220 
©k foultr^ £J;tt[d. 
THE POULTRY-KEEPER.-NO. 19. 
COCHIH-CHIHA OR SHANGHAI.-»«ff COCR'S CHARACTER¬ 
ISTICS. 
Body (see fig. 79) massive and compact, 
short, cubic, short-legged ; weight and size 
considerable ; head of ordinary dimensions ; 
comb single, straight, and toothed ; neck 
rather slender ; shoulders projecting ; wings 
short and raised : buck flat and horizontal; 
breastbone projecting ; thighs and legs very 
strong ; feet short and strong ; flesh of the 
breast not in proportion to the fowl’s size ; 
plumage buff, abundant, especially on the 
thighs and abdomen ; feathers of the tail 
very short; the shank of leg short and 
feathered ; flesh of a well-fed chicken of six 
or eight months very good, poor when full- 
grown, more abundant, hut not so good on 
the thighs and legs eb on the wings or breast ; 
fattens fairly well, but not selected for 
cooking ; bones heavy. 
Weight.— From 8% to 11 lbs. 
Mature .—Prom the upper part of the head 
to under the fect2J>£ to 27% inches. 
Body.— Circumference taken iu the middle 
under the wings close to the thigh joints, 
17 7-10 inches. 
Length of Body.— From the beginning of 
the neck to the ramp 11 inches. 
Breadth of Shoulder, 8% inches. 
The body of the Cochin-China is as if com 
posed of cubic parts. The shoulders are 
extremely projecting and angular, forming 
with the back and wings, which are raised to 
the level of the back, a large, flat, horizontal 
surface. The breast is high and large. The 
feathers of the sides much flattened, and 
joining in two layers, showing fully the 
prominence of the breast, The wings are 
short and nearly hidden by the long feathers, 
which, however, do not come down much 
further. The upper part of the cock is 
covered with short and flowing feathers, 
which do not conceal the form of the limbs 
they cover. This upper part presents a 
great contrast to the thighs, which are 
enveloped with long, light down, spread out 
and forming with the end of the rump an 
excessive mass of feathers, but which con¬ 
sulate the most striking characteristic of 
this variety. The shanks are slightly hiddeu 
under the thigh l eathers, and you can hardly 
see where they join to the foot. 
Head. —Length, 3>$ inches. 
Cheek#.— Bare and feathered at the back 
of the auditory organ. 
Comb.— Single, short, straight, and toothed 
with six or seven iarge teeth ; very thick, 
particularly at the base, which nearly covers 
the space between the eyes ; not very long 
behind, and extending in front of the nos¬ 
trils. 
Wattles.— Medium length and rounded. 
-Ears.—Short, 1 9-1(5 inch. 
Tufts.— Very thick, and formed of yellow 
feat hers like hair. 
Nostrils— Ordinary, longitudinal. 
Beak —Strong, rather straight, and of a 
good, fresh yellow. 
Eye. —Mild, and covered by a rather thick 
eyelid ; pupil red ; iris black. 
Shank of Leg.— Length, 4 iuohes at the 
most; circumference, 2% inches to 3% 
inches. It should be very thick and very 
short, which constitutes one of the principal 
characteristics of the variety. 
Toes. —Very strong ; those in the middle 
longer, and the outside toe shorter, than 
that of any Indigenous variety. The middle 
toe is nearly 4 inches long; the back toe is of 
ordinary size. The claws arc strong, flattened 
and long. Three rows of very soft feathers, 
but often reddish, are on the outside of the 
shank and of the little toe, and sometimes 
of the middle toe. They should be us long at 
the bottom as at the top of the shank and 
over the toes. 
Color of the Shank.— Citron yellow, pure 
in front, and behind of a more or less deep 
red, dotted with bright red, The toes are 
yellow. 
Carriage.— Heavy, quiet, and awkward. 
Crow. —Loud and penetrating. 
Plumage.— The whole plumage should be 
n bright, clear buff. The hackle on the 
shoulders and the lance-shaped feathers of a 
slightly golden hue occur in the purest 
breeds. The large and small sickles, which 
are extremely short, 4 to about 6 inches, are 
generally of a dark, iridescent violet. The 
eyebrows at the base of the comb are garn¬ 
ished with fine feathers, thin and bristling, 
more like hair than feathers. The hackle is 
loose and short. The feathers of the wings 
are flattened, showing the angular shape of 
the limbs, and consequently the expansion of 
the feathers of the thighs and abdomen, 
which are not so abundant in any other 
variety. The Buff should not have the 
least trace of white in the plumage, and 
black, or rather violet, should only appear 
on the tail. The Buff cocks have often 
feathers tipped with black beneath, especial¬ 
ly between the shoulders under the hackle ; 
g\\n$ Husbandry 
“ WHAT I KNO W OF LONG WOOLS.” 
It is quite right to publish such silly arti¬ 
cles as the one under this heading at page 
and treated in a natural, sensible way, any 
healthy, well-bred flock will remunerate in 
wool annually, in mutton when sold, and by 
causing better crops from the effects of dung 
and urine. A WDrkixg Farmer. 
Figure 79. 
those which are least thus marked are pre¬ 
ferable. 
-♦♦♦■- 
ABOUT GEESE. 
Having seen in the Rural New-Yorker 
of March tt, an article asking for information 
with regard to the management of geese, I 
was reminded of a flock that were very 
troublesome and destructive in our apple 
orchard last autumn. My neighbor raises 
a large number of geese every year, and 
fattens them for the New York market; 
finer geese I have never seen—and I fancied 
that his experience would be worth having— 
that I might send it to you for the benefit of 
your lady correspondent. 1 therefore ob¬ 
tained from him all the requisite information, 
which I will give you. 
His method seems to be a very simple one 
and is probably the same as practiced by 
many others. During the wintei months, 
and when there is no grass to feed upon, 
corn is given regularly twice a day ; boiled 
mashed potatoes and other soft food is good 
for them provided it oontains no salt. 1 he 
geese should always be supplied with coal 
ashes, or siftings from the coal; it answers a 
good purpose when gravel cannot be pro¬ 
cured ; it also furnishes the material to form 
the egg shell. 
When ;.he goose has laid 5 or 6 eggs they 
should be taken at once and placed under a 
hen to hatch, it will not do to wait for more 
eggs, as the first laid will become stale- 
fresh eggs always do the best. If the goose 
is inclined to set after laying fl or 8 eggs put 
them under her and let her alone. 
Before placing the eggs under a goose or a 
hen, it would be well to put them in warm 
water for a few moments ; be careful that 
the water is not hot . The goose must have 
free access to the water at all times ; her 
wet feathers will not injure the vitality of 
the eggs. 
If Miss Hayward adhere* to the above 
directions, I think it will improve the con¬ 
dition of the young geese referred to, and 
reward her for the trouble. 
Oakburn, N. Y. R- M. Ludlow. 
- - - 
Fouds with Roup.— In answer to H. D. 
W.’s (of East Lexington, Mass.) request I 
would say that I have fowls troubled the 
same, i. e., swelling of the head so much as to 
shut their eyes so I had to feed them by 
cramming ; running at the eyes and a very 
offensive smell. I wrote to a gentleman of 
Corry, Pa., and this is the remedy he gave in 
reply “ From the description you gave, 
your fowls have got the roup ; if not, it will 
soon run into that disease. The remedy I 
give will cui’e if not seated. Get of your 
druggist 1 oz. of Labarcquesolution, dilute it 
ouelialf with water; take a l'eather and 
wash the eyelids, nostrils and throat twice a 
day for two or three days and feed on 
ground food, mixed warm and seasoned 
with red pepper.” Let us hear more on this 
subject.—C. H. Booth, Conneautville, Pa. 
178 in the number dated March 13, because ] 
it may have discouraged many who read the 
Live Stock Journal, and this copy in the 
Rural will explain the matter at once by 
drawing forth the truth, which is, that 
“ Pennsylvania ” literally knows nothing 
about sheep. Any man ought to be ashamed 
to expose his ignorance anil folly in 6uch a 
way. He says they were beautiful animals 
and “all of them gave me great satisfac¬ 
tion but immediately after the disposition 
of this owner of sheep is glaringly manifest¬ 
ed, for he grudged the |auimals what they 
eat—“ a few of them seemed capable of eat¬ 
ing the produce of a whole farm "just to 
see them eat. !” he says. There, in those 
two sentences is exhibited the secret of the 
deaths, the losses and the total failure. 
Doubtless, if facts were thoroughly investi¬ 
gated, “ Pennsylvania” is a fit subject for 
prosecution by the Society for Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals. It must be so, for in 
Canada the long wool sheep pay well, and 
everybody knows the advantages of climate 
in Pennsylvania. The characteristic of hav¬ 
ing such good appetites would be a recom¬ 
mendation to any' “live and let live” spirit ; 
and any English tenant farmer would watch 
his sheep with the greatest pleasure, instead 
of being horrified os this Pennsylvania was. 
Let him and liis neighbors who starved 
“several car loads” read the accounts of 
feediug sheep in the appendix to Mr. Ran¬ 
dall’s “ Practical Shepherd,” and they will 
understand that the art of profitable sheep 
husbandry is in turniag the produce of the 
farm into meat and wool, and that the more 
eaten when in proper proportion and of the 
right kind of food the greater the profit. 
How do these men think English yearly 
tenants can keep hundreds of these sheep 
and yet “see them eat” with complacency 
and be able to pay more in rent and taxes 
than these Peunsylvunians make altogether 
off their land, and how can Canadians pay 
20 per cent, and compete with the TJ. S ? 
Why not give an honest account of the 
treatment of those sheep during the two 
years so much time was spent with the flock 
—particulars of food given and where kept 
in the winter, and then readers would be 
able to tell the cause of beautiful animals 
which gave such satisfaction when pur¬ 
chased falling away and dying. “ We could 
sell none of them,” and “ they would die.” 
There can be little said mors expressive than 
this. Yet when first purchased “just to see 
them eat 1” Mutton from long wools is al¬ 
ways salable ; therefore, after " Pennsylva¬ 
nia” had kept them and regulated their eat¬ 
ing there could have been no mutton and no 
wool, probably nothing left but bare frames. 
I have had sheep of almost all the varieties 
at various times for forty years, and never 
say any breed but could be made to pay ; the 
very worst of all grades when in sufficient 
numbers would pay In consequence of the 
good effect to the land ; and when well fed 
[In this Department we purpose giving matter of 
interest pertaining tothe Patrons or Husbandry 
and Sovereigns or Industry - Orders 90 nearly 
akin In principles and objects as to render such a 
blending appropriate. We hope to devote more space, 
and give a greater variety. In tbe future.] 
SOVEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY. 
The State Grand Council in Convention. 
The First Annual Convention of the New 
York State Council of the Sovereigns of 
Industry wa 3 held at Elmira, opening on the 
morning of the 17th ult. and continuing its 
seesions two days and evenings. As we re¬ 
marked last week, most of the Subordinate 
Councils of the State were represented, the 
sessions well attended, and the proceedings 
generally harmonious—indicating the pros¬ 
perity of the Order, ami an ardent desire for 
the extension of its principles and benefits. 
After speaking of the recent origin of the 
Order snd its rapid growth—citing Hope 
Council No. fl of Elmira which has a member¬ 
ship (initiated and elect) of one over hun¬ 
dred, though organized only about ten 
months ago—the Elmira Advertiser of the 
18th says ‘ The State Council began its 
sessions yesterday morning at the hall of the 
G. A. R., on Lake street. Most of the subor¬ 
dinate councils of the State were represented 
—including those in Albany, Elmira, New 
York, Brooklyn, Greenpoint, Waverly, 
Horscheads, Yonkers, Greenbush, and Green- 
burg. Among those present is the Hon. D. 
D. T. Moore, well-known throughout the 
State, and one high in the councils of the 
Patrons of Husbandry. Three sessions were 
! held yesterday, and the Council will not 
I probably adjourn until this evening. The 
sessions thus far have been exceedingly well 
attended anil the discussions and proceed¬ 
ings, though secret, are said to have been 
interesting, and promotive of the good of the 
Order. The following officers for the ensuing 
year were elected, and it- will be seen that 
this part of the State is well represented : 
President, H- U. MaTTESON of Council No. 1, 
N. Y. city; Vice-Pres., A. M. Wlerbtman of 
Council No. 8, llorsebends ; Sec., P. L. Sanford 
ol Hope Council No. 5. Elrairu; Treas., Wm. N. 
! Heed of Council No. 9, Brooklyn ; Lecturer, 
James Blggerstaff of Council No. 0, Yonkers ; 
Steward, Wuo. W. Cornwell of Capital City 
Council No. 10, Albany; Ass't Stewird, Mrs. 
Emma J. Greene of Hope Council No. 5, El¬ 
mira; Inside Guard, Charles Bond of Council 
No. 18, Greenbush; Outside Guard. James S. 
LaGrango of Council No. 7, Vestal, Broome Co.; 
Ex. Com., H. it. Matteson of New York, P. L. 
Sanford of Elmira, C. Curtice of Yonkers, A. J. 
Carey of Waverly. Joseph Aston of Greenpoint. 
As our readers are aware, the Order of the 
Sovereigns of Industry is similar in charac¬ 
ter and objects to that of the Patrons of 
Husbandry, and the two work in harmony. 
The Sovereigns of Industry admit men and 
women of all industrial occupations, and ex¬ 
clude only lawyers and professional politi¬ 
cians. Tbe Order is said to be increasing 
rapidly in this nud other States, and natur¬ 
ally enhancing the substantial interests of 
the industrial classes.” 
At the close of the final business session of 
the State Council (on the evening of the 
lStb), Hope Council No. 5 of Elmira gave a 
splendid entertainment to delegates from a 
distance and members of the Order from 
Waverly, Uorseiieads, &c., which was largely 
attended, the spacious hall being filled to 
overflowing- “ Al ter meeting and greeting,” 
as the Advertiser truly says, “the first order 
on the programme was supper. It deserved 
to come first, for it was oneof those generous 
and profuse banquets, the memory of which 
stays by one for a long time. The quantity 
was large and the variety something extra¬ 
ordinary', and although the large number 
were satisfied, yet when all were done, there 
seemed to be more than enough left to feed 
a party as big again. Then followed speeches 
by members of the State Council, all of them 
of a congratulatory nature, showing the 
state of the order, its objects and its benefits. ’’ 
Next came an amusing recitation, a charade 
by young people, etc., after which many 
, “brave men and fair women” of Elmira 
and vicinity entertained their guests so 
i pleasantly that all seemed delighted, and 
• bade their friends good-by with regret. We 
are confident that the delegates present will 
long remember the occasion with pleasure ; 
and never forget the kindness and courtesy of 
l their hospitable and genial entertainers. 
