changes of ownership, constitution as amended 
to date, list of members. Instructions for ma¬ 
king entries, errata for previous volumes, prize 
essays, and report from the Committee on Scale 
of Points. The admirable style and arrange¬ 
ment of this work, and its apparent accuracy, 
must render it a treasure to every breeder of 
Jerseys In the land. Pres’t Hand’s address is 
P. O. Box 803, New York City. 
the Northern settlers that I have known of 
.coming South to different States in the last 
eight years have left on account of either set¬ 
tling in sickly places, paying t«K> much for land, 
being driven off by Ku-Klux, or by settling 
themselves where they could not have schools 
nor good roads without making them them¬ 
selves." 
-»»» 
How IVot to be Swindled.—Wo flipped Tan 
item from an exchange—the Western ttural, we 
reckon—which it will bo well for farmers and 
other* liable to be swindled by patent-right 
men, venders of wonderful secrets, traveling 
agents, etc., to carefully read and duly beed. 
To avoid being swindled our contemporary sug¬ 
gests action upon these general principles: 
“Never listen to any proposition which i' com¬ 
mended to you as giving opportunities for stak¬ 
ing money dlsboucstly or by selling an article 
for much more than its worth. The man win* 
proposes to ha^e you defraud others will cheat; 
you if he has a good opportunity. -As a rule, 
when a stranger proposes to m:I 1 you any article 
at very much Iobs than its value, it Is safe to 
decline buying, unless you are a good judge of 
the article.- Never make a purchase or contract 
with a stranger when his assuranoe Is the only 
evidence you have of value.—Ncvcrsign a paper 
presented by a stranger without reading it and 
being sure you understand its character.—A h a 
rule, avoid engaging in any enterprise, however 
attractive they may appear. If entirely outside 
your usual business.—Buy of and sell to men 
whom you know personally, or who are engaged 
Id regular, permanent business, whenever this 
can bo done.—Other things being equal,buy 
and sell In the market nearest home.” 
Then f lic matter of diet Is of no less Import¬ 
ance and receives even less attention. What¬ 
ever fills the stomach, without regard to Its 
nutritive, blood-making and mtiBcle-bullding 
qualities, is bolted down and satisfies for the 
time berfng. American rarm cookery, as a rule, 
is as illy adapted as it well ea* be to build up 
the physical system and give It strengt h and 
liber for physical effort and the brain stimnlus 
corresponding to its needs. Again* what is 
eaten Is not digested, and w* venture the asser¬ 
tion that as»ong farmer* and their families will 
be found, ten to one, more W'ftw suffer from 
dyspepsia in its various forms than among any 
other of the laboring classes. This is iwadue, 
perhaps, more to the character of the food tfewn 
to the fact that the farmer tsit* bis food hastily 
and then, without giving his system time to 
assimilate it, be drives his hotly Into active 
exercise and thus checks the action of the 
stomach and deprives himself of the strength 
he might derive from the food, however good 
or bad, which bo ban eaten. 
In the bouse, another cause of ill health, and 
one of the most prolific of causes, Is the want 
of good ventilation in both living and sleeping 
rooms—especially in the latter, which. In addi¬ 
tion to being often too small to furnish wlrole- 
Bomc air for a cat for an hour. If abut up in one. 
are often without the slightest arrangement 
for securing fresh air, except such s*< Alters In 
through the crevIceB of a single window sash 
or about a single door. Yet men and women, 
one and sometime.! two, sleep In a single room 
of this character, with both the door and win- 
dow.clothJd. When they awake in the morning— 
the wonder isthut they awake at all—ills with a 
depressed sensation, headache, bad taste In the 
mouth, nausea, and with no consciousness of 
having rested at all neither have they rested 
or been refreshed by auob sleep. They arc in a 
worse condition for labor than before they 
slept. The ventilation of the pantry In which 
is kept food of all kinds, Issopoorthat it smells 
badly and the food becomes tainted, each kind 
losing the flavor and quality which really be¬ 
longs to it. So of the cellars. Too many of 
them have no means of ventilation and get 
none, from the time they are closed and “ bank¬ 
ed up" in the fall, until spring opens; and the 
malaria from the decomposition of vegetables 
and fruit penetrates the rooms above, breeding 
dh ease and doctor's bills without hindrance. 
Hut our space falls. These are some of the 
reasons why we do not Join In the popular be¬ 
lief that farmers are even such healthy beings 
as they may be, and why we assert that the 
health, happiness and prosperity of farming 
coin mu nl ties will depreciate unless there Is 
more attention paid to-hygiene on the farm. 
PROCRES8 AND IMPROVEMENT 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
For Ladies Only.—Among the many new 
features Introduced by Messrs, Lord&Taylor, 
■the well-known dry goods firm of New York 
Olt.y, for the benefit aud accommodation of lady 
patrons residing at a distance from their estab¬ 
lishment, is to send them by mail full lines of 
samples of the newest Spring Silks and Dress 
Goods, with the prices marked distinctly on 
each sample. With so complete a supply of 
samples a selection can readily be made, when 
the order is filled, and the goods sent to the 
address of the writer, thus saving time and the 
trouble and expense of traveling. The business 
standing of this eminent house makes this 
announcement to the ladles well worthy of at¬ 
tention.—See advertisement in this paper. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
Associate Editors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Korron. of th« pK*Ai»*r»flic*r or Bhkbp Hwibanduy. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., tittle Vails, N. Y., 
Editor of tub Dbfartjabnt of Dai m Hurbandrv. 
HARNETT. Publisher. 
TERMS FOR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS PREPAY. 
Single Copy, $2.'15 per Year. To Clubs j— Five Cop- 
Inn, and one copy free to Agent or getter up of Club, 
for 9 13.40; Seven Copies, nnd one free, for 1 17.20, Ten 
Copies,and one free, $21.50—only f 2.15 per copy, i iie 
above rates inclwU pottage (which we shall be obliged 
to prepay after Jan. 1. 1875, under the new law,Ho 
any part of the United State*, and tbe American 
postage on n't oOples lulltSil to Canada. On papers 
mailed to Bur-eye, by steamer, the postage will be 85 
cent* extra—or 13.50 in all. Drafts, Po»t-Otfice Muncy 
Orders ami Registered Letter* may be mailed at our 
risk. ,’F Liberal Premiums to ail Club Agent* who 
do Dot take free copies. Specimen Numbers Sbow- 
HlUs, Ac., sent free. 
Railway Powers, Threshers and Clenners,— 
As the threshing season approaches, farmers 
and threshermen will bo Interested in knowing 
that Important improvements have been made 
in the Railway Threshing Machine manufac¬ 
tured at the Empire Agricultural Works, 
Minard Harder, proprietor, Cobieskiu, N.Y., 
and heretofore Illustrated In the Rural. 
Although this machine has long been .justly- 
celebrated, It is claimed that, the late improve¬ 
ments add much to Its ease of operation, ca¬ 
pacity, good work and durability, and must, 
t.herefore, greatly Increase, not only its value 
hut .also the enviable reputation alrtady pos¬ 
sessed by it for so many years. 
A Grunge Festival,—Progress Grange, P. of 
If., of Elizabeth, N. .J-, held a festival May 10, 
and Invited the members of Knickerbocker 
Grange of this city to attend. We learn from 
one who was present that the occasion wan a 
most delightful one. Worthy Master Munday 
and ids associate officers and members of Prog¬ 
ress Grange entertained their guests right 
hospitably. Among the visitors from Knicker¬ 
bocker Grange were Overseer T. 6. Willson, 
Secretary J. W. Nauohton, and Treasurer 
Chas. E. Otis. The Master of tbe N. J. State 
Grange, Bro. Whitehead, was present and 
made an address, and remarks were also made 
by the brother* named above, and others. Tim 
degree of Laborer was conferred upon three 
farmer* of Union Co., in a superior stylo, while 
the singing and organ music were excellent. 
After a pleasant re-union, and exchanging 
cordial Invitations to visit their respective 
Granges, the members of “Progress" and 
“Knickerbocker,” at a reasonable hour, regret¬ 
fully bade each other a temporary farewell. 
ADVERTISING RATES s 
inside. 14th and loth page*(Agate apace).60c. per line. 
“ 13th page.. --J0 
Outside or last page.... 1.00 
Fifty percent, extra for unusual display. 
special Notices, leaded, by count.1.25 
Engines* .-50 „ 
Reading ......mu 
Discounter, 4 Insertions. 10 per et.; 8 ins..15 per ct.; 
13 ins., 20 per ct.: 2li In*., 25 per ct.; fw 'ns., ,iSH per ct. 
tar Ne advertisement Inserted for less than |3. 
The Amount nnd Value or the Corn Crop, 
for the past seven years, we find thus given by 
Mr. J. It. Dodge, Statistician of the Agricultu¬ 
ral Department, in response to nu inquiry in 
the Prairie Farmer:—" In 1808, 900.000,000 bush¬ 
els, valued at. 02 cents per bushel; 1869, 874,000,- 
000, at 75c.; 1870, 1,091,000,000, at 64c.; 1871, 991,- 
000,000, at 46o.; 1872, 1.093,000,000, at 30c.; 1873, 
9(12,000,000, at 48c.; 1874, 854,000.000, at 65c.” 
PUBLICATION OFFICE8 I 
No, 78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow’s Bookstore, Osburn 
Bouse Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
RURAL BREVITIE 
Tryingham, Mass., sends hay rakes to En¬ 
gland. 
The Indiana Short-Horn breeders are to hold 
a Convention at Indianapolis, May 25 th and26th. 
Jefferson Davis lias been offered the Presi¬ 
dency of the new Texas State Agricultural Col¬ 
lege. 
Tu k Oneida Community have stocked Com¬ 
munity Lake in Wallingford, Conn., with 30,000 
salmon trout. 
H. T. StOWKI.L is informed that we know 
nothing of the parties referred to in the circu¬ 
lar sent us by bun. 
Mr. Wm. H. Whekx.,ek has retired from the 
editorial management, of the Vermont Farmer, 
though he continues to contribute thereto. 
The Oregon State Board of Immigration, 
Portland, Oregon, will furnish, free of charge, 
pamphlets descriptive of the State, ou applica¬ 
tion. 
The yield of the wheat crop In South Austra¬ 
lia is 10,000,000 bushels, leaving a surplus of 183,- 
000 t ons for export. The viela in Victoria is 
5,000,000. 
The total value of . ilk products manufac¬ 
tured in America from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1874, 
was $18,092,482 and the number of pounds of silk 
consumed, 897,946. 
Cyrus Thomas of Carbondale, III., has been 
appointed State Entomologist and accepted the 
position. Mr. T. has Hid reputation of being an 
excellent practical entomologist. 
The Bee Keepers of Michigan had an inter¬ 
esting meeting at Kalamazoo. It appears from 
reports mude that fully one half tbeoolonies in 
the State succumbed to the severe winter. 
TnK Johnston Harvester Company of Brock- 
port, N. Y„ had $20,000 WOrtli Of reapers on 
board the Schiller, which will probably be a 
total loss. They were insured for their full 
value. 
‘‘Our Friend” is the title of a neat, 16-page 
monthly, mainly devoted to literary miscel¬ 
lany, recently starred at Fish kill, N. Y.. by Mr. 
Albert A. Henkel. Brother B. ought to, and 
we hope will, succeed In his venture. 
Ar the last Exhibition of the Illinois Poultry 
Association, held at Springfield, Hon. Isaac 
Van Winkle was awarded the premium offered 
by Charles H- Turner, Esq., of 8t. Louis, 
Mo., for " Breeding and Management of Game 
Fowls." Mr. Van Winkle's essay on that sub¬ 
ject is to be embodied in the AunUal Iteport of 
the Association, though he retains the copy¬ 
right. 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES 
A Grand National Potato Exhibition is pro¬ 
posed, to be held next autumn. Among the 
suggestions on the subject, are these by a writer 
in the Tribune (D. A. Compton oi Wayne Co., 
pa.): — ” Before preliminaries are settled 1 
would suggest that the Exhibition beheld in 
New York; that growers and originators be 
required to send, prepaid, at least one peck 
each of the varieties they wish to exhibit, 
which varieties may be old or new, but must he 
accompanied by a witnessed and sworn state¬ 
ment. as to its actual yield per square rod on 
the grower’s grounds, with garden culture; the 
consignee to tastefully ariango each assign¬ 
ment separately, aud label each with tbe grow¬ 
er’s name and address, and synopsis of his 
statement.; the whole to constitute a free ex¬ 
hibition, open to all for three or four dayB. 
8>nnetiim Personal,—That was a pleasant call 
which we received, last week, from Mr. E. S. 
Hayward, President of the Western New York 
Farmers' Club. Tor many years Mr. H. was a 
very successful farmer and seed-grower in 
Brighton, near Rochester, but tbe city gradually 
yet surely encroached upon him, and so greatly 
enhanced the value of his real estate, that he 
finally sold much of his farm for city lots, 
retaining the homestead and living at ease on 
the Income of former promts and recent sales. 
He is one of the few men owning high-priced 
real estate near a city, who have made fanning 
pay much mow than interest for a long series 
of years. We were right glad to meet our old 
fellow-officer of the Monroe Co. Ag. Society (of 
which Mr. H. was Treasurer for many years), 
and review the trials and triumphs of the 
period when the Fair Grocmds (about which 
there Is now contention) were purchased and 
finally paid for by the efforts of a few live 
members, und at the expense of permanent 
investments-as the thirty Life-Membership 
Tickets still held by oue of the number abund¬ 
antly testifies! Well, It was a grand society a 
decade ago, albeit we have come to the conclu¬ 
sion that, some societies, like republics, are 
occasionally ungrateful! 
SATURDAY, MAY 
HEALTH AND PAEMING, 
It is a popular belief that farmers and their 
families are the healthiest of alt the industrial 
classes. This belief la baaed, probably in part 
at least —upon the fact that their lives are 
largely spent out of doors In good air. They 
are thereby supposed to be vitalized even by 
exposure to the elements. It is doubted, how¬ 
ever, whether the vital statistics of tbe Agri¬ 
cultural States—to which we do not happen to 
have access at this writing—will confirm the 
popular belief. We have some reasons for thus 
doubting, which are based upon a pretty ex¬ 
tended observation, and which lead us to cull 
our readers' attention to (bis subject now, be¬ 
cause of the well-known fact that good health 
is an essential element of success in pursuits 
Involving hard manual labor. There Is no sub¬ 
ject personal to the farmer and hi3 family, 
which deserves more careful study and atten¬ 
tion than the conservation of health. His 
isolation, the exposure to which he is subjected, 
the constantly varying temperature of his body 
consequent upon active exercise and its subsi¬ 
dence, in all kinds of weather, with a varied 
amount of clothing, calls for wisdom and care, 
for vigilance and discretion In the treatment 
of his physical organization. But Ib it not a 
fact that, especially in the earlier rnd more 
ambitious years of the farmer’s life, little if any 
regard is paid to these varying conditions, and 
soon the farmer is prematurely “ broken down" 
physically and resorts to liniments, pills, liver 
cures, paio - killers, bitters, and thousands of 
quack and patent nostrums warranted to cure 
any disease he may be heir to, to build up a 
system he has so recklessly shattered by his 
ignorance, or disregard, of the laws ol health? 
We do not happen to be of those who believe 
the avocation of farmers the most healthful, 
necessarily. Hardiness and vigor, it Is true, 
result from exercise aud life In the open air. 
But the duties of the farmer are such that he 
may for an hour be in a state of profuse pers¬ 
piration and then, for the next hour, without 
change iu respect to clothing, lie may be ex¬ 
posed to chill air aud a temperature 30° lower 
at the surface of the body than the hour befero. 
Too little attention is paid to keeping the body 
protected from these extreme changes by wear¬ 
ing fl uinels and to keeping tbe feet dry. The 
changes ol a single day in the field are fre¬ 
quently such as to give the whole system a 
shock from widen it will not recover in years 
if ever. 
The Shearing at the State Nhcep Fair. A 
Rochester paper gives the following list of the 
sheep shorn at the recent Sheep Fair in that 
city, with the names of owners and weights of 
floecesP. &■ G. F. Marlin—Ewe 2 years old— 
weight of fleece 17 lbs.3)4 oz. P. R. Pitts—Ham 
•l years old—weight of fleeee 23 lbs. 13)* uz. G, 
Pitts—Ewe 2 years old—weight of fleece 33)4 
1)38. A. C. Bennett—ltain 4 years old—weight 
of fleece 29 lbs. W. Doolittle & Son—Rum 2 
years old—weight of fleece 23 lbs. 7)4 oz. M. 8. 
Leach—Ram 6 years old—weight of fleece 24 
lbs. 9 oz. Walter Cole—Ram 5 years old- 
weight of fleece 14?i lbs. Stephen Briggs—Ewe 
1 year old—weight of fleece 23 lbs. Stephen 
Briggs Ewe 1 year old—weigtit of fleece 18& 
pounds. ___ 
American bliort - Horn Herd Book.— We are 
in receipt ol Vol. XVI. of “Tho American 
Herd Book, containing Pedigrees of Short- 
Horn Cattle, with introductory notes : By Lew¬ 
is F. Allen, assisted by William T. Bailey.” 
It contains 917 closely printed octavo pages, 
with nearly S,0t!0 independent pedigrees, (aside 
Dom the tables of produce uuder cow pedi¬ 
grees,) contributed by more than 1,200 living 
breeds and owners, and upwards of sixty-flvo 
cattle portraits. This is the best volume of the 
series yet issued, and should be in the posses¬ 
sion of every Short-Horn breeder in the coun¬ 
try. The price to advance subscribers is $8 by 
express, or $8.50 by mail, post-paid; to non- 
subscribers. $9 by express, or $9.50 by mail, Mr. 
Allen’s address is Buffalo, N. Y. 
Advice to Northerner* Going South.—Mr. H. 
L. Dean of Long Island, Jackson Co., Ala., 
seems to liave found what many have lung 
sought, ** the best place to goto,” and we pub¬ 
lish the substance of his letter therefrom— 
mure, however, on account of the advice with 
which it closes than to advertise bis particular 
parudise. He writes;—'* 1 have seen a good 
many Inquiries in your paper about the best 
place to go t o, and after traveling over nearly nil 
of the United States to find it myself, have 
found it here, ‘ to my notion.' I have been here 
now over six years. The principal advantages 
are, health and a good climate. It is on the 
Nashville aud Chattanooga R.R., twenty-five 
miles below Chattanooga, four miles from the 
11.R.. and a mile and a-balf from the Tennessee 
River, on a plateau nine hundred feet above 
the river, and the best section for fruit of all 
kinds, including winter apples, I have ever seen. 
There is still some United States Homestead 
land. There are eight or ten Northern families 
wit hin five miles, two schools, and foursaw and 
grist mills. It is also well timbered. There has 
been no difficulty from Ku-Klux for the last 
three years, and probably will nut be as long as 
tbe U. 8. Ku-Klux law remains. One word of 
advice to all contemplating coming South, to 
either settle ini colonies or where there is some 
Northern settlement. Beware of sickly river 
bottoms, good land agents, who often sell land 
at four times its real value. Four-fifths of all 
AS PEOPLE LEARN 
how true economy It is to use Dobbins’ Electric Soap, 
(made by Cragin & Co.. Philadelphia,) the common, 
adulterated, dishonest soaps are being driven out of 
the market. Try it. 
YOUR attention is respectfully called to the ad¬ 
vertisement of Eckstein, Hills & Co.’s “ Plitenlx” 
brand Pure White Lead, which appeared in this 
puper May 1, on page 295. 
Jersey Herd Register.—We are indebted to 
Mr. T. J. Hand, Pres't. for Vol. Ill, 1674, of the 
“ Herd Begister of the A merioau Jersey Cattle 
Club.” ft is a large and beautiful work and 
most creditable to the Club. The Register 
comprises pedigrees of Bulls from 918 to 1355; 
Cows, 2448 to 3363; with an li dex of owners, 
OIL YOUR HARNESS 
with the celebrated Vacuum Oil Blacking. It soft¬ 
ens and preserves the leather and turns the water. 
Give it one trial and you will use no other. Sold by 
all Dealers. 
