and 16tli pages (Agate space). 60c. per line, 
’’ 13th page.TO •• 
Oo**' le or lust page... 1.00 ** 
■ • .y per cent, extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, leaded, by oount.i. 2 f> •• 
I'.iftiness •* . ..t.80 •• 
Rending “ S.OO “ 
Discount on 4 insertions. 10 per et.; 8 tns., 15 per ct.; 
13 Ins., 20 per et.; 26 ins., 2A par ct.; 62 Ins., 3Skf per ct. 
iSf No advertisement Inserted fur less than $3. 
PUBLICATION OFFICE8I 
78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow’s Bookstore, Osburn 
House Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
Cl Ul/tl WJ C ill 
paper, that farmer* should have tbeir names 
painted on their front gate*. Some farmers do 
In tlj6 .North, but moro should an a matter of 
OCR Quaker Friend Wisnek of Rake notorie¬ 
ty;, called upon us with his gold medal (tbeiize 
of a small cart-wheel) obtained at. Chest ~ 
I f he gets short of rake-wheels ho has a i 
In this medal. 
^Nkw Zealand Js importing English 
to crops, whose 
In any other way 
jtfOORK’S 
tJJ37, 
-non 4jr.Aua.wxj is importing English song¬ 
birds a a a means of destroying insecis injurious 
to crops, whose ravages cannot be kept down 
I«2 , !K? Ul ®, r ,' v 7 iy ’ On®ship recently took out 
1130 living birds. 
Chas. G. Havens & Co. of V est Meriden* 
Conn-, are now manufacturing a £7 printing 
press, which I* made by practical mechanics 
and is a veiy handy thing to have in the house 
Sena to them for catalogue. 
James Fleming, G7 Nassau street, New York 
favors us with liis Annual Descriptive Cat alogue 
or choice and select Flower, Vegetable end Ag- 
rioui.urd 1 Heeds, Garden Implements, Knives, 
complete* 75 ' Jt S bhbiuess-ilke in atyle and 
Home of our correspondents may notice that 
no attention is paid to their Inquiries and re- 
^^\u lhey ., ari> rwpentfuHy fnformed that 
they will continue to notice such inaitention 
until their names and post-office address ac¬ 
company their requests aud inquiries. 
\f Tfl n £ G ?7 rr R FniE \ D V quarterly issued by 
Mr. C. 8. Murdock of Ridgeway , N. Y . man¬ 
ager of the Excelsior Club List, is a fine institu- 
SATURDAY, FEB. 
NORTHERN vs, SOUTHERN AGRI¬ 
CULTURE, 
Occasionally some of our good Southern 
friends who are subscribers to the Rural New- 
Yorker, after commending it highly and as¬ 
serting it to be almost Indispensable, intimate 
that It would be moro nearly perfect, in its 
adaptation to their wants If it contained more 
matter relating to tho specialties In Southern 
agriculture and horticulture. Such of our 
friends should know that au interchange of 
experience on any practical subject relating to 
agriculture in the South will be hospitably re¬ 
ceived and published in our columns. We shall 
he glad to reoelvo such oommunloatlone or In¬ 
quiries calculated to bring out the experiences 
of t ho practical men of the South. 
But another thing must not be overlooked: 
Outside of cotton, sugar-cane, rice and a few 
other special products, and loavlng out, the 
fruits that will grow only in the South, there is 
little differences in the principles governing 
soil culture either North orSouth and but little 
in tho practice if rightly'followed. For Instance, 
thorough and deep preparation of soils for crops 
are equally important, thero and here. It pays 
to manure the land well but, as a rule, it does 
not pay to buy costly commercial manures and 
apply to general crops—for It makes them cost 
too much. The saving and making of domestic 
fertilizers Is equally profitable North and South. 
Thorough cultivation of crops is equally im¬ 
portant. Too much land has been planted in 
cotton and too little attention has been paid, 
in the South, to the production of food crops 
aud to tho breeding of food animals. This is 
conceded in nearly every - Southern Agricultural 
paper that comes to us. It Is also true that the 
Southern Agricultural Press, (which is doing a 
noble work and should be sustained in it,) Is to 
alarge extent filled with practical articles from 
Northern Agricultural papers, showing that 
they recognize and appreciate the wants of the 
South under the new condition of things which 
exists there. 
There are some Southern papers almost en- i 
tlrely devoted to the record of Southern prac- 
tioesand experiences. Werecognizetheirloca) 
value in this respect, and have no desire to 
trench upon their chosen field. But it is true 1 
that the breeding and rearing of farm stock, ; 
including poultry; the establishment of dairies 
and the manufacture of butte: and cheese; the 
growing of grains aud tho covering of the lauds 
with the clovers and grasses; the planting of 
apple, peach and pear orchards, vine culture, 
agriculture, &c., &c., are innovating upon the 
The New Cattle Yards of the N. Y. Central 
and Hudson River Railroad, in this city, recent¬ 
ly opened for business, are quite extensive. 
These yards extend from Sixtieth to Sixty-fifth 
street, and from Eleventh Avenue to tho Hud¬ 
son River. They are paved throughout with 
Belgian block stone, are well drained, and in 
other ways adapted to promote the convenience 
of dealers and the proper care of animals. They 
are apart of the extensive “ terminal facilities' 
which the Central and Hudson River Railroad 
is furnishing. They will contain accommoda¬ 
tions for 4,000 head of cattle. Stables and f beep 
sheds will be added as soon aa possible. It is 
worthy of note, by the way, that the practice 
of Sunday trading will be discontinued at the 
new yards. 
LEAKY RG0F3 
Easily made water-tight, with Glinje’s Patent 
ROO fTNQ PAINT, which saves rcshmgllng, j. pr ac- 
A Beautiful and Elaborate Floral Work—Is 
“ Briggs & Bro.’s Quarterly Illustrated Floral 
Work,” the first Issue of which for 1875 we have 
received. It comprises 113 quarto pages, pro¬ 
fusely and elegantly Illustrated, printed on 
golden-tinted paper, with text admirably ar¬ 
ranged and very complete. This Quarterly is 
worthy the taste and enterprise of a firm whose 
business has, during the past thirty years, 
grown from small proportions to Immense 
retail and wholesale transactions, with head¬ 
quarters in Rochester, N. Y., aud Chicago, Ill. 
Industry, perseverance, tact and taste always 
win, and the great success of Briggs & Bro. is 
a notable instance of the faot, 
ALL AFPABATUS AND MATERIALS, 
For first-class Creameries or Cheese Factories, c 
be obtained of 
WHITMAN & BURRELL. LITTLE FALLS, N. 
S3?" Send for Circular, 
SEA CUCUMBER8 AND STAR FISH 
[SEE ILLUSTRATION, NEXT PAGE.] 
Most people have seen, and mauy have eaten, 
the vegetable known by the name of Cucumber, 
but very few are aware that among the numer¬ 
ous inhabitants of the eea Is a tribe of living 
creatures called Holot/t under, or 8ea Cucum¬ 
bers. The divisions and subdivisions of this 
class of marine animals are very numerous. 
The one represented in our illustration. Is the 
Great Sea One umber, the largest species known 
Every keg “ Pheenix Pure White Lead” 
warranted perfectly pure,-is white, fine, and has the 
vory best body and covering properties. 
