PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.' 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
BUBAL, LITKBAKV AND FAMILY NKWSPAPBB. 
D. D. T. MOORE, 
Founder and Conducting Editor. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
A Hwociato Kditor*. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL. D., Cortland Village, N, Y., 
Eoitob Of Till Dh-AUTMENT Of B»*«P H*»»AKDBY. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
Eoitob Of the Dxcaiitmsnt of t>imv Hoeeeodbt. 
G. A. C. HARNETT, Publisher. 
TERMS FOR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS PREPAY. 
Single c«pr. *2.65 per Year. To Clubs ;-Five Cop¬ 
ies, and one copy free to Agent or getter up of Club, 
forJRIO; Seven Copies, and one free, for $17.20, Ten 
Copies, and one free, EH.oO-only *2.15 per copy. The 
above rate? Include v o*f«0« (wljlolt we shall be obliged 
to prepay after Jan. 1, 1875, under the Dew law.) to 
any part of the United States, and the A inert can 
postage on all copies mailed to Canada. On papers 
mailed to Europe, by etcamnr. the postage will be 86 
cents extra -or* >.50in all. Drafts, Post-Office Money 
Orders au1 Registered Letters may be mailed at our 
risk, fir Liberal Premiums to all Club Agents who 
do not take free copies. Specimen Numbers Show- 
Bills, &c., sent free. 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
tuslde- nth and 16th pages (Agate space).60c. per line. 
*• Wlb page...76 
Outs' le or lust page...-1-®J 
..y per eont. extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, loaded, by count.1-25 
‘Justness " 1-50 
Reading 2.00 
Discount Go i insertions. 10 per ot.; 8 ins., 15 per ct.; 
13 ins., 20 per ct .; 26 Ins., 25 per ct.; 62 ins., 33X per ct. 
C®" No advertisement inserted for less than *8. 
PUBLICATION OFF1CE8: 
No, 78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow's Bookstore, Osburn 
House Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
.SATURDAY, MAY 8, 1875. 
THE WINTER WHEAT CROP. 
The Department of Agriculture, in its report 
for the month of April, given the condition of 
the Winter Wheat Crop as indicated by' its cor¬ 
respondence, from which we learn that the area 
was increased last fall 0 per cent, throughout 
the country, or in the aggregate. There was a 
very small increase In the Middle States, while 
in the Southern, from Maryland to Tennessee 
inclusive, halt a million acres were added to an 
area of three and a half million*; Ohio made 
no increase, and Indiana and Michigan hut 
little; Illinois and Missouri increased about 10 
per cent, each, while Kansas added 30 per cent. 
According to the report, the condition of the 
crop, as far as can be Judged by its appearance 
in April In the more northern latitudes, before 
the ground In Lure and free from frost, is be¬ 
low’ an ai eras? . and far below tlie status of last. 
Spring, ii til I South, generally, the prospects 
are quite flattering anil the crop secure against 
all probable contingencies, excepting rust. Jn 
California a large breadth has been seeded. 
Prompt germination and vigorous growth have 
followed the winter rains. The early-sown area 
is probably secure, but drying winds and the 
absence of the latter rains excite apprehensions 
of failure of late plantings. The States lu the 
valley of the Ohio and Missouri report an Infe¬ 
rior condition of wheat as a result of winter- 
killing. Those sections ill which drouth pre¬ 
vented early seeding and sufficient root devel¬ 
opment before Winter set in have suffered 
most. The protection afforded by snow lias 
been exceedingly valuable in all the area north 
of the 33th parallel of latitude, the injuries 
sustained resulting mainly from thawing and 
subsequent freezing in March. In the Middle 
States this protection has been more uniform 
than in the West, The more exposed Helds 
present a brown and lifeless appearance, but 
the roots urc found to bo sound, except lu 
patches covered long with ice. Everywhere the 
superiority of wheat seeded with the drill, and 
the great advantage of this mode over broad¬ 
casting, are conspicuously apparent. 
In two-thirds of the wheat-growing countries 
of Mew York, a medium condition of winter 
grain, so far as freed from the trammels of 
snow and frost, is indicated; of the remainder, 
thereare two making reports of inferiority, to 
every one showing superior condition. In New 
Jersey there Is something less than a fair 
promise; Pennsylvania, a fair condition ; Mary¬ 
land injured considerably ; Virginia below an 
average; North Carolina medium; Ohio and 
Kentucky injured by freezing. Michigan fields 
were not fully emancipated from Icy fetters, 
the ground being frozen from two to four feet, 
and as a rule deeply covered with snow; yet, wo 
far aa could be seen, a promising appearance 
was presented. Nearly half the returns from 
Indiana are unfavorable, and two-thirds of the 
remainder are only average. Drouth in seeding 
gave a poor preparation for winter. Wheat Is 
more Injured in Ohio County than L>r nine 
years previously. The appearance for winter 
grain In Illinois is considerably below an aver¬ 
age. Tho number of counties reporting this 
month iw sixty-nine. Of these, forty-sight 
grow winter wheat, though some of them only 
a small quantity; of which twenty return 
below average, nineteen average, and nine 
above. Of fifty-seven counties reporting wheat 
In Missouri, t hirty indicate average condition, 
twenty-two below and only five above. The 
drilled areas are invariably superior to those 
sown broadcast. There are forty-three county 
reports of Winter grain in Kansas, of which 
nineteen arc below average, seventeen average, 
and seven above. From California the reports 
are generally favorable, with the exception that 
more rain is noeded, and drying, northerly 
winds are to some extent injurious. 
LEARNING TO DO THING8. 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Statira tribes, made up the females, while one 
of the bulls was Duke John (a very pure speci¬ 
men of the Surmise, or Secret tribe); the other 
was Duke of Edinburgh, tracing to Place, by 
Son of Second Hubback. Both pigs and horses 
also came of famous prize - winning strains. 
One Galloway bull and one Ayrshire heifer ac¬ 
companied them. Besides these, the same ves¬ 
sel carries out for Mr. B. B. Groom of Winches¬ 
ter, Ky., 30 bead of pure Short-Horns, also of 
Bates blood. Ten or twelve are from Colonel 
Kingscote, Including Old Roguish Eyes (a pure 
Wild Eyes cow); two (one an Oxford) are from 
Messrs. Leney; six. mainly Klrklevingtons, are 
from Mr. Pavln Davies; the others are of the 
Messrs. Bell’s tribes. 
An Englishman who Should be Bottled I’p 
and Sent Horne.— In the Gardeners’ Chronicle 
“An Englishman in America," writing from 
Pueblo, Col., U. 8., March 12, says (talking of 
the Colorado Potato Beetle): 
It is a peculiarity of tho American mind that 
it possesses all confidence in itself—in its abil¬ 
ity to master the details of a profession or art 
If tho crudest outlines arc given, lienee we 
have men asking questions about some depart¬ 
ment of husbandry of which they have no 
practical knowledge, with the earnest confi¬ 
dence that they can succeed in it if their crude 
questions arc answered. Apparently there are 
very few who realize that, they must study and 
practice under the guidance of men of experi¬ 
ence in order to practice successfully what al¬ 
most every department of husbandry Involves. 
Result is, we have as many quack farmers as 
quack doctors; but the difference is, that the 
quack doctors succeed while the quack farmers 
fall—that is, the quack doctor gets the money 
which hiB deluded victims are green enough to 
pay him, while Nature pays no tribute to quack 
farmers. There Is no possible way of covering 
up mistakes or Ignorance in the case of the 
farmer, while the doctor may wheedle any 
number of dupes. Nature does not puy cash 
for ill or maltreatment; but tho quack doctor 
gets the cash out of his patients, no matter 
what his malpractice. 
This is written for the benefit of men who 
ask us questions which any farmer’s boy fifteen 
years old can answer, and who avow tb«tr in¬ 
tention to engage In the pursuit of sotuffbraiich 
Of industry which the most expcrlondcSTrarm- 
ersflnd difficult to make profitable—men who 
do not think of buying and studying books 
treating of the subjects about which they in¬ 
quire, but who apparently expect their agricul¬ 
tural paper to give them all the neoded tech¬ 
nical information necessary to enable them to 
succeed in their blundering efforts to do what 
the most ekilied perform with difficulty. We 
are always glad to give this class of informa¬ 
tion, so far as it does not intrude too much 
upon space devoted to other matters of equal 
importance, and so fur as it does not. Impose 
upon readers of experience. Bui. it should be 
remembered that “ practice makes perfect." 
“ l have grown potatoes in various parts of 
the Union, and have been bothered with the 
beetle since 1871- D is not necessary that the 
beetle should have pieces of haulm to support 
him while crossing the Atlantic ; be can eat the 
tubers, though he prefers the haulm. In win¬ 
ter, when opening my potato pits, 1 have seen 
the vermin eating greedily and moving briskly ; 
several potatoes were either wholly or partially 
destroyed, and I am sure it was beetle-work. I 
notice by the Parliamentary reports that the 
authorities are tor taking time and seeing what 
other people in Europe are going to do about 
the beetle ; but I wish to remark (and my lan¬ 
guage is plain) that if the English authorities 
don't wake up pretty mighty sudden and stop 
importation, they will soou have beetles pretty 
bad.” 
Thla u Englishman in America*' ought to be 
sent for by the British Government and detailed 
to watch the shores of that blessed Island, 
armed with a bioadsword and instructed to 
behead every beetle that his experienced eye 
may detect attempting to invade Her Majesty’s 
dominions. He Is far too useful a man to be 
allowed to bide himself away in Colorado. 
Willard’s Practical Butter Book.— Thts work, 
which we announced some weeks ago, isjuow 
in press and will be Issued from this Office 
about, the 1st of June. It is by X. A. Willard, 
M. A., author of “ Willard’s Practical Dairy 
Husbandry," “ Essays on Agriculture,”“ Amer¬ 
ican Milk Condensing Factories,’’ Dairy Editor 
of Moore's Rural New-Yorker, President 
N. Y. State Dairymen’s Association, Lecturer, 
&c„—who is ooucededly the best, authority on 
the subject. This is the oaly complete work 
ever written on Butter and Butter Making. It 
comprises all the recent improvements, with 
full details of farm dairy and creamery prac¬ 
tice, together with the latest discoveries In 
European butter making. The work is fully 
illustrated, and designed as a standard on but¬ 
ter dairying, treating comprehensively upon all 
branches of the subject. The volume Is being 
printed in One style, will be handsomely bound 
in cloth gilt, and sent post-paid to any address 
for $1 per copy—though the price ought to be 
at least fifty cents more. We have put the price 
thus low in the hope of securing a universal 
sale among the large class of farmers and others 
interested in the important specialty treated. 
Remittances will be noted in the order of their 
reception. aDd the book mailed accordingly as 
soon as issued. 
English Export of Live Stock to America.— 
The Agricultural Gazette (London, Eng.) of 
April 10 has the following paragraph :—The ex¬ 
portation of choice animals to America for 
breeding purposes has recommenced. The 
Nova Scotia sailed from Liverpool last Tues¬ 
day with 12 first-class Short-Horns, 10 first-class 
Berkshire pigs, and some young entire cart 
colts. All were selected by Messrs Simon 
Beattie and W. Miller of Ontario, Canada. The 
Short-Horns were entirely of Bates blood. Two 
Klrklevingtons, two Surmises, two Places, With 
one apiece of the Fletcher, Craggs, Bijou and 
AY S 
also intends editing a small work on landscape 
gardening.” 
Gnntf* Destroying Stock.—A dispatch from 
Memphis, Tenn., April 28, says that complaints 
arc pouring in from all surrounding counties 
of the fearful destruction of horses and mules 
by buffalo gnats. Many small planters, espe¬ 
cially colored ones, are ruined by having their 
only horses and mules killed and being unable 
to replace tbern, at a time when they are so 
sadly needed. A letter from a planter near 
Macon, Fayette County, 6ays not less than 200 
horses and mules have died during the past 
throe days within ton miles of that, place. 
A nother account says the planters of Tennessee 
have lost *100,000 worth of stock tn ten days 
from tlie ravages of the gnat.a. 
Confining Benefits to .Members.—In a report 
of the proceedings of the Michigan State Cider- 
makers’ Association it is asserted 1—“ A resolu¬ 
tion was adopted to tho effect that the benefits 
derived from the Association, in the future, 
shall ho strictly confined to its members." 
What a foolish arid rutile resolution, If ever 
one was passed like that described ! You can¬ 
not fence in benefits resulting from association, 
gentlemen. If you build your fence with such 
resolutions until It Is 20 feet high and 30 feet 
thick. The waves of influence will wash over 
and benefit somebody. 
The Drnib of David B. Barton, an old and 
long a prominent citizen of Rochester, occur¬ 
red on Monday week, at the age of 09. De¬ 
ceased was highly esteemed In all the relations 
of life, being ever active in matters designed 
to promote the best interests of community. 
Mr. Barton was for over forty years engaged 
In manufacturing edge tools, and bis name 
and wares became celebrated in both this coun¬ 
try and Europe. 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
Poor City Boy# tor the Country.— Mr. C. L. 
Brace, Sec’y of the Children’s Aid Society, 19 
East Fourth St,, New York, sends us an appeal 
to Farmers, Mechanics, and other employers in 
the Country. He writes:—“Atthis season coun¬ 
try employers find much use for the labor of 
large boys. Many such lads, between tho ages 
ot M and 18, come now, friendless and home¬ 
less, to this office and to our Boys’ Lodging 
Houses. They are boys who have had little 
training and are Of rough habits, but they will 
be of use on a farm or in a shop. To employ 
them would be a charity to the lads and an ad¬ 
vantage to the employers. All employer# of 
labor desiring to aid this benevolent work will 
please write to Mr. C. O’Conor, Snp’t of the 
Newsboys’Lodging House, No. 15 New Cham¬ 
bers St., New York, stating particulars In regard 
to the boy whom they would employ, giving 
their address, the name of the County, and the 
best means of reaching the place; also, what 
portion of the railroad fares they are willing to 
pay.” 
Ax Springfield, O., the fruit orops are reported 
entirely killed. 
On April 15 there were 1,208,679 bushels of 
wheat In store In Milwaukee. 
Schuyler Colfax is to deliver the address 
at the Vermont State Fair next fall. 
Last week's receipt# of Connecticut tobacco 
in the New York market were 786 cases. 
It iw now said tho recent frosts did not se¬ 
riously Injure the tobacco in Kentucky. 
W. P. Ayres, well known some thirty years 
ago as a leading gardener and garden writer, 
died recently In England. 
The wheat crop of Central Michigan has been 
r,o badly injured that many fields will have to 
be plowed up and replanted. 
A Grand Poultry Exhibition is to be bold 
in Chicago, between Jan. 20th ami 30th, 1876. 
Special premium* to the amount of *1,500 have 
already been secured. 
SOMKitonr suggests that everybody plant a 
tree, so that a hundred years from now his de¬ 
scendants may sit under its shade and have a 
centennial. A good Idea; plant the tree! 
The Area In Cotton In 1875.—From all we 
can learn through our correspondents and the 
tone uf the Southern press, as well as from 
Northern business men and fertilizer dealers, 
we Judge the area to be planted in cotton the 
present season will equal, if It does not exceed, 
that of last year, notwithstanding tho efforts 
made to induce planters to increase their grain 
and forage crops and give more attention to 
stock husbandry. Possibly these latter Indus¬ 
tries will not be neglected, even though the 
same area of cotton is planted, for there seems 
to he a remarkable awakening to activity, bol h 
among the white aud industrial classes in the 
South, which is exceedingly gratifying and 
hopeful. We sincerely and cordially wish our 
Southern brethren the greatest prosperity, and 
have the utmost faith that the ultimate result 
Is to be a great growth In all the material inter¬ 
ests of the South. 
The Harristown, III., herd of Short-Horn# 
owned by S. H. PEC1UERKLL, was sold recently 
at auction, the cows bringing an average of 
* 1,086 arid the bulls $2,4ttf>. The highest price 
paid was $6,100 for a bull. 
Thb Hon. Wm. S. GROeshkck has made to 
the Park Commissioners of Cincinnati the mag¬ 
nificent donation of *50,000, the sum to be In¬ 
vested, and the interest to be expended annual¬ 
ly forever for music In Burnet Woods Park. 
THJCCalifornia Horticulturist and Floral Mag¬ 
azine for April has a fine frontispiece, “engrav¬ 
ed on wood, and printed in colors hy George 
Frauen ufiRGKR, Rochester. N. Y."—which j# 
creditable to GeorgK, and the Magazine also. 
A St. Paul, Minn., telegram of April 30, says; 
“Dispatches from various points say that the 
recent cold weather has killed the younggrass- 
hoppere. The general belief is expressed that 
there will be no further trouble from this pest." 
The Old Wooster Machine W orks of Woos¬ 
ter, Ohio, we learn, are now running a full com¬ 
plement of hands on their Reapers, Threshers, 
&e. These Wurks were established in 1847, 
when agricultural implements, as we now un¬ 
derstand them, were comparatively in their 
infancy, aud have Bteadlly progressed with the 
improvements in such machinery. They are 
employing 200 men, who arc under the imme¬ 
diate supervision of the manufacturers them¬ 
selves, using the besr of material which the 
market affords and guaranteeing the result of 
their labors to be all they represent it. By 
sending for one of their catalogues, which 
they forward to any address free, an excellent 
idea can be obtained of their works aad ma¬ 
chinery. 
The National Stock Yard Company of New 
York liavp begun a suit to recover $96,000 from 
John H. COMER, Its defaulting treasurer. Co¬ 
mer’s! real estate and other property (including 
4o head of imported Holstein cattle) In Orange 
Co.,—valued at *30,000,—ha* been attached. 
Storks B arrows scuds us a postal card with 
this Information on It:—“The Trenton Agri¬ 
cultural Society will hold its Annual Fair at 
Trenton Fair Grounds," To be sure! Where 
else should it hold it? But when? and where 
are t he Trenton Fair Grounds ? This is a fair 
sample of much Information (?) we receive 
from our friends, who doubtless think us very 
careless that we do i ot print it for the public 
good 
BUSINESS NOTICES. 
OIL YOUR HARNESS 
with the celebrated Vacuum OU Blacking. It soft¬ 
ens aud preserves the leather and turns the water. 
Give it one trial and you will use no other. Sold by 
all Dealers 1 . 
An Old FrieuA af Work Again.—The Roch¬ 
ester Evening Express gives this “ first rate 
notice” of one long well-known to the rural 
public through books and journals, and whom 
we wish success in the new enterprises men¬ 
tioned :-‘F. R. Elliott, tlie distinguished 
horticultural writer, formerly of Cleveland, O., 
is in town. Mr. Elliott intends remaining 
here for some time, for the purpose ot writing a 
work on Fruits and Fruit Trees, with a view to 
bringing t he subject before tlie smaller class of 
practical cultivators. He has selected Roch¬ 
ester, as be can find here in this great nursery 
and fruit-growing section—more materials to 
work with than any other place. Mr. Elliott 
Thirty-eight years’ experience tn the manu¬ 
facture of White Lead, warrants us In saying that 
our ** Pbumix” brand Pure White Lead can¬ 
not fail to eive entire satisfaction. F.oksteln, Hills 
& Co.. Cincinnati, O. 
Large .Uilk Pans.—Those In want of the most 
complete and perfect, should correspond with the 
Oka nor Co. Milk Pan Company., at Franklin, 
Del. Co.. N. Y. 
Thirteen cents Is the cost of five gallons of soft 
soap, made from one pound of Dobbins' Electric 
Soap, (made byCrariu A Co., Philadelphia,) and the 
60tt soap will so further than a dollar’s worth of 
common soap. Try It. 
