APRIL 40 
“PROCRESS AND INI PROVE IWE NT,' 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
BOCAL, LITEBABf AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
D. D. T. MOORE, 
Founder and Conducting Kditor. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
Aesooiate Kditor*. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D„ Cortland Village, N. Y.„ 
Editor of the Dupautmmnt of Sheep Hiehakdby. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y„ 
Emiob or tm* DrpifiiMisT or Daisy Humamdsy. 
G. A. C. HARNETT, Publisher. 
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SATURDAY, APRIL 10, 1875. 
OUR SECOND QUARTER FOR 1875. 
After thanking the host of Agents and 
others who have contributed, in various ways, 
to the success of the Rural New - Yohkf.ii 
during th> past few months—making efforts 
to augment Us circulation and increase the 
interest and usefulness of its pages—we wish 
to remind all our readers that a New Quarter 
commenced last week, April 3. 
Our next reminder is that the opening of a 
new quartet is u favorable time to either 
renew or subscribe. Indeed, as the Spring 
opens, tens of thousands of ruralists -people 
engaged in the various branches of Agricul¬ 
ture, IIarttculture, &c„,—will find such a 
paper as the Rural New YORKER a paging 
if n-ot indispensable investment, And will 
not its readers so advise their friends, thereby 
benefiting individuals and community white 
adding to the usefulness and prosperity of 
the paper ? 
Though the times have been “dull" and 
“hard" for months, that is no reason why 
the. farmer, horticulturist, dairyman or stock 
breeder should stop reading the journals and 
books which post him in regard to his busi¬ 
ness, On the contrary, it is the very time in 
which he should pay the most, attention to the 
acquisition of information pertaining to his 
occupation, ana the prospects, probable 
prices, etc,, of the staples he produces. It is 
superfluous to add that now is the best time 
to secure such aids to profitable management. 
BOUTELLE’S .“HULLESS” OATS. 
We have, during the present and past years, 
denounced the attempts made by different 
parties to palm off as something new the old 
variety of oats known variously as 41 Skinless," 
“ Hu Hess," “ Bohemian," “ Naked," &c. It haa 
appeared duilng the past 30 years under various 
names, some of which are given above and 
some ol which we have forgotten ; and, as we 
have repeatedly shown in the Rural Nkw- 
YOREER, these oats have long been known in 
Europe as well as ih this country, but never 
sufficiently highly regarded to become generally 
cultivated, Not long since we received a copy 
of a circular advertising “ Hu Hess” oats, from 
W. A. Boutelle, In which It was claimed that 
the advertiser had produced a new variety of 
“ hulless" oats. Soon after, we received a sam¬ 
ple of the grain and, on comparing It, with 
samples of hulless oats In our possession, we ! 
found nopereeptible difference except that the | 
grain was inferior to size to samples previously 
' received. Of course, we classed Mr. BOUTKLLE’8 
“ hulless” o»ts with the others and denounced 
what we believed to be another attempt to 
palm off upon farmer* as new, what was really 
an old and comparatively worthies* variety of 
grain. 
Hot long after the Rural containing this 
exposure got Into the hands of Its roaders, Mr. 
Boutelle heard from It through hla agents, 
distributed through the country. He says they 
Informed him that Ills trade was gone unless 
he could contradict our assertions in a positive 
manner. He wrote us. but finally, like a sensi¬ 
ble man, came to see us. asserting that, he could 
convince us we were mi-taken In Identifying 
his “hulless” oats with any other—that they 
were quite distinct from those which had keen 
previously grown in this country and that his 
statement that they are a cross of the wild 
California with the common English oat Isa 
true one. We were willing to be convinced if 
he could convince us. 
He brought to us not only- samples of the 
threshed grain —which we had seen before — 
| but bundles of the ripened oats as they were 
taken from the Held, unthreshed. We very 
quickly discovered that Mr. Boctrlle's oats 
were not hulless at all—that be had misnamed 
them, unfortunately for himself, and thus we 
had been misled Into Identifying them with 
the old, well-known hulless oat. We have 
asserted what. Is true — that the hulless oat 
shells badly. But these oats do not shell out 
in handllDg, because they arc not hulless. Each 
kernel of grain ha* as complete a hull or sheath 
Inclosing it as has the common white oat of 
our farms; but this hull, or sheath, differs from 
that of the common oat in that It Is Loose, in¬ 
stead of hard and close-fitting. In fact—and 
what may be deemed corroborative of Mr. 
Boutellk's statement as to the origin of these 
oats—we found several kernel* inclosed In a 
hull in every respect similar to that which in¬ 
cases the common oat. But these were excep¬ 
tional. Most of the kernels are inclosed In a 
loose—not an open sheath, which, when the 
grain is perfectly mature, prevents the kernels 
shelling out. Indeed, Mr. Boutkllb insists 
that the grain must be allowed to get perfectly 
ripe before cutting or it cannot be threshed. 
Even when ripe, he says it threshes harder 
than the common oat, aud that toe cylinder of 
a machine has to be set as for threshing wheat. 
This we judge from our examination to be 
true, for, shaking the sample of matured grain 
shown us, we were scarcely able to shake out a 
kernel. But thes6 Boutelle Oats (that Is what 
they should be called,for “Hulless" Is a mis¬ 
nomer) are different from any common oat, In 
that a thresher Witt clear them from the sheatb 
or hull as It will wheat from the chaff. ]t Is 
Just as Improper to call them hulless as it 
would be to call Mediterranean wheat “chad¬ 
less.” 
So far in justice to Mr. Boutelle and his 
oats. After they are threshed there Is nothing 
to distinguish the grain from the old Hulless 
or Skinless oat. As to their productiveness and 
value, as compared with any other oat. we 
have only the statement of Mr. Boutelle and 
others who have grown them, to establish their 
superiority as a field crop. We propose to test 
them for our own satisfaction, and If they 
prove all that they are recommended to be we 
shall say so, and vice versa. If Mr. Boutelle 
sells as “ Hulless ” oats what he showed us in 
the bundle we examined, he is not selling a 
hulless oat at all. hence is not selling an old 
variety as a new one, and therefore i* not per¬ 
petrating a swindle upon the public* in that 
respect; but he is selling an oat which the 
thresher will clean from the hull as wheat Is 
separated from its chaff by the thresher. Tt Is, 
in this respect, unlike any variety we ever be¬ 
fore saw. 
-<♦»»-- . — 
A NORTHERN VIEW OF THE SOUTH. 
During the past few months we have re¬ 
ceived several interesting letters from North¬ 
erners traveling through or sojourning In the 
South, but lack of space has precluded their 
publication. Among those marked tor Inser¬ 
tion, and put in type some weeks ago, was one 
from Mr. H. K. Miller, formerly of Western 
New York, but for many years past a commis¬ 
sion merchant at 30ft Washington St„ In this 
city. From this letter (dated at Jacksonville, 
Florida, March 3.) we give the following para¬ 
graph as showing an intelligent Northerner's 
views of what he heard and viewed while pass¬ 
ing through a portion of the South. Mr. Mil¬ 
ler writes: 
“ You will see by the above caption that vour 
friend H. K. M. is safe once more In this * Italy 
of America.' We came, as I told you we should." 
t’la Richmond, Charlotte, Atlanta and Macon, 
for the purpose of seeing the northern half of 
North Carolina, and the western part of South 
Carolina and Georgia, having been told that 
that portion of those Stales was more desirable 
for farming purposes than nearer the eoast. It 
is a very pleasant mute for the tourist, as we 
were in lull view ol the Blue Ridge Mountains 
for two days and one night. The scenery being 
delightful and grand it relieves the monotony 
of railroad travel very much. 1 took great 
pains to Inform myself in relation to the climate 
soil, products. &<■., of this portion of our country 
by leaving our palace car and stepping into 
others and conversing with the people getting 
on and off at the small stations. T found some 
of them very intelligent and communicative. 
I said to several * Why don't you people take 
the Rural New-Yorker? That will teach you 
howto farm it.’—And some of them promised 
me they would subscribe immediately for the 
dear old Rural. All this country wants Is 
Yankee enterprise and capital to develop its 
resources anil make it a rich farming country. 
The surface la undulating, or rolling, with a 
sandy loam soil, underlaid with clay, and it 
seems to me much of It la susceptible of a high 
state of cultivation. But for generation* they 
have taken every thing off and put nothing on 
to enrich It. They do not husband their fertil¬ 
izing materials here, as the thrifty northern 
farmer does, nr would do if he were here. A 
quart,er to half a bale of cotton and ten to twelve 
bushels of corn Is all they now expect per acre. 
They are raising more.of the cereals here than 
formerly, but not enough fur the good of the 
land.” 
RURAL NOTES AND OUERIES. 
The Be*l Heed*, Implements. Teams, Ac.,- 
Are important requisites at this season, and 
every farmer should aim to secure them. In 
procuring seed from which to grow a crop, a 
few cents or even shillings per bushel should 
not be regarded If you are sure of obtaining 
the very best — for the extra yield and qual¬ 
ity will generally pay many fold the extra 
expense. And the same is often true in regard 
to tools and implements—the best are the 
cheapest. Though most expensive on the 
start, they are the most economical In the long 
run. And if your teams are good, and in the 
right condition for spring work, you will be 
greatly the gainer over those who use weakly 
skeletons. Another thing:—Hired from the 
best, remembering that the difference of a few 
shilling* ordollars for the services of a sire may 
double the value of the calf, colt or other ani¬ 
mal produced. 
Theory v». Practice Among Farmers. —Prof. 
8. W. Johnson is reported to have said this 
concerning farmersFarmers are active 
theorizere. They discuss the merits or faults 
of the various systems of cropping, the breeds 
of cattle, the varieties of fertilizers, with great 
zeal, but frequently they do not take enough 
pains to ascertain whether the Ideas which 
they put at the foundation cl their practice are 
really as genuinejas they imagine. Their intel¬ 
lectual canvas is often too large for their depth 
of keel, aud as a result they are blown about 
by every wind of doctrine, and continually vary 
their practice on small provocation. They lack 
a well-grounded theoretical basis for many of 
their operations; they have an Insufficient 
stock of settled, fixed facts, or principles, to go 
upon. No merchant could gel on If his ideas 
w'ere as vague and unsteady as those of our 
farmers on many farming topics.’’ 
Truth Is sometimes exceedingly Impalatable 
but proves a wholesome dose If received In the 
right spirit. What Prof. Johnson says is true in 
its general application ; but the exceptions to Its 
truthful application now are, we are glad tc» say, 
much more numerous than ten years ago even, 
and every day wo are finding farmers becoming 
more and more exact, and careful as to their 
deductions from facts and in their generaliza¬ 
tions. The fact is they are being forced into 
this by the natural progress of science and its 
application to the Industries. 
A Bushel an l ncertnln <} uamity.— Mr. HAY¬ 
WARD is reported as 6aying, at a meeting of the 
Western New York Farmers’ Club, that “A 
bushel is a very uncertain quantity.” and that 
he thought weighing the only correct and hon¬ 
est way of selling. He Is right. The standard 
of a pound is uniform the country over; but 
the standard of a bushel, both by measure and 
weight, varies la different States with reference 
to certain products. The English practice of 
buying and selling by cwt.s. is far better than 
onr system—more Just to both buyer and seller. 
The efforts to reform our practice In this re¬ 
spect., and to secure the sale of fruit, vegeta¬ 
bles, eggs, etc., by weight, have been spasmodic 
and mainly confined to Hie resolutions of so¬ 
cieties. Now that there is an organization of 
Patrons of Husbandry, it may bo that if this 
matter is taken up by them something uniform 
in this matter may hesecured Our imer-State 
commerce la so great and intimate, that what¬ 
ever standard is fixed upon should be uniform 
and National,—although the States respective¬ 
ly, we believe, have the constitutional power to 
establish such standards of measurement as 
each may determine. Tt is unfortunate, we 
think, that this is the case. 
•-►**- 
Canal Frauds.-No matter what the object of 
the exposure of the scoundrelism of the 
“Canal Ring” in this State may be—whether 
political or otherwise—whatever will help to 
unmask rascality, secure the punishment of 
public thieves and promote the honest aud 
economical administration of public affairs, 
should have the active indorsement or the 
people of the State. Tne Erie Canal performs 
too important an office to the whole country, 
and its economical management is of too much 
dollar-and-cent interest to the taxpayers or the 
State, to warrant indifference on their part to 
the light now going on between political fac¬ 
tions in reference to the matter. Not only Is 
the prosperity of New York City and the cities 
along the line of the canal involved, but the 
people of the grain-growing West have a lively 
interest in whatever will tend to increase the 
efficiency and reduce the rates of toll on this 
public thoroughfare for their produots. Public 
sentiment should be pronounced relative to 
Gov. Tildes’s light with the Canal King, and 
-o emphatically expressed as to render impos¬ 
sible any whitewashing suppression of the facts. 
»♦«- 
Horse* vs. Other Stock In Maine.— A corres¬ 
pondent of the Maine Farmer asserts that: 
“ Horse breeding in Maine, as now practiced, Is 
making us poorer as aState $ 1 , 875,000 per year,” 
Whether with dogmatism or not, he adds“ If 
the farmers of Maine could and would exchange 
one-fourth part of their horses for the same 
number of cows and one-fourth more for ten 
times their number of sheep,—rai*e good oxen 
to take the place of horses,—in ten years the 
State would be $20,000,000 better off than it will 
be If they follow the course they are now pur¬ 
suing.” This is a sufficiently startling state¬ 
ment of figures to arrest the att ention of Maine 
farmers, it would seem. 
-- 
Germany and (he Colorado Potato Beetle.— 
Germany has gone into the business of keeping 
the Colorado beetle out of her domain with a 
thoroughness that cammanda our admiration, 
if, as is stated, she has furnished illustrated 
descriptions of the insect to all vessels plying 
between her own and American ports, itt order 
that sailors and passengers may recognize and 
destroy any specimen that may apply for pass¬ 
age to the Fatherland. Let her furnish her 
potato cultivators with the same Illustrated 
description* and full Information of the rav¬ 
ages likely to follow their Introduction, and 
there will be little trouble from this beetle In 
Germany. In this country the rapidity with 
which It has spread and the extended damage 
it ha 3 done has been largely due to ignorance. 
Don’t Go for Gold, Boy*.—Dig for it at home 3 
Don’t let the stories told about gold in the 
Black Hills make you discontented. There will 
be ten foolish, dare-devil adventurers there for 
every ounce of gold that will ever be dug, prob- 
ably. The “Mountain of Gold,” Gan. Sheri¬ 
dan says, is a mountain of yellow mica. He 
doubts the stories brought back, even by the 
United States Expedition of last summer, aa to 
the probable extent and richness of the goid 
deposits. Better dig for gold at home, Loyo! 
-- 
"fcheep Killed by Bog* in the United States.— 
According to returns made to the Department 
of Agriculture it seems that the real losses of 
sheep by dogs amounts to more than two per 
cent, of the value of sheep throughout the 
country, or $1,01)0,000 annually. In the 8tates 
where sheep are protected by law the loss Is 
reduced to loss than one-half of one per cent.; 
but In those unprotected It ranges from 2.2 to 
U per cent, of loss. 
-M4- 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
An English paper says New Jersey canned to¬ 
matoes excel anything of the sort produced in 
England. 
John S. Collins, Moorestown, N. J., sends 
us his wholesale price list of small iruit*, plants, 
&c., for 1875. 
Tub Government of South Australia is offer¬ 
ing premiums forsllk cocoons and encouraging 
sericulture there. 
D. C. McGuaw of Riverside Gardens, Bing¬ 
hamton. N. Y., sends us his catalogues of Seeds, 
Plants, &o., for the Spring of 1875. 
It should ha\e been added to our article on 
the first page concerning the Pyracantha that 
during the past two or three seasocs the foliage 
has scorched somewhat. 
There is a gentleman in Florida who wears 
silk stockings mod* by a lady who raised and 
spun the silk. Well, why not ten thousand 
Southern women do the same? 
We have received several Inquiries about corn 
planters; those interested should read our ad¬ 
vertising columns carefully this week, as we 
arc informed Gy the Publisher that these in- 
qutries are answered there. 
We learn that Prof. Townexd Glover, dis¬ 
puting of getting Government aid to publish 
nis work on Insects, is doing It himself, at his 
own expense, for distribution to scientific so¬ 
cieties and hl» personal friends, free. 
We notice that our friend Col. Hardee In 
setting forth the merits of Duval Co., Fla., 
where he lives, asserts, “If you’re good, you 
can die here and go to heaven.” We didn't 
know it was necessary to be good in order to 
die in any part of Florida. 
We learn that Jonathan Priam has succeed¬ 
ed the late M. L. Dunlap (“ Rural") as “ Farm 
and Garden” contributor to tbt- Chicago Trib¬ 
une. Mr. Priam is well qualified. 60 fxr as 
practical experience and intimate knowledge 
of the West is concerned, to do this. 
Mr. Lyman Crowell, President of the Sene¬ 
ca Co. (N. V.i Ag. Society, offers a premium of 
$25 for ( be largest area planted to forest trees 
for the purpose of fuel and timber,—and Mr. J. 
A. Rumsky of Seneca Falls, to aid and encour¬ 
age the enterprise, follows it with the offer of 
a farm bell, price $25. as a second premium. 
BUSINESS NOTICES, 
OIL YOUR HARNESS 
with the celebrated Vacuum Oil Blacking. It soft¬ 
ens and preserves the leather and turns the water. 
Give it one trial and you will use no other. Sold by 
all Dealer.*. _ _ _ _ _ 
PARTIES OWNING CREAMERIES 
or Cheese Factories, or contemplating building same 
should send to WHITMAN & BURRELL, Little 
Falls, N, Y,, for valuable information, fixtures, ap¬ 
paratus, &c. 
-*♦*- 
WE trust the time will come when every one will 
use Dobbins' Electric Soap (made by Cragin & Co., 
Philadelphia). Its sale is daily increasing, as is al¬ 
ways the case with articles of merit. Try it. 
IB you would insure good work, use only the 
“Plicenix Pure ^Ybi^e Lead.” Its whiteness 
fineness, and great body makes It the most desirable 
paint. 
Large Hillt Pans.—Those In want of the most 
complete and perfect, should correspond with the 
Orange Co. milk Pan Company., at Frauklin, 
Del. Co.. N. Y. 
