that feature discourages planters from further 
efforts—hence they take pains to give detailed 
instructions, which, if followed, will insure suc¬ 
cess. Send for these catalogues. 
year.” Whither do these things tend ? What’s 
up? Is anybody to blame? Or is all this 
“ stern necessity ? ” 
weaken and Incapacitate rather than strength¬ 
en and elevate. 
8. The mpre receipt of daily wages, long-cen- 
tlnued, seems to beget a fp.eling of constant 
reliance upon it, together with a desire tospend 
it which Is incompatible with a disposition to 
accumulate for future needs or profit, and a 
sudden suspension of the supply of labor brines 
such upon their more provident neighbors for 
support—and these are the men who protest 
loudest against the tyranny of capital. 
9. External remedies merely cannot reach 
this class. Legislation cannot, make them more 
than mere hewers of wood and drawers of 
water. A new motive must be implanted In 
them, new knowledge Infused and new aspira¬ 
tions awakened, which must be the work of 
social forces and not of economic laws and 
legislative enactments. It !s not the office of 
Jaw, primarily, to prevent but to protect; not 
to enforce industrial activity or compel wise 
and discreet disposal of the results of labor but 
to open to all the freest opportunities for Indi¬ 
vidual development aud rewards. 
10. So far as general education can be effectual 
In implanting the requisite impulses to higher 
and nobler achievements In life, the duty of the 
State is clear. If eduoation can do anything it 
should do it. Education and co-operation are 
the grand agencies pointed to by the progress 
of modern times for elevating and Improving 
the condition of the laboring masses. Relief to 
labor, therefore, cannot come through the sac¬ 
rifice of any ol the rights of property, however 
willingly they might be made, or hy restricting 
its liberty in any respect; but it must come 
through the assertive power of labor itself. 
They who would be truly free must free them¬ 
selves. 
What we have given above of this paper re¬ 
lates to the elementary relations of labor and 
capital and the conditions of labor. The bal¬ 
ance of the paper Is of equal interest, discuss¬ 
ing the more practical and complex phases of 
the subject; but our object has been to give 
this clear expose, in our judgment, of the ele¬ 
mentary considerations which should enterinto 
any discussion of this subject. The laborer can 
be elevated and released from what he may 
regard thraldom, only by himself and only when 
ho bus a worthy and sufficient motive to Impel 
him to make the effort. 
The Reclaimed Roy,—Or. as the pioture on 
next page is entitled, “A Boy Before and Af¬ 
ter Reclamation,''—exhibits a transformation 
scene in real life that is worthy of considera¬ 
tion and imitation by the charitable in our 
cities. It represents two scenes in the life of a 
boy taken from among the neglected and des¬ 
titute chlldreu of the East Eud of London, En¬ 
gland, t>y a mission started by Dr. BaUnakdO 
in 1867, In a hired room, with only one assist¬ 
ant, “among boys so rough and unruly that he 
was frequently laughed at., and even pelted 
with filthy missiles while endeavoring to get 
them to listen to him." But the good Doctor, 
nothing daunted, kept on and soon made the 
rough lads his friends, and the mlseiou has 
grown rapidly and wonderfully—so that now' 
there are school rooms and a mission hall, and 
other buildings, in whion the lade are taught 
shoemaking, tailoring, brushmaking, wood¬ 
chopping, gardening, and oilier trades; a de¬ 
pot for the sale of tracts and pure literature, 
and au extraordinary house called "The Edin¬ 
burgh Castle," which was formerly agin palace 
and theater, but which Dr. Barnardo trans¬ 
formed into a workmen’s club, temperance re¬ 
freshment house and mission station. Besides 
these, there is a Training Homo for Destitute 
Girls at Ilford, under the superintendence of 
Mrs. Barnardo. 
Obituary.—' The death of Wm.F. Greer, which 
occurred at hi? late residence in Painesville, 
Ohio, Feb. 10, will be lamented by the many 
who knew him a3 an ardent, friend and pro¬ 
moter of rural improvement. Mr, Greer was 
well known for his active interest in sheep 
husbandry, as a member of the American Wool 
Growers’ Association, and also of the Ohio 
State Board of Agriculture. He was highly 
esteemed by those who knew him best. 
Wf. are pained to see announced the deat h of 
D. W. IlERSTtNE of Philadelphia, well known 
among poultry fanciers for his devotion to 
poultry matters ; and to horticulturists as the 
originator of the Herstlne seedling raspberries 
that were introduced a few years since. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
Founder and Oonduotiug Editor. 
CHA8. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
Associate Editors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D., Corlland Village, N. Y., 
EdITGK OF TH* DKFAKTMltNt OF liMICItP HWIBAFDBV. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Uttle Fails, N. Y., 
EDITOB Of TH! DariKIHf* o» Daisy Hobbakdkt. 
U. A. C. BARNETT, Publisher, 
Monthly or Weekly Market Fair*.—We no- 
tico these are increasing in number t hroughout 
the country, many of them being established 
by the Patrons of Husbandry. Wherever these 
weekly or monthly markets have become estab¬ 
lished, either East or West, they have developed 
advantages to farmers, and those who deal with 
them, that have been quickly recognized. 
Especially do farmers profit by the competition 
among the buyers of farm products which such 
fairs awakens. Besides, farmers learn the value 
of their products, as too many of them fall to 
do In their isolation. 
TERMS FOR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS PREPAY. 
Single Copy, 12.05 per Year. To Clubs ;-FIvg Cop- 
166, and one copy free to Agent or getter up of Club, 
for $13.id; Seven Copies, and one free, lor >17.20; Ten 
Copies.and one free, R'l.oo-only *2.15 per copy. The 
above rates ir,cl>ulr p osta\j> t which we shall be obliged 
to propay after Jan. I. 1STS, under tbo new law.) to 
any part Of the United States, and the American 
postagronall copies mailed toOtnndu. On papers 
mailer! to Europe, by steamer, the postage will be 85 
cents extra—or $.1.51) in all. Drafts, Post-omce Money 
Orders and Registered Letters may be mailed at our 
risk. X3T Liberal Premiums to all Club Agents who 
do not tako free copies, ttpecimen Numbers Show- 
Bills, &c., sent free. 
Selling Under Fnl»c Pretense*.—The man 
who sells oleomargarine as butter Is a swindle^ 
and every dollar he gets by such means ho gets 
t>y false pretenses, and Is liable to indictment, 
we believe, therefor—at least an action for 
damages may lie sustained against him. So 
cheese, made with the aid of this substance, 
should be so labeled when it is sold. It may be 
just as palatable a cheese a* that made from 
whole milk; and yet, it is unjust to the man 
who makes cheese from whole milk that this 
hybrid substance should be passed off as whole 
milk cheese; and it is equally unjust to con¬ 
sumers, Let al) such articles, Indeed all farm 
or dairy, or orchard and (garden products, be 
sold for what they are. and on their merits, the 
buyer knowing what he Is buying; then, if lie 
prefers oleomargarine butter and cheese to the 
genuine article from cow's milk, let him buy it. 
and let manufacturers and dealers in this class 
of goods profit thereby, and thus get a well- 
founded and honest reputation for their pro¬ 
ducts. Tea should he tea. and not raspberry 
leaves; and coffee, coffee, and not chicory; 
and cheese, cheese, and not beefs’ fat. 
Arsenic in Soils.— Pertinent to our notice of 
Mr. Le Conte’s theory that Paris green applied 
to the destruction of the Colorado potato beetle 
will poison soils, It, may be mentioned that 
foreign grape growers have discovered that no 
Phylloxera Is found on volcanic soils which 
contain arsenic, and that as a result, such soils 
are sold to vineyardiats for use about their 
vines. They do not seem to fear arsenic at all, 
notwithstanding Mr. Le Conte's scientific 
warning! 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside 14th and 1th pages (Agate space).6fie. per line, 
" pub page. ...*.70 
Or s' e or lost page—. .1.00 " 
.y percent, extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, leaded, by count.J.25 u 
CffMnei* .’jjO „ 
Discount on 4 Insertions. 10 per ct.: 8 ins., 18 per ct.: 
13 ins., 2d per ct.; 26 ins., 25 per ct.; 52 ms., ,i3M per ct, 
RURAL BREVITIES, 
R. H. Shumway, Rockford, III., send us bis 
Illustrated Garden Guide for 1875. 
S. L. Goodale has been chosen President of 
the Maine Stock Breeders’ Association. 
How about filling out Rural clubs? There 
is plenty of time, not only to make additions to 
present clubs, but to form new ones. 
“Poultry Organ of Central New York” is 
the name of a new poultry paper started at 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
A. Hanoi: & Son, Red Bank, N. J., nurserymen 
and florists, send us their semi-annual trade 
list for spring of 1675. 
F. K. Phoenix, Bloomington, Ill., sends us 
bis Wholesale Price List, f>f Nursery Stock and 
his Plant Catalogue for 1375. 
Your neighbors who are so fond of borrow- 
ing and reading the Rural ought to subscribe 
for “ that same.” Ask them to do so. 
Mr. Blanchard of Churn notoriety, has just 
called upon us. He reports active business 
and plenty of money in the West, from which he 
has just returned. 
We are indebted to Hon. Marshall P. 
Wilder for a copy of his address and other 
proceedings at the annual meeting of the New 
England Historic, Genealogical Society, Boston, 
Maas. 
In some parts of Missouri meetiugs of farmers 
have been held and it has been resolved that 
cattle belonging to noD-resldents shall not be 
herded In their respective neighborhoods the 
coming season. 
Ei.lwanqer & Barry, Rochester, N. Y., send 
us a series of four Catalogue for 1875—their 
Wholesale Catalogue of Mt. Hope Nurseries ; 
Descriptive Catalogue of Plants; Descriptive 
Catalogue of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses 
and Flowering Plants; and their Descriptive 
Catalogue ol Fruits. 
N. P. Boyer of Parkesburg, Chester Co., Pa., 
a large dealer in Blooded Stock and Farm 
Seeds, offers in an advertisement in this paper 
to send free, Sample Packages of Chester 
County Mammoth Corn, Imported Belgian 
Oats, &c., to all farmers who wish to test them, 
and will inclose two stamps to pay postage. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow’s Bookstore, Osburn 
House Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
RURAL NOTES AND OUERIES 
March, the First Month of Spring,—Opened 
like a lion, with a furious storm, and of course, 
according to the adage, will go out gently, like 
alarnb. But this Borean Winter beg pardon, 
Spring, for the almanac proclaims that Spring 
hint come- may be an exception, ae ;t has been 
l or frigid weeks and months past, during w hich 
we have really bad, if not enjoyed, a season of 
hibernation. Among the many definitions c>f 
the word Spring in Webster’s Dictionary, we 
find this one which wc devoutly wish were 
truthful, timely aud withal seasonable :—“The 
season of the year when plants begin to vege¬ 
tate and rise; the vernal season, comprehend¬ 
ing the months of March. April and May, in the 
middle latitudes north of the equator. ‘The 
green leaf of the new como Spring,' ” And yet 
we firmly believe in the promised seed time and 
harvest—that, though perhaps delaved, they 
will surely be vouchsafed. Meantime, while 
awaiting a genial Spring and fruitful Summer, 
let us wisely prepare for the ensuing campaign 
by carefully perusing such books and periodi¬ 
cals as will impart useful information on prac¬ 
tical subjects. Lo»k over the list of "Rural 
and OLber Good Books " in this paper, and 
select and order such as will bo of benefit iu 
your specialty, ll a dairyman, get Willard’s 
Practical Dairy Husbandry and study it care¬ 
fully. Allen’s American Cattle, and other 
works on t he subject of cattle, and their dis¬ 
eases, are also in order—w hile Randall’s Prac¬ 
tical Shepherd, Lewis’ Poultry Book and 
Downing’s. Thomas’, Fuller’s and other 
books on Fruit. Culture should he heeded, stud¬ 
ied, during this season of comparative leisure. 
Those who purpose building will find it to their 
interestto consult works on Architecture. And 
so of other subjects and branches of business 
or culture—consult, the best authorities. 
SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1S75. 
THE ELEVATION OF THE LABORER, 
lx would afford us great pleasure to print 
entire the admirable and sensible paper on the 
relations of labor and capital read by Prof, C. C. 
Buell of Whiteside Co., III., before the Illinois 
State Farmers’ Association; but we have not 
the space. Wo may, however, summarize some 
of its propositions with profit, and yet we shall 
be unable to do the author the justioe which 
be merits for his clear-headed paper. 
1. The objective point of all human efforts, 
properly directed, is the attainment of a higher 
civilization. 
2. Assuming this, the touchstone of all argu¬ 
ment, as (veil as the test of all practical expe¬ 
dients referring to this Bubject, must be the 
adaptation of labor and capital in their rela¬ 
tions to each other to accomplish this result . 
3. Civilization .is an attribute of a people ora 
race, aud can not'be properly affirmed of an in¬ 
dividual or a class. A class of people or of a 
race may absorb the productive industry of a 
whole people and spend it upon themselves or 
control it for what it may conceive to bo the 
more benevolent and philanthropic ends; but 
this can metwi for the balance only slavery or a 
kind of subserviency which la nothing better 
than slavery. 
4. Modern civilization proclaims the equal 
rights of men in their society relations and 
seeks to make equal individual development 
aud progress by opening up io all equal oppor¬ 
tunities and equal possibilities. 
5. The problem is not bow to pull down the 
highest and best, without interfering with the 
principles of equal rights and with personal 
liberty. 
0. Capital and labor are objects of value, both 
entering into all industrial pursuits—one rep¬ 
resenting present effort or sacrifice of care and 
comfort, the other part sacrifice and abstinence. 
Both are factors In determining almost every 
question relating to social life or to civilization 
itself. As objects «f value the same rights be¬ 
long to each and they are under the oontrol of 
the same economic laws. 
7. The condition of the laborer, it is usually 
conceded, can only be improved by the increase 
of the direot rewards of the individual laborer 
in money or objects of value; but experiments 
prove that such increase without a ci rresponfl¬ 
ing effort ai improving social habits and condi¬ 
tions have not been very satisfactory—that the 
temptations to sensual enjoyment resulting 
have been overpov ering to uncultivated tastes 
and weak moral natures; tk§ effect bffing to 
The Cincinnati Industrial Exposition.—A re¬ 
cent dispatch from Cincinnati gives a free ad¬ 
vertisement to rids Exposition, and explodes a 
rumor at the same time in this patriotic wise: 
Considerable effort having been made to have 
the annual exhibition of the Cincinnati Indus¬ 
trial Exposition tor 1870 made a Centennial Ex¬ 
position for that year, tne Board have adopted 
resolutions declaring that it does not deem it 
advisable to give any encouragement in that 
direction, believing that the Philadelphia In¬ 
dustrial Exposition, commemorative of the 
centennial of the nation, should receive the 
BUSINESS NOTICES 
LEAKY ROOFS 
Easily made water-light, with Gline’s Patent 
Roofing Paint, which saves reshingling, is prac¬ 
tically fire-proof, contains no tar, is extremely cheap, 
aud indorsed by corporations, public institutions and 
leadl-g men in every State. Local Agents wanted. 
Sc ml for book circular, containing full particulars and 
thousands of testimonials. N, Y. .SLATE ROOFING 
CO.. 6 Cedar St., New York. 
The Foreign Grain Trade.—There is nothing 
of importance to note in the foreign grain 
trade, especially in Great Britain, except that 
British wneat growers are getting alarmed with 
the foreign competition in wheat, aud in con¬ 
sequence of the high comparative price of malt¬ 
ing barley are discussing the propriety of devo¬ 
ting more land to barley the coming season and 
less to wheat, leaving the wheat market open 
to the occupancy of American and other foreign 
growers. To what extent this may affect the 
aggregate wheat production of Great Britain it 
is too soon to say; but evidently English wheat 
growers are impressed with the disadvantages 
of competition with foreign grown wheat. 
The National Grange “ Bumming.” — The 
National Grange of Patrons of Husbandry has 
been having a good time "bumming” about 
Charleston and vicinity—at least that is what a 
railroad man or an honest, professional poli¬ 
tician would call it. The Grange seems to have 
been spending more time making excursions 
than about legitimate duties. Did the pay per 
diem go on, and were the expenses of members 
at the hotels paid out of the National Grange 
treasury? If Congress were to accept invita¬ 
tions to go ou excursions two-thirdj of the 
time during its session, and the members still 
draw pay, would not the Patrons of Husbandry 
wake up slightly? And then to think that the 
National Grange should indorse, however qual- 
ifiedly. To 31 Scott’s Pacific railway subsidy 
scheme—and the qualifications do not amount 
to a fraction of au excuse for such action—is 
staggering to a neophyte I How does it accord 
with tbo “objects” of the Order? It shakes 
us from center tv> circumference to mistrust 
that, t his National Grange i, being manipulated 
by politicians, railroad managers and subsidy 
schemers ! Will not some one rise and explain ? 
Added, it is asserted that the salaries of the 
various officers are “ raised somewhat from last 
CREAMERIES AND CHEESE FACTORIES 
Should send to 
WHITMAN & BURRELL, Little Falls, N. Y., 
for full Catalogue of all Dairy Goods. Some now 
things ju6t out. 
\Y r e do not puff up everything advertised in our 
columns, but when an article possesses as much 
merit as Dobbins’ Elec * hic Soap, we gladly give 
our voice in its favor, as does every one who ever 
tried it fryitor.ee. 
The Seed, Plant, and Nurserymen’s t'atu- 
logues, whose receipt we have from time to 
time acknowledged briefly, are more important 
and valuable documents, as a rule, than our 
brief notices would seem to imply. Scarce any 
one of them fails to contain practical informa¬ 
tion that will he of great sc-rvic.e to the culti¬ 
vator. Jt has come to pass tha; seedsmen, 
plants men and nurserymen have learned that 
success in the growing of what they .-end out is 
