riT - 
MOORE’S RURAL. NEW-YORKER, 
MAY IS 
through the factories and examined all the 
facts concerning oleomargarine manufac¬ 
ture, they have invariably given an account 
of the cleanliness and wholesomeness of the 
product similar to that which we have de¬ 
tailed in our description of the Hartford 
factory. 
From all we have been able to learn con¬ 
cerning oleomargarine, we have seen nothing 
as yet that would seem to prove that it is 
unclean or unwholesome ; and as a iurther 
proof of our confidence that this is bo, we 
may add that for several months past we 
have been using, freely, “oleomargarine 
cheese ” on our table, and find it not ouly 
very palatable but wholesome. 
We believe that all foods, however, should 
be sold under their proper name, and so of 
“oleomargarine cheese;” and while there 
may be nothing in the flavor or texture to 
distinguish it from other cheese, it is just and 
proper that the consumer should know what 
he is buying, and thus, it he have prejudices 
against any particular kind of food, he may 
have full liberty to avoid it. 
The recent metliod for improving skimmed 
milk by the use of oleomargarine, will be 
likely to throw a considerable quantity of 
oleomargarine cheese on the market I rom 
the creameries ; and while this new process 
of manufacture opens the the way for utiliz¬ 
ing the skimmed milk in a better manner by 
turning out a good-flavored, meaty cheese, 
we hope the distinctive title of “oleomar 
garine ” may be used in placing it upon the 
market. 
The oleomargarine cheese is said to have 
remarkable keeping qualities, and that it re¬ 
tains flavor much longer than whole-milk 
cheese. If this be so, it is another reason why 
the cheese should have a distinctive name, 
leaving potatoes uncovered too long, and 
their experience may be valuable to others. 
—W. J. F., in Country Gentleman. 
(fcomratg. 
HTJLLESS OATS ONCE MOBE. 
HOW IT CAN BE DONE, 
Seeing a number of articles in the late 
pt-RAT.s concerning the merits of the above 
so-called grain, both pro and con, I could no 
longer remain silent ; therefore, if you will 
be kind enough to grant me a small space, 
will give my testimony. Can no doubt 
throw about as much light < n the subject as 
any one. 
During the spring of 1889 an emigrant, a 
Bohemian, settled in this county (Fond du 
Lac, Wis.,) and brought from the old country 
a few handfuls of this grain and sowed it, In 
the spring of 1870 he disposed of his entile 
crop or nearly, about seven bushels, to E. H. 
Jones & Bho., Beedsmen of Fond du Lac. 
Jones & Co. immediately made arrange¬ 
ments with your subscriber to sow’ them for 
their benefit, which I did, with quite favor¬ 
able results. In 1871 myself and another 
farmer wised them for Jones & Co. In the 
spring of 1873 E. H. Jones & Bao. disposed 
of their entire crop and interest to a Milwau¬ 
kee firm. The Milwaukee company let my¬ 
self and brother-in-law the Bow ing for them 
of eighty acres. They grow finely and 
promised u heavy yield, but owing to a ter¬ 
rible tornado on July -1, which nearly de¬ 
stroyed our growing grain, the yield was 
lessened probably 35 per cent.; however, a 
portion yielded 45 bushels per acre, measured, 
weighing 50 pounds per bushel. The small¬ 
est yield, I think, was about SO bushels per 
Jield 
POTATO PLANTING. 
As planting time approaches, the question 
again recurs whether large or small, whole 
or cut potatoes should be used for seed. 
The old-fashioned practice was to drop a 
medium or large sized whole potato in each 
hill. This, however, was in times when few’ 
were grown for market, and the business 
was not managed so closely as it is at present. 
Then also it wad considered very Important 
that none but the largest potatoes should be 
used for seed. This is still urged by many, 
but I think without sufficient reason. It is 
certain that the largest potato growers now 
plant cut seed and use much smaller quanti¬ 
ties than formerly. They learned to divide 
seed by grow ing Early Rose and other high- 
priced varieties when seed was scarce, and 
finding they got large crops w’ith little seed, 
they have continued the practice. It is also 
an important saving in planting fifteen to 
twenty acres to use small potatoes rathei 
than large for seed. As good a crop of Early 
Rose as I have known in field culture—fully 
two hundred bushels per acre—was grown 
by planting two to three eyes hi a place in 
hills three feet apart. The ground was rich, 
and every eye made a vigorous growth ; the 
vines very nearly covering the ground. 
Peerless planted in the same way yielded 
three hundred bushels per acre, aud the 
vines completely covered the ground. I did 
not test the policy of planting whole pota¬ 
toes ; but the crop need not have been any 
better than it was. 
The only disadvantage in cutting seed 
potatoes is in dry seasons, where the eyes 
are cut out with very little potato attached, 
the eye may dry up instead of growing. 
The remedy for this is to press each piece 
firmly in th > ground with the foot as it is 
dropped. Then cover about four mehes 
WJ ’th loose earth and every piece will grow. 
If wet, cold weather follows planting, freshly 
cut potatoes may rot in the ground. To pre¬ 
vent this, cut the seed a week before planting 
and roll in plaster (gypsum) to keep from 
drying too much. Th plaster will adhere 
to the moist surfaces, which will harden 
slightly, aud the gypsum in contact with the 
potato will benefit the growth of the crop 
more than if used in an.v other way. 
Cut potatoer are often burned or scorched 
in the sun, if dropped too long before being 
covered. Three or four hours’ exposure in a 
cloudless May or June day is sufficient to 
destroy the crop. Probably the sun and 
wind evaporates so much moisture from the 
cut potato that not enough is left to furnish 
moisture to start the eyes. This is a matter 
of some importance where potatoes are 
planted in large quantities and covered by 
horse power. Some farmers in my neigh ■ 
borhood have lost one to three acres by 
These oats do have a husk, or shell, just 
the same as any other oat, but it is so very 
light and tender that it immediately flies off 
in threshing, if fully ripe and thoroughly 
dry. They do not shell in harvesting, as no 
kernels are in sight, being covered with a 
very heavy, long chaff ; the chaff is from one 
inch to an inch and a hull’ long, and covers 
from four to six grains. They require a first- 
rate soil. We call them the Bohemian oat. 
If Mr. Boutel.uk will trace his seed back he 
will find, without doubt, that, its first origin 
in the United Btates was in Fond du Lae, 
Wis. Concerning the price 1 will say noth¬ 
ing. The above is “all I kuow about 
Hulless.” .O- Berry. 
Fond dn Lac, Wis., May 1, 1875. 
If one man sows one bushel of wheat on 
an acre and his neighbor sows two, the one j 
that sows two has got just double the seed on 
his ground that his neighbor has. Now, if I | 
send for a pound of potatoes to plant and re¬ 
ceive one potato that weighs just one pound, 
and my neighbor sends for a pound and they 
send him three that weigh Just one pound, 
he has got just three times us much seed a3 I 
have, but only one pound of potatoes. Now, 
suppose you carry this out to its utmost ex¬ 
tent and see what you have got ! One man 
geta forty potatoes, to weigh one pound, and 
the other gets two. The one that gets the 
forty has got, at the least calculation, fifteen 
time as much seed as the other. Now, sup¬ 
pose they both cut their potatoes to one eye, 
which would be about the only fair thing to 
do—that is, if you are going to stick to “ or- 
dary farm cultivation ”—for I do not believe 
there are many farmers who cut their seed 
smaller than that. 
Now, when you look this thing squarely in 
the face, (t seems to be about as big a “sell ” 
as could be got up. Let me illustrate a little 
further; Suppose the man who has forty 
potatoes only makes ten eyes to one potato, 
just see what he has got—400 hills, and if 
they yielded two and a half pounds per eye 
he would get one thousand pounds, and with 
that amount of seed 1 would like to kuow 
where the “astonishing yield” comes in. 
Now, the other man, who gets two potatoes, 
makes, say, seventy hills by splitting the 
eyes. 1 would like to know what chance he 
has got for a premium by the side of his 
neighbor. There would be just as much 
sense in giving one man a quart of wheat to 
sow on an acre and let his neighbor hove a 
bushel. 
Now, 1 do not want to be misunderstood 
in this matter; I am not charging any seeds- 
mau with doing liiis tbing with particular 
friends, but I have merely tried to show how 
it might be done ; and 1 think, when any 
one looks at it just as it is, they will come to 
the same conclusion that 1 have, that there 
is a very large chance for deception. Hoping 
someone will “rise and explain, 1 am, re¬ 
spectfully, A- S. Nash. 
Westport, Conn. 
i rolling immediately after, will enable soil to 
withstand drouth and retain moisture to a 
great degree. Sow grass seed as nearly as 
possible in spring with some grain crop to 
| shade it, and 1 think no trouble will be 
experienced from drouth. 
ECONOMICAL N0TE8. 
FIELD NOTES. 
Turnips arid Corn Together.--1'Ira Canada 
Farmer says:—A WOStshester Co,, N. V., 
farmer is in the habit of sowing yellow 
Aberdeen turnips among iris corn at the last 
passage of the cultivator, when the plants 
are about five feet in bight. The turnips 
do not make much growth until the corn ia 
cut, after which they swell rapidly. The 
cost is nothing except for seed aud harvest¬ 
ing, and corn, being already cut, is not 
injured when the turnips are gathered in. 
From one to four hundred bushels of turnips 
per acre have been thus obtained without 
lessening the corn crop. IVeeds are not 
tolerated, and the whole strength of the 
land is devoted, as it should be, to useful crops. 
When to Plow Land After a Crop is Off. 
_“Young Farmer” is informed that our 
experience is that land that is to continue in 
cultivation cannot be plowed too soon after 
a crop is taken from it, whether in July, 
August, September or O 2 tober. July and 
August, plowing will usually secure a better 
condition of the soil the next spring than 
October or November plowing. We, of 
course, refer to tenacious soil*. 
Manure for a Lawn . —Mr. F. R. Elliott 
writes to the Gardeners’ Monthly that hi3 
practice lias been in early winter to sow fine 
bone meal, and then, say in February, use 
salt, and soon after the grass starts in spring, 
plasi er. The quantity of each depends upon 
the condition of the lawn and what has be¬ 
fore been applied ; if much manure has been 
used, more salt can be used than where little 
has been, and less plaster is needed. 
MOBE TETJTH ABOUT NEBBASKA. 
SEEDING TO TIMOTHY- 
Tobacco in Algeria— The cultivation of 
tobacco in Algeria has been carried out very 
successfully, the soil and climate of thut 
country being well suited to the growth of 
the plant. In 1674 no less than 9,700,00u 
pounds were produced and passed through 
the State warehouses. The value of this 
crop was £141,234, or nearly double that of 
1873. The experiment—though it is no 
longer merely an experiment, but a practical 
industry—has been carried on since 1847, and 
during the past twenty-seven years about 
140,000,000 pounds weight of tobacco has 
been produced and sold. 
Grasses for Permanent Meadows in En¬ 
gland.—\ recent English writer recommends 
a mixture of the following grasses and clovers 
for meadows, which list may be useful to 
Americun readers :—Meadow 1 oxtail, Bweet 
Vernal, Crested Dogstail, Rough Cocksfoot, 
Hard Fescue, Meadow Fescue, Various-leaved 
Fescue, Sheep’s Fescue, Red Fescue, Ever¬ 
green Rye-grass, Sutton’s Perennial Rye¬ 
grass, Pacey’s Perennial Rye-grass, Timothy, 
Smooth-stalked Meadow Gi’ass, Rough- 
stalked Meadow Grass, Yellow Trefoil, Peren¬ 
nial White Clover, Perennial Red Clover, 
Alsike Clover. 
Sowing Millet,—A. N. is informed that 
millet may be sown at any time from the 
first of June to the 10th of July in his latitude. 
Good wheat soil, clean prepared as for wheat 
seeding will grow a good crop. Those who 
grow it and cut it when in bloom find it a 
profitable forage for stock—especially when 
there is a short hay crop. 
Forrest Moreland of St. Lawrence Co., 
N. Y., writes to the Country Gentleman that 
he has found various causes to affect the eei- 
tainty of securing a good set of timothy, and 
adds Timothy seed is very often deficient 
in vitality from different causes ; it may not 
have become sufficiently mature before, it 
was harvested, or it may have been “ mow- 
burned..-*' Fanners are the very last class of 
men to discover this lack of vitality. No 
intelligent market gardener would think ot 
risking the chance of losing a crop of vege¬ 
tables, by sowing seed which lie had not 
thoroughly tested. Yet a farmer will sow 
seed and if it fails to grow, perhaps he 
blames the seed and perhaps the weather; 
but he knows nothing to a certainty. The 
trouble of testing all seeds in the house, 
before spring work begins, is trifling, com¬ 
pared to the loss aud vexatious delay occa¬ 
sioned by sowing seed deficient in vitality. 
The failure of timothy seed is very often 
due to an impoverished condition of the soil. 
All plants after germination are nourished 
for a short time by the seeds from which 
they germinated ; and the smaller the seed 
so much the sooner is this source of supply 
exhausted, aud the plant forced to draw on 
the soil for its nourishment. It follows then, 
that if the soil is deficient in proper nourish¬ 
ment for young plants, they will perish from 
mere starvation. In a ease like this, a liberal 
application of barn-yard manure on the sur¬ 
face of the soil before seeding, is Ihe only 
thing that will insure a good catch of any 
variety of grass seed. Another and very 
frequent cause of the uncertain seeding of 
grass I s drouth. We have what we call good 
seasons and poor seasons for seeding to grass, 
which Rirt&ns that in one season a succession 
of warm, refreshing showers after seed time, 
insures a good catch of grass with ordinary 
seed, aud on the poorest soil; or that a 
period of dry weather after seed time, 
j educes the seed-bed to the condition of an 
ashheap, killing the young plants immedi¬ 
ately after germination The careless, thrift¬ 
less farmer is more apt to experience these 
bad seasons, than the good farmer. 1 he 
remedy for drouth is always a part of the 
good farmer’s plan of operations. Good, 
thorough cultivation before seeding, and 
Eds. Moore’s Rutial :—The inclosed cir¬ 
cular I send you as a reply to an article 
which I read in your paper of April 24, 
signed by G. W. H., Hastings, Neb., and 
headed, “The Truth About Nebraska.” 
Now, Mr. Editor, let me say that 1 have 
been in Nebraska the past year, and also 
this winter, and the article above referred 
to is not “the truth about Nebraska.” It 
may be, as the writer says, the truth about 
Hastings and his county, but not about the 
State in general, and not in any way true as 
fur as our jiurt of the State is concerned. 
Our farmers plowed in shirt-sleeves till Dec. 
18, and then began again about March 15. 
We have not had over 10 or 1--’ weeks of 
winter, aud our cattle have fed out all the 
time ; 35,000 head wintered in the valley at 
North Platte, and our climate at the 100th 
meridian is just as different as the North 
and South. Our season is fully a month 
ahead of Ohio. The weather for the past 
month has been all that could be desired. 
Our wheat, oats, garden truck, &c., are ull 
up and looking fine, notwithstanding the 
statement ot Gen. H aZEN, that nothing 
would grow west of our meridian. He has 
made a slight mistake. We have the best 
body of farming lands in the Union. Over 
1,000 farmers located here during the years 
’74 and ’75. It has all been done quietly, 
and it is a shame to see such Blunders circu¬ 
lated about our State when the truth is easily 
obtained. 
We do not ask people to implicitly believe 
what we say about our place, but invite 
them to come and see for themselves, and 
then they can judge whether our pictures 
are overdrawn or not. If our place is not, 
found to be up to our estimate and all we 
claim it to lie, it will not cost a man a cent 
to return to his home. The transformation 
that has taken place here in one short, year 
is truly wonderful. A year ago last March 
there wits not a house at the town of Cozad, 
anil to-day you can count hundreds of houses 
all over this part of Dawson Co , and our 
town is rapidly filling up. We started out 
to build up the country first and get the 
farmers to work. The town follows as a 
natural consequence. Over seventy people 
have erected houses here during the past 30 
days, and every week adds more. \\ u ex¬ 
pert to have all the lands occupied in a few 
months. We have started to bridge the 
Platte at Cozad, and a road will be opened 
tins spring from here to the Republican Yal 
ley, 30 miles south of us. The people of that 
valley propose to trade at our town as soon 
us the road is laid out, as It is their nearest 
railroad point. We have a liist-ctass lot of 
men here, and, unlike new settlements gene¬ 
rally, we have no scalawags or loafers; no 
place for them here. Our colonists are here 
for business. Thousands or acres are being 
put In crop this spring, and it is toe lmemton 
of the writer and others to run a large 5,uw 
or 6,000 acre wheat farm next season. A 
number of our men are going into the sheep 
business, stock, &c. Will write you again. 
Cincinnati, O., April28. J - ®* 
Remarks.— The circular accompanying the 
above is too long for publication m tins De¬ 
partment, aud beside, its contents are more 
appropriate for our advertising page* “ 
contains a strong land agency talk, ancI if 
half it says about Dawson Co. be true, «.iie 
region must be a fine one. 
